Slides for a presentation at 2022 meeting of the American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences

2. Taking It To The Streets (TIS)
When Helpful Becomes Harmful:
Implications for FCS Professionals When
Dealing with Opioids, Vaping, and other
“New” Addictions

3. Sessions Set Up: Please Stay for Both!
Session One:
• An overview of this crisis
• Vaping-new evidence
• Financial Implications-What is it costing us?
Session Two
• Addressing emotional and mental wellness
• Vulnerable populations, prevention
• What FCS can do
• Sharing thoughts
This Photo by Unknown Author is
licensed under CC BY

4. Why Do We Need to Take This
Information to the “Streets”?
• This topic was chosen for our Families in Crisis series
because it has adversely impacted many lives
• Everyone needs to be made aware of how something that
seems helpful may turn out to be very harmful.
• FCS Professionals can play an important role because they
reach so many people through our professional practice
settings

5. “Addiction is not simply a
moral failing, it’s a
disease for which there is
no single absolute cure.”

6. We are in a Crisis Situation…
OPIATES-natural substances (opium poppy)
OPIODS-synthetic (e.g., Fentanyl-mimics morphine
but is 50-100 times stronger!)
ABUSE--consequences can be deadly.
Since 2002, deaths resulting from misuse of Rx drugs have outpaced overdose deaths from cocaine,
crack and heroin combined:
Opiods-about 17,00k Cocaine about 5K Heroin about 8k
OPIOD MISUSE is more prevalent than the above and various other
drugs!
Only Marijuana is abused more than Rx drug in the US!

8. Abused or Misused Medications
Stimulants
Analgesics
Aspirin Acetaminophen
Ibuprofen
Anti-depressants
Tranquilizers
Barbiturates
Cough and cold prep
Antihistamines
Antitussives and Expectorants
Laxatives

11. Continuing Health Problems
• Respiratory depression
• Tolerance development increases need for higher dosages
• Dependence-missed dosage leads to withdrawal
• Addiction-unlike the above two, it is a primary chronic
disease of brain reward, motivation, memory and related
circuity=cravings, lack of behavior control, etc.
• Overdose, Nalaxone overdose prevention kit

12. © 2021 Orexo US, Inc.

13. New
Evidence!
Keep in mind-No one viewed cigarettes as harmful until
data was collected…what will we learn about Vaping?
Contains cadmium and other toxic materials
Causes breathing problems and sometimes, death.
One cartridge contains as much nicotine as a pack of
cigarettes!
Leads to addiction-especially problematic as it’s popular
with teens.
Vaping can cause financial, family, and job loss issues
like many other addictions!
VAPING…
Initially also
seemed harmless
& was a way to
cut down smoking
but here’s…
New
Evidence!

14. Cigarettes
and Vaping
E cigarettes aka, e-vaporizers, vape pens
Initial use to cut down on cigarette smoking; now found to be just as addictive
Helps those who already smoke to cut down but 30% of teen users turn to cigarettes
anyway
E cigs not perceived (especially by teens) to be dangerous or hazardous to health
because they produce vapors, not harsh smoke
Easy to obtain even though illegal to sell to those under 19
Battery operated look like pens or USB sticks, some with replaceable cartridges,
liquid (mix of chemicals including nicotine)
Variety of flavors.
When puffed by a user the liquid inside is heated into a vapor that is inhaled

15. Juul: A Vaporizer –Electronic Cigarette
• Company is unregulated for the most part…was
promoted as a safer alternative to cigarettes.
• Controls 50% of the market.
• Hooked millions of Americans on a new.
• Flavored and e cigarettes are now banned in some
states.
“Our mission is to transition the world’s billion adult smokers away from
combustible cigarettes, eliminate their use, and combat underage usage of
our products”.

