genetically modified crops, history of food biotechnology, drawbacks of GMO

1. Dr.Rajendra Prasad Central
Agriculture University
Presentation On Food
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Bhanu Kumar Tiwari
B.Tech. Biotechnology

2. INTRODUCTION
Food
Any substances eaten to provide
Nutritional support for the body.
Biotechnology:
Any technology that uses biological system,living
Organisms or their parts thereof to make or modify
products or process or specific use.
Food biotechnology:
The application of biotechnology to enhance food
production and quality.
 Food biotechnology aims to enhance value of food.
 Alter the quality of food by genetic
modifications.produce valuable food by classical
method.

3. History of food Biotechnology
Ancient stage:
Begins with early civilization.
Useful plants brought from the wild,planted
Near caves,where people lived.
Using processes that prevented or slow the
Spoilage. Eg.heating by fire.
Classical stage:
Wide use of fermentation.
4000yr ago the production of cheese,the first food Biotechnology
product,through fermentation of milk,by
NOMADIC tribes in Asia.
use of enzyme rennet,came from clave stomach,In fermentation.

4. Modern stage:
 Based on genetic research since mid 1800’s.
 Production of new varieties of desired crop
plants and other organisms.
 Become possible with introduction of recombinant
DNA technology,in 1973.
 IN 1990,the first recombinant DNA food Biotechnology
derived crop was tomato called
FLAVR SAVR.

5. Examples of modified food crop:
Golden rice: enhance the quantity of
vitamin A
Inedible parts of rice by genetic
Engineering to biosynthesis beta-carotene.
Flavr savr tomato:
 First genetically modified food.
 Slow down the ripening process of tomato
and thus prevent it from softening.

6. Corn:
 Resistance to herbicides glyophosate,which is used to kill
weeds.
Soyabean:
 It is modified to have high level of oleic acid,which is
naturally found in olive oil.
 Oleic acid is a monounsaturated omega 9 fatty acid that
may lowers cholesterol whe used to replace other fats.
Milk:
to increase the quantity of milk produced,cows are
are often given RBGH(recombinant bovine growth
hormone).which is banned in the European union as well as
japna,Canada ,Newzeland and Australia.

8. Benefits of food Biotechnology
Food biotechnology and animal benefits.
Animal feed:
 Enhance animal productivity.
 Improved human nutrition in developing
countries where meat consumption is very
much lower than that in developed
countries.
 increased oil content about 6% in maize corn
as compare to 35% in conventional one.

9. Food biotechnology and environmental
benefits.
 The introduction of new varieties of crops exhibiting
resistance to pests,environmentally benign herbicides and
viruses.eg canola field requires only one herbicides
instead of two.
 Reduction in soil erosion.
 Reduction in air population caused previously by burning
of affected crop.
 Glyphosphate tolerant soyabeans cary bacterial gene and
relatively insensitive to herbicides.
 Reduction in number of pesticides application.

10. Food biotechnology and economic
benefits
 A study showed that herbicides-tolerant soybeans
reduced farm input cost by 3.6% and increased
average yield by more than 13-18% in most region of
U.S.A.
 45% of farmers had higher yield of Bt corn in 1988 in
the USA.
 26% of farmers of Bt corn reported a decrease in
pesticides use.

11. Drawbacks of GM foods
 GM food may cause antibiotic resistance.
 Farmers growing genetically modified food,a greater
legal ability.
 Gene go into different plant species.
 Some genetically modified foods may present a
carinogen exposure risk.
 Genetically modified Foods do not the same as the
natural ones.
 Allergic reaction also occurs due to consumption of
genetically modified food.

12. References.
Biotechnology:An introduction second
edition by S.Ignacimuthu,sj.
Wikipedia.org.in

13. Thank you
🤗🤗🤗