حاسوب

1. ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت‬www.stqou.com
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‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻼﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻰ‬
‫دراﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺼﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﺟﻮﺑﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﻮات‬ ‫اﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﻮف‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﯿﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻛﺎدﯾﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎرات‬
‫ﯾﻮﻣﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺠﺪة‬ ‫اﺧﺒﺎر‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮاﻧﻜﻢ‬
www.stqou.com
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.stqou.com

2. ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت‬www.stqou.com
٢
‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬‫ﻣﺒﺎدئ‬‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‬
‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
١.‫ﺣﯿﺎﺗﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺳﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬
١.١‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‬ ‫ﻧﺪرس‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴ‬‫ﺒﻤﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻨﺎ،ﻭﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ‬‫ﻘﺎﻥ‬.
‫ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﺍﻜﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻓﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻏﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻅﺎﺌﻔﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ،‫ﺘﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬‫ﻤﻌﻴﺸﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻬﻴل‬.
٢.١‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﺮورة‬
*‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ‬.‫ﻭﻗﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬‫ﺤﻴـﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻤـﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﻁـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺘﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺘﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﺼل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬.
*‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺅﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺅﻭل‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬.‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬‫ﻭﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬
٣.١‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫وﻓﺮص‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺳﯿﺐ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ؟‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻃﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫وﻋﺪد‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ازدﯾﺎد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺒﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻜﻮن‬ ‫ھﻞ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻐـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨـﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺫﻟـﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ،‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﻤﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹ‬‫ﻜﻠﻔـﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ،‫ﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﻐﺭﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬.
٤.١‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫وﺣﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‬
*‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻭﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﻼﻟﻴﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻴﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫل‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩﺍ؟‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺼﻔﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻫل‬‫ﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ؟‬
*‫ﺒﻙ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻠﻔﺎﺘﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻐﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ‬ ‫ﻫل‬
*‫ﺴـﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻬـﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺒﺘـﺯﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻬﻡ؟‬
*‫ﻭﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ‬‫ﺘﺴﺭﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻥ‬.
٥.١‫واﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‬
*‫ﺍﻟـﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨـﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺸﺎﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺒﻴﺔ‬.
*‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ‬‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻔﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬.
*‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﺯل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل‬.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤـل‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻓﺭﺍﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬.
٦.١‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‬ ‫ﯾﺨﻄﺊ‬ ‫ھﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻮاب‬:‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
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3. ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت‬www.stqou.com
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‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﻤﻠل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﻠل‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻹﻨﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ،‫ﻭﺴﺭﻋﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺘﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺠﺩﺭ‬ ،‫ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻠﻙ‬‫ﻫـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬.
١.‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻑ‬.
٢.‫ﻟﻠﺨﺩﺵ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬‫ﻀﻴﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺯﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬.
٣.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻫﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻁﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬.
٤.‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺒـل‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀـﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬.
٧.١‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﻤﯿﺰات‬
١.‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺼل‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺌﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺏ‬)
٦
١٠(‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬.
٢.‫ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻠل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﻠل‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬.
٣.‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬‫ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻼل‬.
٤.‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬.
٥.‫ﻭﺍﺘﻘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺍﻭل‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬.
٦.‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ‬.
٧.‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺠﺎﺭﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻜﺒﺔ‬.
٨.١‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﺐ‬‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺳﯿﺐ‬
‫اﻷﺳﺒﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻌﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻮد‬:
١.‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺨﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬.
٢.‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻌﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬.
٣.‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻭﺭ‬‫ﺩﺍﻋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﺘﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬.
٤.‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺎﺩل‬.
‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺳﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺟﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎت‬:
١.‫ﻭﺘﺼﻨﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬.
٢.‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻭﻑ‬‫ﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻥ‬.
٣.‫ﻭﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺘﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺎﺘﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬.
٤.‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺯﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬.
٥.‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻤﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺎﺘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬.
٦.‫ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺤﺘـﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬
‫ﻨﺴﺨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬.
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4. ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت‬www.stqou.com
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‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻮاق‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺳﯿﺐ‬ ‫اﺑﺮز‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬
•‫؟‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺴﻭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻜﺭ‬
١.‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬I B M )(‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬:
DATA MINI IBM – XT IBM –pc
AMSTRAD MULTITECH I BM –AT
‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬:
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺍﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬.‫ﺏ‬.‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬.‫ﻭﺘﻨﺴﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬.
٢.‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬)‫ﺃﺒل‬(‫ﻤﺜل‬) :APPLE IIE(‫ﺘﻨ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻔﻴﺫ‬:
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﻭﺘﻨﺴﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﺘﺏ‬.(‫ﺏ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬.
٣-‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬MACINTOSH PLUS
‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻹﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺄﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬:
‫ﺃ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺏ‬.‫ﺝ‬.‫ﻭﺘﻨﺴﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬.(
٤-‫ﺼﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬.MSX.‫ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺜﻘﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬.
٢.‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺳﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮر‬
‫ﺒﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ،‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬.
‫ﺗﻄﻮر‬‫اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮرات‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺳﯿﺐ‬:
١-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬)٠-١٣١٠(‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻷﺼﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﺴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩ،ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬
٢-‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬)١٦٢٠-١٨٧٤:(‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻻﻅﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ،‫ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺭ‬‫ﺩﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺠﻪ‬.
