this presentation gives you the information about Nobel prize winners in physics of the year 2017.

1. NOBLE PRIZE
Winners 2017
IN PHYSICS

2. • The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the
Nobel Prize in Physics 2017 with one half to
• Rainer Weiss
LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration
• and the other half jointly to
• Barry C. Barish
LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration
• and
• Kip S. Thorne
LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration
• "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of
gravitational waves"

3. • Gravitational waves finally captured
• On 14 September 2015, the universe's gravitational waves were
observed for the very first time. The waves, which were predicted by
Albert Einstein a hundred years ago, came from a collision between
two black holes. It took 1.3 billion years for the waves to arrive at the
LIGO detector in the USA.
• The signal was extremely weak when it reached Earth, but is already
promising a revolution in astrophysics. Gravitational waves are an
entirely new way of observing the most violent events in space and
testing the limits of our knowledge.

4. Gravitational waves, Explained
• October 3, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded physicists Rainer Weiss, Kip Thorne, and Barry Barish the Nobel
Prize in physics for directly detecting gravitational waves—wrinkles in space-time predicted more than a century ago by Einstein’s
theory of general relativity, but which had been stubbornly elusive until 2015.
• Judging from the fanfare that surrounded the first detection's 2016 announcement, this is perhaps the least surprising physics
Nobel since 2013, when physicists François Englert and Peter Higgs won for theorizing the Higgs boson.
• “For as long as 40 years, people have been thinking about this, trying to make a detection, sometimes failing in the early days, and
then slowly but surely getting the technology together to be able to do it,” Weiss said. “It’s very, very exciting that it worked out in
the end that we are actually detecting things, and actually adding to the knowledge, through gravitational waves, of what goes on in
the universe.”
• Weiss, of MIT, and Caltech’s Thorne and Barish played an instrumental role in bringing to fruition one of the most ambitious (and
expensive) experiments of the last couple of decades: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory. In September
2015, LIGO’s two sprawling detectors heard the gentle chirp caused by two black holes that collided more than a billion years ago.
• The power of that collision kinked the fabric of space-time, producing ripples in it that, traveling at the speed of light, took more than
a billion years to nearly imperceptibly change the distances between two sets of mirrors in each of LIGO’s detectors.
• “This year’s prize is about a discovery that shook the world,” says Göran Hanssen, the Swedish Academy’s secretary general. The
Nobel Foundation awarded half of the million-dollar prize to Weiss, and the other half to Barish and Thorne, “for decisive
contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves.”

6. LIGO, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave
Observatory, is a collaborative project with over one
thousand researchers from more than twenty
countries. Together, they have realised a vision that is
almost fifty years old. The 2017 Nobel Laureates have,
with their enthusiasm and determination, each been
invaluable to the success of LIGO. Pioneers Rainer
Weiss and Kip S. Thorne, together with Barry C.
Barish, the scientist and leader who brought the
project to completion, ensured that four decades of
effort led to gravitational waves finally being observed.

8. Rainer Weiss

9. Rainer "Rai" Weiss (/waɪs/; German: [vaɪs]; born September 29, 1932) is
an American physicist, known for his contributions in gravitational physics
and astrophysics. He is a professor of physics emeritus at MIT and an
adjunct professor at LSU. He is best known for inventing the laser
interferometric technique which is the basic operation of LIGO. He was
Chair of the COBE Science Working Group.
He is a member of Fermilab Holometer experiment, which uses a 40m
laser interferometer to measure properties of space and time at quantum
scale and provide Planck-precision tests of quantum holographic
fluctuation.
In 2017, Weiss was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, along with Kip
Thorne and Barry Barish, "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector
and the observation of gravitational waves"
RAINER WEISS-

10. • Rainer Weiss was born on September 29, 1932 in Berlin, Germany, the son of
Gertrude Loesner and Frederick A. Weiss. His mother, a Christian, was an
actress. His father, a physician, neurologist, and psychoanalyst, was forced out of
Germany by Nazis because he was Jewish and an active member of the Communist
Party. The family fled first to Prague, but Germany's occupation of
Czechoslovakia after the 1938 Munich Agreement caused them to flee; the
philanthropic Stix family of St. Louis enabled them to obtain visas to enter the United
States.[13] Weiss spent his youth in New York City, where he attended Columbia
Grammar School. He studied at MIT and after dropping out in his junior year returned
to receive his SB in 1955 and PhD in 1962 from Jerrold Zacharias. He taught at Tufts
University in 1960–62, was a postdoctoral scholar at Princeton University from 1962
to 1964, then joined the faculty at MIT in 1964.

11. BarryClarkBarish

12. Barry Clark Barish -
He(born January 27, 1936) is an American experimental physicist and Nobel
Laureate. He is a Linde Professor of Physics, emeritus at California Institute of
Technology. He is a leading expert on gravitational waves.
In 2017, Barish was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics along with Rainer
Weiss and Kip Thorne "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the
observation of gravitational waves“
In 2017, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics (jointly with Rainer Weiss and Kip
Thorne) "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of
gravitational waves".[1]
Barish has been elected to and held fellowship at the following organizations:
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS)
the National Academy of Sciences (NAS)
the National Science Board (NSB)
Fellow of American Physical Society (Vice President 2008)
Fellow of American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

13. First Barish's experiments were performed at Fermilab using high-energy
neutrino collisions to reveal the quark substructure of the
nucleon.[11] These experiments were among the first to observe the weak
neutral current, a linchpin of the electroweak unification theories of
Glashow, Salam, and Weinberg.
In the 1980s, he directed MACRO, an experiment in a cave in Gran
Sasso, Italy, that searched for exotic particles called magnetic
monopoles and also studied penetrating cosmic rays,
including neutrino measurements that provided important confirmatory
evidence that neutrinos have mass and oscillate.
In 1991, Barish was named the Maxine and Ronald Linde Professor of
Physics at Caltech.
In the early 1990s, he spearheaded GEM (Gammas, Electrons, Muons),
an experiment that would have run at the Superconducting Super
Collider which was approved after the former project L* lead by Samuel
Ting (and Barish as chairman of collaboration board) was rejected by SSC
director Roy Schwitters.[13][14]Barish was GEM spokesperson.