16. Effects of Vaping-Reality Check!

17. Financial Costs of Opioid
Addiction

18. Financial Costs of Opioid Addiction
Source: The High Price of the
Opioid Crisis (2021), PEW
Research:
https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/r
esearch-and-analysis/data-
visualizations/2021/the-high-
price-of-the-opioid-crisis-2021

19. Who Bears The Costs of Opioid
Addiction?
• Individuals and families
• Employers
• Governments
The greatest cost comes from lost
earnings and productivity
Source:
https://altarum.org/news/economic-toll-
opioid-crisis-us-exceeded-1-trillion-2001

20. Costs to Individuals/Families
• Decreased labor force participation
• Incarceration for opioid-related crimes
• Depleting savings to pay for a drug addiction
• Forgone saving/investment opportunities (e.g., 401(k)s, IRAs)
• Out-of-pocket health care expenses
• Poor credit history due to delayed bill-paying
• Lost lifetime earnings due to unemployment and premature death
• Grandparents raising grandchildren (impact on retirees)
• Reduced quality of life and financial/mental stress on family members

21. Costs to Employers
• Absenteeism
• Presenteeism (lost productivity of workers)
• Labor shortages
• Employer costs for disability payments and workers’ compensation
• Cost of mistakes made, and damages caused, by impaired workers

22. Costs to Government/Society
• Criminal justice expenses and incarcerations
• Costs of care for children born with neonatal effects
• Costs of addiction treatment and opioid education programs
• Lost income tax revenue due to reduced earnings of addicted persons
• Reduced Social Security tax revenue
• Costs for family assistance programs (e.g., SNAP)

23. Financial Action Steps
• Third party monitoring of financial accounts
• Estate planning (will, living will, durable PoA)
• “Alternative” financial management strategies to avoid problems
• “Financial Infidelity”
• Close joint bank and credit accounts
• Turn over credit and debit cards to a sober family member (cash-only)
• Cut off online access to financial accounts
• Direct deposit of paychecks and direct bill payment
• Text alerts (e.g., late payments) to a sober family member

24. Identity
Theft and
Addiction
Dr. Axton Betz-
Hamilton, South
Dakota State
University

25. Break Time! Join us for Part 2!
• Social, emotional, and family
relations impacts of the opioid,
vaping and addictions crisis
• Roles for FCS educators
• Opioid, vaping and addictions
crisis resources

26. Part 1 Recap
• “Whys” to take this information “to the streets”
• Opioid crisis overview and causes
• Electronic cigarette effects
• Financial costs of opioid addiction

27. Social, Emotional, and
Mental Health Implications

28. OPIOIDS
AND
MENTAL
HEALTH

29. RISK FACTORS FOR OPIOID ADDICTION
Genes
Environment
Mental Health
Access
Age

30. People with Opioid Dependence
Require more visits to or stays in hospitals or clinics than their peers.
11.2 X more likely to have had at least 1 mental health outpatient visit4
12.2 X times more likely to have had at least 1 hospital inpatient stay4
Nearly a half million emergency room (ER) visits were due to opioid dependence in 20115
Significantly higher risk for comorbid conditions associated with drug abuse than peers (P<0.01).4
78 X greater risk for nonopioid poisoning and 36 X greater risk for hepatitis A, B, or C
8.5 X greater risk for developing/having a psychiatric illness and 21 X greater risk for pancreatitis

32. CONSEQUENCES OF OPOID USE
• Drug use & mental illness
• Mental disorders & self-medication
• Mental illness & genetic vulnerabilities
• Co-occurring diagnoses & Environmental triggers
• Drug use, mental illness & brains function
• Drowsiness, mental confusion, euphoria, nausea and constipation. At high
doses, opioids can depress respiration

33. Psychosocial Impacts
• Opioid dependence cannot only have negative effects on individuals but also
can have tremendous psychosocial costs.6,7
• Destroys families
• Low educational achievement
• Unemployment
• Homelessness
• Destabilizes communities
• Increases crime
• Increases transmission of disease (such as HIV and hepatitis)
• Increased healthcare costs
Source: © 2021 Orexo US, Inc

34. Risk Factors for Intervention
 History of prescription opioid pain medications
 Past or current substance abuse
 Untreated psychiatric disorders
 Younger age
 Social or family environments that encourage misuse
 Other drug use
 Fatal Overdose
 Use during pregnancy results in exposure of babies to these
drugs, results in neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).
 Increase in fatalities due to motor vehicle accidents