٣-‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬)١٨٨٦-١٩٤٤:(‫ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ،‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻐل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬.
٤-‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬)١٩٤٧-‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬:(‫ﺍﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﻴل‬
‫ﺠﺯﺌﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻤﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﻌﺪ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺳﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮر‬:
١-‫اﻟﯿﺪوﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬:
‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪاد‬:‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺤﻤل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻁﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻟﻠﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬.‫ﻟﻠﺨﺭﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬.
‫ﻧﺎﺑﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫أﻋﻤﺪة‬:‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺤﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﺔ‬.
‫اوﺗﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻄﺮة‬:‫ﻟﻭﻏﺎﺭﻴﺘﻤﻴﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺼل‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﻁﺭﺓ‬.
٢-‫اﻵﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬:
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫آﻟ‬‫ﻜﺎل‬‫ﺎﺳ‬:‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﻗﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬٠-٩‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ،‫ﺒﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﺼل‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴل‬
‫ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻠﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬.‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻔﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬.
‫ﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﺔ‬‫ﯿﺒﻨﺘﺰ‬:‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻷﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺁﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺤﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺒﻨﺘﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬.
٣-‫اﻵﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬:
*‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻨﺴﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻜﺎﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻜﻥ‬.
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5. ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت‬www.stqou.com
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*‫ﺑﺎﺑﺎج‬ ‫آﻟﺔ‬)‫اﻟﻔﺮﻗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬:(‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬،‫ﺒﺸﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺨﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬.‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺭﻙ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﻜﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬.
*‫ھﻮﻟﯿﺮﯾﺚ‬ ‫آﻟﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺍﻭل‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭﻟﻴﺭﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻉ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺀﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺜﻘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺁﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺱ‬.
*‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮوﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿ‬ ‫اﻵﻻت‬:‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻬﺭﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭل‬”‫ﻤﺎﺭﻙ‬١“‫ﻭﺭﻗـﻲ‬ ‫ﺸـﺭﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺘﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬.
٤-‫اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺳﯿﺐ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻴﺯﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬.
‫إﻧﯿﺎك‬)ENIAC:(‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺅﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭل‬١٩٤٣-١٩٤٦‫ﻟﺘـﺩﺭﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺘﺎﺯ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺎﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺵ‬‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻐل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﻏﺔ‬١٤٠‫ﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻤﺭﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺭﺍ‬٣٠‫ﻁﻨﺎ‬.
‫إدﻓﺎك‬)EDVAC:(‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻴـﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﻔﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺭﻴﻊ‬.
‫إدﺳﺎك‬)EDSAC:(‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺘﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻡ‬.
‫ﺎك‬‫ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻔ‬)UNIVAC:(‫ﺍﻟـﺼﻤﺎﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﻏﺔ‬.
٣.‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺳﯿﺐ‬ ‫أﺟﯿﺎل‬
‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﺠﯿﻞ‬)١٩٤٦-١٩٥٦)(First Generation:(
١.‫ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﻍ‬.
٢.‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺎﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬.
٣.‫ﺍﻵﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎﺕ‬)machine language(‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﻴﻊ‬)assembly language(
٤.‫ﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬.
٥.‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﻭل‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬١/١٠٠٠‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬.
٦.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﻨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﺜﻭﻗﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻁﺀ‬ ،‫ﺘﻜﻠﻔﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴل‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﺴﺭﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻌﻤل‬.
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﯿﻞ‬)١٩٥٦-١٩٦٤)(Second Generation(
١.‫ﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻬﻼﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗل‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﻍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻨﺯﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺤل‬.
‫ﻤﻭﺜﻭﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬.
٢.‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬‫ﻭﻓﻭﺭﺘﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﺒﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺔ‬.
٣.‫ﻭﺍﺴـﺘﺭﺠﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺭﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺭﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬.
٤.‫ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬)batch system(٥-‫ﻟﻴﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﻭل‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺴﻥ‬١٠‫ﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﺜﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﯿﻞ‬‫ﻟﺚ‬)١٩٦٤-١٩٧١)(Third Generation:(
١.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻭﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬.
٢.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺒﺩﻟﺕ‬.
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٣.‫ﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬‫ﺒﺎﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬‫ﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬‫ﺃﻻﻑ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻨﺯﺴﺘﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﻁـﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﺠـﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻠﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬.‫ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬١٠٠٠‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﻨﺯﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬٦٥‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﻨﺯﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻑ‬.‫ﻭﻤﻭﺜﻭﻗﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻋﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻠل‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬.
٤.‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺹ‬.
٥.‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬.
٦.‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭ‬‫ﺃﺘﺎﺡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬.
٧.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬)multiprocessor computers(
٨.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﻭل‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬١٠٠‫ﻨﺎﻨﻭﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﯿﻞ‬)١٩٧٢-١٩٨٤)(Fourth Generation:(
١.‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺼل‬ ‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬١٠٠‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﻨﺯﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻑ‬.