14. Kip Thorne

15. He(born June 1, 1940) is an American theoretical physicist and Nobel
laureate, known for his contributions in gravitational
physics and astrophysics. A longtime friend and colleague of Stephen
Hawking and Carl Sagan, he was the Feynman Professor of Theoretical
Physics at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) until 2009 and is
one of the world's leading experts on the astrophysical implications
of Einstein's general theory of relativity. He continues to do scientific
research and scientific consulting, most notably for the Christopher Nolan
film Interstellar.
In 2017, Thorne was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics along with Rainer
Weiss and Barry C. Barish "for decisive contributions to the LIGO
detector and the observation of gravitational waves".
Kip Thorne-

16. Thorne was born in Logan, Utah on June 1, 1940. His father
was an agronomist, his mother Alison (née Comish) Thorne,
was an economist and the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in the
Economics Department of Iowa State College.
Raised in an academic environment, two of his four siblings
also became professors. Thorne's parents were members
of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons)
and raised Thorne in the LDS faith, though he now describes
himself as atheist. Regarding his views on science and
religion, Thorne has stated: "There are large numbers of my
finest colleagues who are quite devout and believe in God.
There is no fundamental incompatibility between science and
religion. I happen to not believe in God."

17. In Economics
NOBLE PRIZE
Winners 2017

18. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the
Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
2017 to
Richard H. Thaler
University of Chicago, IL, USA
“for his contributions to behavioural economics"
Richard H.
Thaler

19. Limited rationality: Thaler developed the theory of mental accounting,explaining how people simplify financial
decision-making by creating separate accounts in their minds, focusing on the narrow impact of each individual
decision rather than its overall effect. He also showed how aversion to losses can explain why people value the
same item more highly when they own it than when they don't, a phenomenon called the endowment effect. Thaler
was one of the founders of the field of behavioural finance, which studies how cognitive limitations influence financial
markets.
Social preferences: Thaler's theoretical and experimental research on fairness has been influential. He showed
how consumers' fairness concerns may stop firms from raising prices in periods of high demand, but not in times of
rising costs. Thaler and his colleagues devised the dictator game, an experimental tool that has been used in
numerous studies to measure attitudes to fairness in different groups of people around the world.
Lack of self-control: Thaler has also shed new light on the old observation that New Year's resolutions can be hard
to keep. He showed how to analyse self-control problems using a planner-doer model, which is similar to the
frameworks psychologists and neuroscientists now use to describe the internal tension between long-term planning
and short-term doing. Succumbing to shortterm temptation is an important reason why our plans to save for old age,
or make healthier lifestyle choices, often fail. In his applied work, Thaler demonstrated how nudging – a term he
coined – may help people exercise better self-control when saving for a pension, as well in other contexts.
In total, Richard Thaler's contributions have built a bridge between the economic and psychological analyses of
individual decision-making. His empirical findings and theoretical insights have been instrumental in creating the new
and rapidly expanding field of behavioural economics, which has had a profound impact on many areas of economic
research and policy.

20. Richard H. Thaler-
He(born September 12, 1945) is an American economist and the Charles R.
Walgreen Distinguished Service Professor of Behavioral Science and
Economics at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
He is perhaps best known as a theorist in behavioral finance, and for his
collaboration with Daniel Kahneman and others in further defining that field.
In 2017, he was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic
Sciences for his contributions to behavioral economics. When discussing its
selection of Thaler to receive the Nobel Prize, the Royal Swedish Academy
of Sciences reasoned that his "contributions have built a bridge between the
economic and psychological analyses of individual decision-making. His
empirical findings and theoretical insights have been instrumental in creating
the new and rapidly expanding field of behavioral economics.

21. Richard H. Thaler has incorporated psychologically realistic
assumptions into analyses of economic decision-making. By
exploring the consequences of limited rationality, social
preferences, and lack of self-control, he has shown how these
human traits systematically affect individual decisions as well
as market outcomes.
Thaler was born in East Orange, New Jersey. His mother,
Roslyn (Melnikoff), was a teacher, and his father, Alan M.
Thaler, was an actuary at the Prudential Financial in Newark,
New Jersey, and was born in Toronto.[6][7][8] His family is
Jewish,[9] and he grew up with two younger brothers. He is
married to France Leclerc, a former marketing professor. He
has three children from his first marriage.[10]

22. Thaler was the 2017 recipient of the Nobel Memorial
Prize in Economics for "incorporat[ing] psychologically
realistic assumptions into analyses of economic
decision-making. By exploring the consequences
of limited rationality, social preferences, and lack of self-
control, he has shown how these human traits
systematically affect individual decisions as well as
market outcomes."
After learning that he had won the Nobel Prize, Thaler
said that his most important contribution to economics
"was the recognition that economic agents are human,
and that economic models have to incorporate that. In a
nod to the sometimes-unreasonable behavior he has
studied so extensively, he also joked that he intended to
spend the prize money "as irrationally as possible.”

24. Thank You