This document discusses the meaning and purpose of research. Research is defined as a systematic, organized inquiry aimed at finding answers or solutions to a problem. The objectives of research are to gain new insights, accurately describe characteristics, determine relationships between variables, and test hypotheses. The document outlines different types of research such as pure, applied, exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and evaluation research. It also discusses the importance of literature reviews in researching a problem and identifying what is already known about the topic.

1. By- Buddhabhushan dongre

2. Meaning of Research
 An organized, systematic, data-based, critical, scientific
inquiry or investigation into a specific problem,
undertaken with the objective of finding answers or
solutions to it.
 Must have a purpose
 Undertaken to understand various phenomena
 To solve specific problem

5. Research Objectives
 Definition: declarative statements that
focus on the identification and the
description of variables or concepts and
sometimes on determination of
relationships of variables

6. The objectives of this study were to:
(a)describe the self-reported physical
and mental health, disability level, and
social support of persons chronically ill
with multiple sclerosis; and (b)contrast
rural and urban residents in relation to
health description, social support, and
perception of health.

7. The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions
through the application of scientific procedures. The main
aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and
which has not been discovered as yet. Though each research
study has its own specific purpose, we may think of research
objectives as falling into a number of following broad
groupings:
 1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new
insights into it (studies with this object in view are termed
as exploratory or formulative research studies);
 2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular
individual, situation or a group.

8.  3. To determine the frequency with which
something occurs or with which it is
associated with something else (studies with
this object in view are known as diagnostic
research studies);
 4. To test a hypothesis of a causal
relationship between variables (such studies
are known as hypothesis-testing research
studies.

9. Characteristics of research
 Empirical - based on observations and experimentation on
theories.
 Systematic - follows orderly and sequential procedure.
 Controlled - all variables except those that are
tested/experimented upon are kept constant.
 Employs hypothesis - guides the investigation process
 Analytical - There is critical analysis of all data used so that
there is no error in their interpretation Objective, Unbiased,
& Logical - all findings are logically based on empirical
Employs quantitative or statistical methods - data are
transformed into numerical measures and are treated
statistically

10.  Original work
 Done by an expert - the researcher uses valid
and carefully designed procedures, valid data
gathering
 Must be patient and unhurried activity - to
ensure accuracy
 Require effort-making capacity
 Requires courage
 Has logical roots that help to establish facts or
principles
 Answers all type of questions

11. types of research?
 1. Pure research
 a. Also called as the fundamental or the theoretical
research.
 b. Is basic and original.
 c. Can lead to the discovery of a new theory.
 d. Can result in the development or refinement of a theory
that already exists.
 e. Helps in getting knowledge without thinking formally of
implementing it in practice based on the honesty, love and
integrity of the researcher for discovering the truth.

12.  2. Applied research
 a. Based on the concept of the pure research.
 b. Is problem oriented.
 c. Helps in finding results or solutions for real life problems.
 d. Provides evidence of usefulness to society.
 e. Helps in testing empirical content of a theory.
 f. Utilizes and helps in developing the techniques that can be
used for basic research.
 g. Helps in testing the validity of a theory but under some
conditions.
 h. Provides data that can lead to the acceleration of the process of
generalization.

13.  3. Exploratory research
 a. Involves exploring a general aspect.
 b. Includes studying of a problem, about which
nothing or a very little is known.
 c. Follows a very formal approach of research.
 d. Helps in exploring new ideas.
 e. Helps in gathering information to study a specific
problem very minutely.
 f. Helps in knowing the feasibility in attempting a
study.

14.  4. Descriptive research
 a. Simplest form of research.
 b. More specific in nature and working than exploratory
research.
 c. It involves a mutual effort.
 d. Helps in identifying various features of a problem.
 e. Restricted to the problems that are describable and not
arguable and the problems in which valid standards can be
developed for standards.
 f. Existing theories can be easily put under test by empirical
observations.
 g. Underlines factors that may lead to experimental
research.
 h. It consumes a lot of time.
 i. It is not directed by hypothesis.

15.  5. Diagnostic study
 a. Quite similar to the descriptive research.
 b. Identifies the causes of the problems and then
solutions for these problems.
 c. Related to causal relations.
 d. It is directed by hypothesis.
 e. Can be done only where knowledge is advanced.

16.  6. Evaluation study
 a. Form of applied research.
 b. Studies the development project.
 c. Gives access to social or economical programmes.
 d. Studies the quality and also the quantity of an
activity.

17.  7. Action research
 a. Type of evaluation study.
 b. Is a concurrent evaluation study.

18. LITERATURE SURVEY
 After defining a problem, the researcher has to do
literature surv ey connected with the problem.
 Literature survey is a collection of research publications ,
books and other documents related to the defined
problem
 . It is very essential to know whether the defined problem
has already been solved, status of the problem, techniques
that are useful to investigate the problem and other related
details. One can survey
 (1) the journals which publish abstracts of papers
published in various journals,
 (2) review articles related to the topic chose

19.  (3) journals which publish research articles,
 (4) advanced level books on the chosen topic,
 (5) proceedings of conferences, workshops, etc.,
 (6) reprint/preprint collections available with the
supervisor and ne
 arby experts working
 on the topic chosen and
 (7) Internet.

21.  Writing a literature review is a creative activity
 “An imaginative approach to searching and
reviewing the literature includes having a
broad view of the topic; being open to new
ideas, methods, and arguments; ‘playing’ with
different ideas to see whether you can make
new linkages; and following ideas to see where
they might lead.” – Bloomberg and Volpe, 2008

22. REFERENCES
 Bloomberg, L.D. and M. Volpe (2008). Completing
your Qualitative Dissertation: A Roadmap from
Beginning to End. Los Angeles: Sage
 Machi, L.E. and B.T. McEvoy ( 2009). The Literature
Review: Six Steps to Success. Thousand Oaks: Corwin
Sage.