٢.‫ﺍل‬ ‫ﻅﻬﻭﺭ‬)microprocessor(
٣.‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﻭﺭ‬)virtual OS(‫ﻭ‬)real time OS.(
٤.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﻭل‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬١‫ﻨﺎﻨﻭﺜ‬‫ﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬.
٥.‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬.
‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﯿﻞ‬)١٩٨٤-١٩٩٠)(Fifth Generation:(
١.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺒﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬.
٢.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺸﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻭﺍ‬.
٣.‫ﻟﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.
٤.‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬)LANs,MANs,WANs.(
٥.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺯﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﻭﺭ‬.
٦.‫ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺠل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻜﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬.
‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺳﯿﺐ‬ ‫أﺟﯿﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬:
‫اﻟﺠﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬‫اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺮة‬‫اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎت‬‫اﻟ‬‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻮﺳﯿﻂ‬‫اﻟﺘﺪاول‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻷول‬١٩٤٦-‫أواﺳﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻤﺴﯿﻨﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮﻏﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬‫اﻵﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬-
‫اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺎت‬١‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻲ‬
-٣
١٠‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬‫اﻟﺨﻤﺴﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫أواﺳﻂ‬-١٩٦٤‫اﻟﺘﺮاﻧﺰﺳﺘﻮر‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬
)‫ﺟﻮل‬(،)‫ﻛﻮﺑﻮل‬(
‫اﻷﺷﺮﻃﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻄﺔ‬
١٠‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻜﺮو‬
-٥
١٠‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎ‬‫ﻟﺚ‬١٩٦٤-‫اﻟﺴﺒﻌﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫أواﺋﻞ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ‬-IC‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬)‫ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬(
‫اﻷﻗﺮاص‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻄﺔ‬
١٠٠‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬
-٧
١٠‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬‫اﻟﺴﺒﻌﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫أواﺋﻞ‬-
‫اﻟﺜﻤﻨﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬
VISI
‫ﻧﻄﺎق‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻊ‬
ً‫ا‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫واﺳﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻮري‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺎق‬‫اﻟﻠﯿﺰر‬ ‫أﻗﺮاص‬
‫اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ‬)CD(
١٠٠٠‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬
-٩
١٠‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬‫اﻟﺜﻤﻨﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬-‫اﻻن‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺒﺎﻩ‬‫اﻟﻠﯿﺰر‬ ‫أﻗﺮاص‬
‫اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ‬)CD(
‫اﻟﺒﯿﻜﻮﺛﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺪدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬:
*‫اﻟﻌﺪدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴل‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬.
١.‫ﺍﻻﺴﺒﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬١١١١١١١٣-‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻭﺯ‬:
٢.‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬)١-٩(‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬.
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7. ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت‬www.stqou.com
٧
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ؟‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫اذﻛﺮ‬
١.‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬٢.‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬٣.‫ﻋﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺜﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬٤.‫ﻋﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
ً‫ﻻ‬‫أو‬:‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬(Numeric System):
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬:‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻗل‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺩﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬.
*‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬:‫ﺭﻗﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬)٠،١(‫ﻭﻴﺸﻜل‬٢‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬،‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺏ‬)٠،١(
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬)١:(‫اﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ھﻞ‬)٢١٠(‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ؟‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﺏ‬:‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻻﻥ‬ ،‫ﻻ‬)٢.(
‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬)٢(‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬.
‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬:A=١٠،B=١١
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬)٢:(‫اﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ھﻞ‬)١٠٠(‫ﻋﺸﺮي؟‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟﺠﻭﺍﺏ‬:‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ،‫ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ‬)٠،١.(
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ،‫ﻋﺸﺭﻱ‬)٠(‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬)٩.(
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬)٣:(٢)١٠٠:(‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ،‫ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬)٠،١(‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺠﺎﻨﺒﻪ‬ ،)٢(‫ﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬)٤:()٨١٠:(‫ﻋﺸﺮي؟‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ھﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﺏ‬:،‫ﻋﺸﺭﻱ‬‫ﻷﻥ‬)٨(‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻷﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬)٠(‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬)٩.(
