Rehabilitation engineering

1. REHABILITATION ENGINEERING
(BM8703)
UNIT - 1

2. 1.WHAT IS REHABILITATION ?
 Rehabilitation points out the existing corpercities of the
handicaped person and brings him/her to the optimum level of
functional ability by the combined and coordinated use of
medical, social, educational and vocational measured.
 The world health organization(WHO) defines rehabilitation as
“a set of measures that assist individuals, who experience or are
likely to experience disability, to achieve and maintain optimum
functioning in interaction with their environments”.
 Rehabilitation may be medical or sociovocational.

3. 2.WHAT ARE THE THREE PHASE OF MEDICINE ?
 PREVENTIVE MEDICINE :
A disease is prevented from occurring by avoiding
the interaction between agents, host and environment.
CURATIVE MEDICINE :
The doctors attempt to cure a patients who come
with jaundice, myocardial fracture etc. However, several
conditions like poliomyelitis have no cure.

4. REHABILITATION MEDICINE :
It is the improvement of function through the diagnosis
and treatment of health conditions, reducing improvement and
preventing or treating complications of persons with disability.
3.0 MEDICAL REHABILITATION
3.1 IMPORTANCE OF PHYSIOTRY:
 Physitrists are the physicians who are specialized in physical
medicine and rehabilitation.
 The responsibility of a team of professionals who are guided
by a key doctor or physiatrist.
 The common problems are stroke, neuromuscular disorders,
muscoskeletol disorder, cardiopulmonary disorder and etc.

5. 3.2 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF REHABILITATION ?
The study of distribution and determinants of health related
states and events.
The application of this study to the control of diseases and other
health problems.
 It is divided from the Greek word epidemios. The meaning of
this word is “on the people”

6. 3.3 HEALTH
Adefinition of the health given by WHO is “A state of complete physical,
mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity”.
the fundamental role of rehabilitation is to add life to years, not years to
life.

7. 3.4 EPIDEMIOLOGY TRIANGLE
It is clear that the disease is caused by
simultaneous interaction of host, agent
and environment. This is called
epidemiology triangle.

8. 4.0 PREVENTIVE REHABILITATION
 Prevention of disability start of
birth and also before birth.
 The disability due to genetic
defects or blood group
incompatibility.
 Example : A fall in mortality
levels leads to rise in morbidity
levels. Rehabilitation deals with
morbidity and quality of life.

9. 4.1 LEVEL OF PREVENTIONS
 Primordial prevention
 Primary prevention
 Secondary prevention
 Tertiary prevention

10. 4.3 ECONOMIC IMPACT
 Every year several crores of rupees are spent on maintaining disabled
people if they are rehabilitated to a level of self-dependence, national
saving may be achieved.
 we can say if the individual person in a family, then the entire family
becomes handicapped.

11. 5.0 IMPAIRMENT, DISABILITY AND HANDICAP
IMPAIRMENT :
impairment refers to a problem with a structure or organ of the body.
DISABILITY :
disability is a functional limitation with regard to a particular activity.
HANDICAP :
handicap refers to a disadvantage in filling a role in life relative to a
peer group.

12. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IMPAIRMENT, DISABILITY AND
HANDICAP

14. 5.1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IMPAIRMENT, DISABILITY AND
HANDICAP

15. 5.2 HANDICAPS
SIX TYPE OF HANDICAPS (WHO)
I. Locomotor handicap.
II. Visual handicap.
III. Hearing and speech.
IV. Cardiopulmonary handicap.
V. Intellectual handicap.
VI. Emotionally disturbed.

16. 5.3 DIAGNOSIS OF DISABILITY
 The disabled person should be given early
evaluation and intensive treatment to prevent
permanent disability.
The total person, physically, emotionally,
vocationally and socially must be considered in
the diagnosis.

17. 5.4 DISABILITY EVALUATION
 The quantum of disability varies according to the method used.
The disability evaluation is given in percentage.
 It is calculated by performing general physical, orthopedic,
Physiatric and neurological examinations of the patient in the
rehabilitation Centre.

18. 5.5 FUNCTIONAL DIAGNOSIS
 Rehabilitation professionals are trained to evaluate the residual
capabilities of the individual and strengthen them.
 The functional diagnosis should be,
Objective.
Descriptive.

19. 5.6 MULTIPLE DISABILITIES

20. 5.7 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DISABILITIES
 Disabilities that are direct consequences of a disease
are called primary disabilities.
Disabilities that did not exist at the onset of primary
disability but develop subsequently are called secondary
disabilities.

21. 5.8 DISABILITY LIMITATION
 Disability limitation refers to preventing an increase in
the intensity or scope of an existing disability.

22. 6.0 GOALS OF REHABILITATION
 Handicapped individuals have the following problems :
Orientation
Physical independence
Mobility
Occupational integration
Social integration
Economic self-sufficiency

23. 7.0 SOCIOVOCATIONAL REHABILITATION

24. 8.0 THE REHABILITATION TEAM

28. PHYSIATRIST

29. OTHER TEAM MEMBERS

36. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEER

37. SOCIAL WORKER