35. • Prevention becomes even more important as we watch the unfolding story of the impact
of substance use on American communities
• Preventionists: the first line in addressing the risks presented by substance use in our
communities
• Increased focus on potential harms of substances
• Raise awareness of risks with substance use
• Community outreach to youth as well as adults
SOURCE: SAMHSA
The Power Of Prevention
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

36. Easy to obtain and justify use
• Rx by a doctor
• Using another person’s Rx
• Obtaining Rx from different doctors
.
• Stealing them even from family and friends.
• Not being stored in a secure locked location
• Aggressive marketing by big pharma
• OTC easily obtained and a problem
Rx and OTC Abuse-How Did We
Get Here?

37. Important
to Know:

38. Parents…
• Safeguard drugs at home; monitor quantities and control access.
• Monitor-Use only as directed.
• Educate your teen and set clear rules about drug use.
• Find community support groups.
• Recognize the signs of abuse (teachers need to know this, too).
• Learn what commonly abused pharmaceuticals and implements
look like.

39. How Does This Issue Relate
to Family & Consumer
Sciences?

40. Vulnerable Populations That May
Relate to Our Field
• Those suffering great pain from ailments or injuries may lead to addiction.
• The elderly-lack of understanding, increased pain, lack of monitoring, “what
have I got to lose” attitude.
• Pregnant woman-babies born with addiction and/or serious problems like
Jaundice, Sepsis, breathing and feeding problems, renal failure, death, etc.
• Substance exposed newborns may suffer abuse and neglect, adverse
neurodevelopmental outcomes, rehospitalization.
• Poly users: Alcohol, sleeping pills, anti-anxiety meds, lethal combinations
• Teens and young adults 90% of addictions occur during these years.

41. FCS Professionals’ Role
• Identification of signs of overdose
• Screening
• Referrals
• Parent education
• 4 H & youth programs; Youth and Safety education
• Media and materials
• Empower individuals to make decisions on their behaviors
• Establish partnerships with faith-based and community-based organizations
• Advocacy
• Seeking funding to address opioid crises
• Collaborating with related organizations

42. Teach the Importance of Self-Advocacy
• Asking for non opioid alternatives, or the lowest dosage
• Keeping track of health history and medication usage
• Avoiding poly use
• Storing and disposing medications properly
• Locking meds up to prevent theft by family members and friends
• Using medicine take back programs
• Recognizing the signs of overdose: pinpoint pupils, unconsciousness,
respiratory depression.

43. What Else Can Family & Consumer Sciences Do?
Community
and Advocacy
Action is
needed
Develop
prevention
campaigns
Start at the
grassroots.
Involve students,
parents and
members of the
community
Form
partnerships
with like minded
groups and
agencies
Help others to
understand
the severity of
the crises
Educate your
students and
the public
Explore
resources
available for
students and
the general
public

44. Resources
National Recovery Month
SAMHSA Opioid Resources
Opioid Overdose: Understanding the Epidemic (CDC)
What is the U.S. Opioid Epidemic? - U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services
Opioid Overdose Crisis - NIH National Institute on Drug Abuse
What Science tells us About Opioid Abuse and Addiction - NIH National Institute
on Drug Abuse
Preventing or Reducing Opioid Abuse and Overdose: Selected Resources -
SAMHSA
Opioid Overdose Prevention Toolkit - SAMHSA
SAMHSA Evidence-based Practices Resource Center

45. Resources: PPT and More Will Be Under TIS –
Found Under “Resources and Advocacy” at aafcs.org
• NAMI-National Alliance on mental illness: Free Peer Education program
• NOPE-Narcotics Overdose Prevention & Education-866-448-3000
www.nopetaskforce.org Truth and Consequences: what every parent
should know about teens and substance abuse.
• The Truth About Drugs Curriculum-Foundation for a drug-free world.
info@drugfreeworld.org
• Drug Free America-www.DFAF.org

46. Drugfreeworld.org

47. NARCOTICS
OVERDOSE
PREVENTION &
EDUCATION
www.
nopetaskforce.org

48. FCS Must Take This Information
To The “Streets!
To become involved: msinnovate@aol.com
Time for comments and sharing
Experiences, resources
and advice!