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬)٥:(‫ﻟﻠﺮﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﯿﺮ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬)١٨٢٨.(
١١٠١٠٠١٠٠٠
٠
)١٠(١
)١٠(٢
)١٠(٣
)١٠(
٨٢٨١
١٠٠٠×١+١٠٠×٨+١٠×٢+١×٨
١٠٠٠+٨٠٠+٢٠+٨=١٨٢٨
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬٦:‫ﻟﻠﺮﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺸﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﯿﺮ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬٢)١٠١١٠٠١(
١٢٤٨١٦٣٢٦٤
٠
)٢(١
)٢(٢
)٢(٣
)٢(٤
)٢(٥
)٢(٦
)٢(
١٠٠١١٠١
١٠١١٠٠١=١×١+٠×٢+٠×٤+١×٨+١×١٦+٠×٣٢+١×٦٤
١+٠+٠+٨+١٦+٠+٦٤=٨٩
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬٧:‫ﻟﻠﺮﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺸﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﯿﺮ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬٢)١٠١٠١٠١(
١٢٤٨١٦٣٢٦٤
٠
)٢(١
)٢(٢
)٢(٣
)٢(٤
)٢(٥
)٢(٦
)٢(
١٠١٠١٠١
١٠١٠١٠١=١×١+٠×٢+٠×٤+١×٨+١×١٦+٠×٣٢+١×٦٤
١+٠+٤+٠+١٦+٠+٦٤=٨٥
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬٨:‫ﻣ‬‫ﻟﻠﺮﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺸﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﯿﺮ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﺎ‬٢)١٠١١٠١١(
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8. ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت‬www.stqou.com
٨
١٢٤٨١٦٣٢٦٤
٠
)٢(١
)٢(٢
)٢(٣
)٢(٤
)٢(٥
)٢(٦
)٢(
١١٠١١٠١
١٠١١٠١١=١×١+٠×٢+٠×٤+١×٨+١×١٦+٠×٣٢+١×٦٤
١+٢+٠+٨+١٦+٠+٦٤=٩١
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬٩:‫ﻟﻠﺮﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﯿﺮ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬١٠)٨٥٤(
١٢٤٨١٦٣٢٦٤١٢٨٢٥٦١٠٢٤
٠١١٠١٠١٠٠١
٥٨٤
-٥١٢
٣٤٢
-٢٥٦
٨٦
-٦٤
٢٢
-١٦
٦
-٤
٢
-٢
٠
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬)١٠:(‫ﻟﻠﺮﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﯿﺮ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬١٠)١٩٩(
١٢٤٨١٦٣٢٦٤١٢٨٢٥٦
١١١٠٠٠١١٠
١٩٩
-١٢٨
٧١
-٦٤
٧
-٤
٣
-٢
١
-١
٠
w
w
w
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9. ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت‬www.stqou.com
٩
‫ﺳﺆال‬:‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‬ ‫أﺟﮭﺰة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬
‫ﺟﻮاب‬:‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﺔ‬.
‫ﺳﺆال‬:‫اﻟﺘﺪاول؟‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺳﯿﺐ‬ ‫أﺟﯿﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫اذﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺟﻮاب‬:‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻗل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻴل‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﻭل‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺒﻘﻪ‬.
*‫آﻟ‬‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫ﯿﺔ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬
٠٠٠٠٠٥٠١٠١
١٠٠٠١٦٠١١٠
٢٠٠١٠٧٠١١١
٣٠٠١١٨١٠٠٠
٤٠١٠٠٩١٠٠١
٥٠١٠١١٠١٠١٠
)٠،١(‫ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬:B
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬:‫ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬)Binary Digit)(‫ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ،)Binary System)(
•‫ﺒﺕ‬(bit):‫ﻭﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬)٠(‫ﺃﻭ‬)١.(
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗل‬٠One bit
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬١‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺎﺩل‬)١(‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗل‬٠٠Two bits
٠١
١٠
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬١١‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺎﺩل‬)٣(‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗل‬٠٠٠Three bits
٠٠١
٠١٠
٠١١
١٠٠
١٠١
١١٠
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬١١١‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺎﺩل‬)٧(‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
*‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬:‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬)٠،١(‫ﺍل‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺸﻜل‬)٢(‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴ‬.
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬)١:(2)10(،2)101(،2)1000(.
‫اﻟﻌﺸﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬:‫ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬)٠،١،٢،٣،٤،٥،٦،٧،٨،٩(‫ﺃل‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺸﻜل‬)١٠(‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴ‬.
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬)٢:(‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪا‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﺪاد‬:A(2)10(.B(2)210(.C(2)11(.D(2)100(.
‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫آﻟﯿﺔ‬:
‫ﻣﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬:‫اﻟﺒﺎﯾﺖ‬(Byte)=((8) bits).
‫ﺳﺆال‬:((2) Bytes)‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫أﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬:
A(٢١٦
–١B(١-٢١٦
C(١-
٢١٦
D(١-
٢١٥
w
w
w
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10. ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت‬www.stqou.com
١٠
‫ﺳﺆال‬:‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬Bit‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫أﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻓﯿﮫ‬١٠)٦٣:(
‫ﺍﻟﺤل‬:2 n
-1=63
=64=6-bit2 n
‫ﺳﺆال‬:‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ھﻞ‬٣٣‫أل‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬Bit-٥‫ﺍﻟﺤل‬:- 1 = 32 = 312 5
‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺸﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬‫ﺋﻲ‬:‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻨﻬﻲ‬‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﻥ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺭ‬(
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬:‫ﺣﻮل‬١٠)١٣(‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬١٣٢
١٦٢
٠٣٢
١١٢
١٠
‫ﺍﻟﺤل‬:١٠)١٣= (٢)١١٠١(
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬:‫ﺣﻮل‬١٠)٤(‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬٤٢
٠٢٢
٠١٢
١٠
‫ﺍﻟﺤل‬:١٠)٤= (٢)١٠٠(‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬١-‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﺮب‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺮدﯾ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬٢‫ب‬١.
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬٢-‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﺮب‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫زوﺟﯿ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬٢‫ب‬١.
v‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬:‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨ‬‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺪم‬:
+١+١+٠+٠
١٠١٠
١٠١١٠
)٠‫ﻭﺤﻤل‬١(
١+ .١٠٠
١٠١٠
١١١٠
٢+ .١١٠١
١١١١
١١١٠٠
v‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺡ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬:
-١-١-٠-٠
١٠١٠
٠١١٠
)‫ﺇﺴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺓ‬(
١.-١٠٠١٠٠
٠١١٠١١
٠٠١٠٠
٢.-١٠١٠٠
٠١٠٠١
١١٠١٠
w
w
w
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11. ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت‬www.stqou.com
١١
v‫اﻟﻀﺮب‬:‫اﻟﻀﺮب‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬:
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺭﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺭﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺨﺫ‬(
×١×١×٠×٠
١٠١٠
١٠٠٠
١.×١٠٠١
١٠١
١٠٠١
+٠٠٠٠
١٠٠١
١٠١١٠١
٢.×١١٠١
١٠١
١١٠١
+٠٠٠٠
١١٠١
١٠١٠٠٠١
v‫اﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬:
‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‬)‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺨﺫ‬(
÷١÷١÷٠÷٠
١٠١٠
١‫ﻴﺠﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬٠‫ﻴﺠﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
٠٠٠١١٠١
١٠٠١١١٠١١٠
١١٠
٠٠١١١
١١٠
٠٠١١٠
١١٠
w
w
w
.stqou.com

12. ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت‬www.stqou.com
١٢
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬
١-‫ﻋﻤﻠﮫ‬ ‫وﻣﺒﺪأ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‬
١.١‫اﻟﺤﻮﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬:
‫رﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻜﻮن‬:
١-‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬.٢-‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬.٣-‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬.
٢.١‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬:‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮم‬:
١-‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺨﺎل‬.٢-‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬.
٣-‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬.٤-‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻭﻴل‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﻴﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬.
‫اﻟﻤﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬:‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬)‫ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻹﺩﺨﺎل‬‫ﻭﺍﻹﺨﺭﺍﺝ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ،
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬.
‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﯿﺎت‬:‫ﺘﻘﺴﻡ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻐﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ‬.
‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺳﯿﺐ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬:
١.‫اﻟﻜﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‬:‫ﻜﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺯﺍل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻌﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺼﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬.
٢.‫اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺳﻮب‬.
٣.‫ﻋﻤﻼق‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺳﻮب‬:‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒـﺅ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻁﻘﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻱ‬.
٤.‫ﻛﺒﺮى‬ ‫ﺣﻮاﺳﯿﺐ‬:‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬.
٥.‫ﻄﺔ‬‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳ‬ ‫ﯿﺐ‬‫ﺣﻮاﺳ‬:‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺜـﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻓﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ،ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ‬:
IBMS AS/ 400
٦.‫ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮاﺳﯿﺐ‬:‫ﺒـ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬ ،‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ،‫ﺭﺨﻴﺼﺔ‬Dos‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻭﺍﻓﺫ‬.
٧.‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﯿ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻄﺎت‬:‫ﻋﺒ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴـﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻠﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻘﺩﺓ‬Unix‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺫ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨ‬NT.
٨.‫ﺎل‬‫اﻟﻨﻘ‬ ‫ﻮب‬‫ﺣﺎﺳ‬Laptop:،‫ﺼـﻐﻴﺭﻩ‬ ،‫ﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻤل‬ ،‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺃﻗل‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬.
٩.‫اﻟﺼﻤﺎء‬ ‫واﻟﺤﻮاﺳﯿﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺳﻮب‬:
‫ﺃ‬(‫ﺣﺎﺳﻮب‬‫اﻟﺬﻛﻲ‬:‫ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻏﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬.
‫ﺏ‬(‫اﻟﺼﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺳﻮب‬:‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ‬.
١٠.‫اﻟﻜﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮل‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺳﻮب‬ ‫أﺻﻐﺮ‬Palmtops.
*‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‬ ‫أﺟﺰاء‬‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬:
Data
‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬
Information
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬
w
w
w
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13. ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت‬www.stqou.com
١٣
١-‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬٢-‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬٣-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬٤-‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺤﺔ‬٥-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ‬.
*‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎت‬:
١-‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫دواﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻋﻰ‬System Board.
٢-‫اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﻷﻏﺮاض‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ‬:‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺼﻼ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﺢ‬‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺕ‬.
٣-‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺰود‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬.
٤-‫واﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻗﺮاص‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻐﻼت‬
٥-‫اﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮﻃﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻗﺮاص‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻐﻼت‬.
*‫اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫أﻏﺮاض‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬:
١-ISA:Industry Standard Architecture‫ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻁﺄ‬.
٢-PCI:Peripheral Component Interconnect‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺭﻉ‬ISA.
٣-AGP:Graphic Port Accelerated‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺩﻴﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬PCI‫ﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺭﺒﻊ‬.
)‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ‬(‫ﺮاج‬‫واﻹﺧ‬ ‫ﺎل‬‫اﻹدﺧ‬ ‫ﻮاﻧﺊ‬‫ﻣ‬:‫ﺍﻹﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻴﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﺭﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺨﺭﺍﺝ‬.
*‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺬ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬:
١.‫ﻣﺘﻮازﯾﺔ‬Parallel–‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻊ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼل‬ ،‫ﺴﻭﺏ‬.
٢.‫ﻣﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬Serial–‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺼل‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻊ‬:‫ﻤﻭﺩﻡ‬.
٣.‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﻞ‬USB.
٤.‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﺬ‬SCSI.
‫ﺴﻠﺔ‬‫ﻣﺘﺴﻠ‬Serial:‫ﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻋﺎﺩ‬COM1 , COM2‫ﻤـﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺴﻠﺴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺫ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻤﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻭﻴل‬‫ﻤﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬)‫ﺜﻘﻭﺏ‬٩(‫ﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬D.
‫واﻹﺧﺮاج‬ ‫اﻹدﺧﺎل‬ ‫وﺣﺪات‬
*‫اﻹدﺧﺎل‬ ‫وﺣﺪات‬::‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬.
١-‫اﻟﻔﺄرة‬:‫ﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬.
-‫أﻧﻮاﻋﮫ‬:
‫ﺃ‬(‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺄرة‬:‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺎﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬(‫اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺄرة‬:‫ﺘﺘ‬‫ﻤﻴﺯ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺭﻭﻨﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬
-‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺄرة‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬:
‫ﺃ‬(‫اﻟﺴﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺄرة‬:‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﻴﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬.‫ﺏ‬(‫اﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺄرة‬:‫ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬
٢-‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬.٣-‫اﻟﺮﻗﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣﯿﺮا‬.
٤-‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎر‬ ‫ﻛﺮة‬.٥-‫اﻟﻠﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﻟﻮح‬.
٦-‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﯿﮫ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻌﺎب‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎ‬.٧-‫اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﯿﺎرات‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻠﻢ‬.
٨-‫اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬:‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬.
٩-‫اﻟﺼﻮت‬ ‫إدﺧﺎل‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬.١٠-‫ﻟﻮﺣ‬‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻤﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬.
*‫اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎت‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬:
-‫اﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬:
١-‫اﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﯿﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺴﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻅﻡ‬CCP.
٢-‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬:‫ﻗﺭﺍﺌﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺙ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬.
٣-‫اﻟﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬:‫ﺘﻤﺜﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬‫ﺒﻜﺴل‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ل‬.
٤-‫اﻟﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أﺣﺎدي‬
٥-‫واﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬.
*‫اﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎت‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬:
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14. ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت‬www.stqou.com
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١-‫ﺔ‬‫ﯾﺪوﯾ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺳﺤﺎت‬:‫ﺠـﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤـﺩ‬ ،‫ﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺭﻴﻜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻟﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺒﻁ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻗﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺨﻴﺼﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬‫ﺨـﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬
ٍ‫ﺯ‬‫ﻤﺘﻭﺍ‬ ٍ‫ﺫ‬‫ﻤﻨﻔ‬.
٢-‫ﺼﻔﺤﺎت‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺳﺤﺎت‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻻﻧﻔﺮادﯾ‬:‫ﺠـﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺴﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺒﻪ‬ ،‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬.
٣-،‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻮدة‬ ‫ذات‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺒﻪ‬.
٤-‫اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻄﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎت‬:‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬‫ﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻜﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺒﻪ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﻤ‬.
٥-‫ﺻﻮرﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺳﺤﺎت‬:‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻔﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫،ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻬﻠﺔ‬.
٦-‫اﻟﺼﻮت‬ ‫إﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬.
*‫اﻹﺧﺮاج‬ ‫وﺣﺪات‬:‫ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬.
١-‫اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺎت‬:‫ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬.
‫اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺎت‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬:
١.‫اﻟﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺎت‬‫ض‬CRT:‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺜﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺒﻭﺏ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ،.‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬CRT:
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬:‫ﺃﺤﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬)١٤،١٥،١٦،١٧،١٨،١٩،٢٠،٢١،٢٢(‫ﺇﻨﺵ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬:‫ﺃﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬.
٢.‫اﻟﻠﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺎت‬:‫ﻟﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬‫ﻴﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻔﺫ‬.
٣.‫ﺷﺎﺷﺎت‬LCD)Liquid Crystal Display.(
٢-‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌﺎت‬:‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻔﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺤﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.
*‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌﺎت‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬:
١.‫رﻣﺰﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬:‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﺒﻌﺔ‬.
٢.‫اﻟﺴﻄﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻌ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
٣.‫ﺼﺤﻔﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌ‬:‫ﺼﻔ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﺒﻌﺔ‬‫ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻋﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺼل‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻷﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬)١–١٦(‫ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬.
٤.‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬:‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬) :٧×٥(،)٩×٧(،)٩×٩.(
٥.‫ﺼﻔﺤﺎت‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻃﺎﺑﻌ‬:،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻋﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ‬ ،‫ﻏﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻔﺘﻬﺎ‬١٦‫ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬.
٦.‫اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬ ‫أﺟﮭﺰة‬:‫ﺒﻨﺘﺎﺌ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﻭﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺭﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﺍﻭل‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸﻴﻭﻋ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺭﺴﻡ‬.
*‫اﻟﻤﻮدم‬:
١-‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬
٢-‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺎﺱ‬:‫ﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬/‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴ‬‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺎﺩل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬.
٣-‫ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺴﻁ‬١٤٤٠٠‫ﺒﺕ‬/‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬.
٤-‫ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬٢٨٨٠٠‫ﺒﺕ‬/‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬٣٣٦٠٠‫ﺒﺕ‬/‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬.
*‫اﻟﻤﻮدم‬ ‫أﺟﮭﺰة‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬:
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15. ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت‬www.stqou.com
١٥
١-‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮدم‬:‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻏﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬.
٢-‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮدم‬:‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﻔﺫ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺼل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ،‫ﺴﺘﻘﺒل‬COM.
*‫واﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮدم‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬:
-‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮدم‬:‫ﺤﺎﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺇﻀﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ،‫ﺒﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻬل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬ ‫ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬.
-‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮدم‬:‫ﻤﻨﻔﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜﻤﻨ‬ ‫ﺃﻗل‬COM‫ﻤ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﺩﻴﺜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺘﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻌﻅﻡ‬.
*‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬Drivers‫ﺍﻻﺘـﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻴﻨﺩﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬.
*‫اﻟﻤﻮدم‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت‬:١-‫ﺒﺎﻻﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل‬٢-‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬
‫س‬:‫واﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت؟‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫وﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫أذﻛﺮ‬
١-‫ورﻗﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻂ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺸﺭﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬.
٢-‫ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺰﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻂ‬:
‫أ‬-‫اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﺮﻃﺔ‬:‫ﻤﺨﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻭ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬‫ﻭﻋﺭﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻠﻔﺔ‬.
*‫ﻣﻤﯿﺰاﺗﮭﺎ‬:١-‫ﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻗل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩ‬٣-‫ﻤﺴﺤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺯﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻘﻰ‬.
٢-‫ﺁﻤﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﻔﻅﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬.٤-‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺼل‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻌﺔ‬١٠‫ﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﻴﻴﻥ‬.
*‫ﻋﯿﻮﺑﮭﺎ‬:١-‫ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻠﻑ‬.٢-‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬)‫ﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌﻲ‬.(
٣-‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬.
*‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫أھﻢ‬:١.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻔﻅ‬٢.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺨﺎل‬
٣.‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬.
‫ب‬.‫اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺮاص‬:‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬.
*‫ﻣﻤﯿﺰاﺗﮭﺎ‬:١-‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ‬.٢-‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬.٣.‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ‬.
٤.‫ﺴﺭﻋ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺯﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﺍﻭل‬ ‫ﺔ‬.٥.‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬.
*‫اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺮاص‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬:١.‫ﻤﺘﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬.٢.‫ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬.
‫ج‬.‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺮﻧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻄ‬ ‫ﺮاص‬‫اﻷﻗ‬:‫ﺍﻟـﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‬‫ﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬.
*‫اﻟﻤﺮن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮص‬ ‫ﻗﯿﺎﺳﺎت‬:٨‫ﺇﻨﺵ‬)٥٠٠–١٠٠٠(،‫ﺒﺎﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻠﻭ‬٣,٥،‫ﺇﻨﺵ‬٥,٥‫ﺇﻨﺵ‬.
٣-‫ﺿﻮﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺰﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻂ‬:
‫اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﯿﺰر‬ ‫أﻗﺮاص‬:‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬.
‫س‬:‫اﻟﻠﯿﺰر؟‬ ‫ﻗﺮص‬ ‫أﺣﺠﺎم‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
١-٢,٢٥‫ﺒﺴﻌﺔ‬ ،‫ﺇﻨﺵ‬٤٠٠‫ﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻴﻭﻥ‬.
٢-١٢،‫ﺇﻨﺵ‬١‫ﺒﺎﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻴﺠﺎ‬.
٣-JOB BOX‫ﺒﺴﻌﺔ‬١٤٠–١٥٠‫ﻗﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ،‫ﻗﺭﺹ‬٥٠‫ﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻑ‬.
٤-‫اﻟﻤﺼﻐﺮة‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻼم‬:
‫س‬:‫اﻟﻠﯿﺰر؟‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺰن‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬
١.‫ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬.٢.‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬.
٣.‫ﻟﻴﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﺒﻌﺔ‬.٤.‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬.
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16. ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت‬www.stqou.com
١٦
٥.‫ﻭﻤﻠﺤﻘﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬.٦.‫ﻭﺤﺩ‬‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺓ‬.
‫س‬:‫اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﻲ؟‬ ‫واﻟﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺮاص‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎرن‬
١.‫ﻴﻌﺎﺩل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ‬٤٠‫ﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻴﻁ‬.
٢.‫ﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﻌﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺱ‬.
٣.‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺭﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬.
٤.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺜﻭﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬.
٥.‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﻊ‬٢٠‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬.
‫س‬:‫اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ؟‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮص‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت‬ ‫أھﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
١-‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬.
٢-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬.
٣-‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬.
‫س‬:‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬ ‫أذﻛﺮ‬‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻨﯿﺔ؟‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺪاول‬
١-‫ﺎﺑﻌﻲ‬‫ﺗﺘ‬ ‫ﺪاول‬‫ﺗ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﻭﻹﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻀﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻁ‬.
٢-‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺪاول‬:‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻀﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﻤﺜل‬ ،‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬.
*‫اﻟﻤﺮﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺮاص‬:‫ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻐ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻼﺴﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻨﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻁ،ﺘﺴﺘﺨ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻡ‬
*‫اﻟﻤﺮن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮص‬ ‫ﻗﯿﺎﺳﺎت‬:٨‫ﺇﻨﺵ‬)٥٠٠–١٠٠٠(‫ﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻠﻭ‬.
*‫اﻟﻤﺮن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮص‬ ‫ﻣﻤﯿﺰات‬:
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﺜﻤﻨﻬ‬ ‫ﺭﺨﺹ‬‫ﻭﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬.‫ﺏ‬-‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬.
*‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺮاص‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬.
١-‫اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ‬ ‫أﻗﺮاص‬:‫ﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬DD‫ﺃﻭ‬2D‫ﻴﻘﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ،٧٢٠‫ﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬.
٢-‫اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫أﻗﺮاص‬:‫ﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬HD‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻭﻋﺏ‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻴﻘﺎﺭﺏ‬١٤٤٠‫ﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬.
*‫اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺮاص‬)‫اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺮاص‬ ‫ﺣﺰﻣﺔ‬.(
-‫س‬:‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬:‫اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺮص‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮص‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮص‬‫اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮص‬
‫ﺒﻼﺴﺘﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻨﻭﻋﺔ‬.‫ﻤﻌﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻨﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺒﻁﺄ‬.‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺭﻉ‬.
‫ﻟﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻤﻌ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‬.
‫ﺃﻗل‬ ‫ﺴﻌﺘﻬﺎ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻌﺘﻬﺎ‬٢٠٠GB.
‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻤﺯ‬A‫ﺃﻭ‬B.‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻤﺯ‬C.
*‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮص‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺘﻮي‬:
١-‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿ‬ ‫ﺰاء‬‫أﺟ‬:‫ﺒﻤـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﺤﺯﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻐﻨﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬.
٢-‫إﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫أﺟﺰاء‬:‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺤﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﻬﺘﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬
*‫اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺮاص‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬:
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17. ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت‬www.stqou.com
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١-‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻄ‬ ‫أﻗﺮاص‬:‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺭﻴﻜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺠﻠﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬.
٢-‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻄﺔ‬ ‫أﻗﺮاص‬:‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘـﻭﻱ‬ ،‫ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬.
*‫اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺮاص‬ ‫ﺻﯿﺎﻧﺔ‬:
١-‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﻪ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬.
٢-Defragmentation:‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬.
*‫اﻟﻔﯿﺮوس‬:‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺯﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺩﻤﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬.
*‫اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﯿﺰر‬ ‫أﻗﺮاص‬:
‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫أﺣﺪث‬:
-CD – ROM:‫ﺇﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﺔ‬.
-‫اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮص‬:‫ﺴﻤﻜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺴﺘﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬١,٢‫ﺘﺨﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻡ‬٦٥٠MB‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬.
*‫ﻣﻤﯿﺰاﺗﮭﺎ‬:١-‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩ‬.٣-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬‫ﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬.
٢-‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻭﻋﺏ‬.٤-‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩ‬‫ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬
*‫اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺮاص‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬:
١-CD – R:‫ﻗﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻌﺔ‬٧٠٠MB‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﺢ‬ ،.
٢-CD – RW:‫ﺘﺨﺯ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻌﺔ‬‫ﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬٧٠٠MB‫ﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺴﺠﻴل‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ،.
*‫اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻗﺮاص‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ‬ ‫أﺟﮭﺰة‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق‬:
١-‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬:‫أ‬.‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬CD – ROM:‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬.
‫ب‬.‫واﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬:‫ﻴﻤﻜ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻥ‬.
٢-‫اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﮫ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬:‫ﺃ‬-‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸﻴﻭﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬INTERNAL.
‫ﺏ‬.‫ﻜﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬EXTERNAL.
*‫اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬‫اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬:
‫ﺃ‬.‫ﺴﻌﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺎﺩل‬٤٨٦‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺭﻨ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﺭﺼ‬.‫ﺏ‬.‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻁﻴﺴﻲ‬/‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺝ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬‫ﻫـ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬
‫ﺩ‬.‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺜﻭﻗﻴﺔ‬.
*‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫إﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:
١-‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻭﻙ‬.٣-‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬
٢-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬.٤-‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬
*‫أﻗﺮاص‬DVD:١-DVD:Digital Video Disc.٢-DVD - K:‫ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺹ‬.
٣-DVD – RW:‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺹ‬.
*‫أﻗﺮاص‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬DVD‫ﻟﻠﺘﺴﺠﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬:
١-‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬–DVD – RW , DVD – R:‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻋﻡ‬ ،‫ﺇﺨﺘﺭﺍﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﻭل‬CLV.
٢-‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬–DVD – RAM:‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﻤﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀل‬.
*‫أﻗﺮاص‬ ‫أﺣﺠﺎم‬DVD:
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