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Explore a tragic dam failure and its geotechnical causes
- 1. FOUNDATION ENGINEERING -20CE502 “CASE STUDY OF GEO TECHNICAL FAILURES” CONTENTS :- 1.Types of Dams 2. Dam Failure Criteria 3.Land Slides a)Types b)Causes 4.Case Study of Vajont Dam PRESENTATION BY :- L.VEERA BRAHMAM Y20ACE469 ROLL NO : 98
- 3. TYPES OF DAMS ARCH DAMS BUTTRESS DAM COFFER DAM DIVERSION DAM EMBANKMENT DAM GRAVITY DAM HYDROPOWER DAM
- 7. DIVERSION DAM a dam was constructed to divert the water flow
- 8. EARTHEN DAM Any dam was constructed of excavated natural materiels or industrial wastes
- 9. GRAVITY DAM A dam constructed of concrete and/or masonry, which relies on its weight and internal strength for stability. Hollow gravity dam. A dam constructed of concrete and/or masonry on the outside but having a hollow interior relying on its weight for stability. A gravity dam built up of boxes, crossed timbers, or gabions filled with earth or rock. Roller-compacted concrete dam.
- 10. POSSIBILITIES OF DAM FAILURES :- 1.OVER TOPPING ; caused by water spilling over the top of the dam and general possibility of dam failure ,it is due to 1.inadequate spillway design, 2.blockage of spillways, 3.settlement of the dam at crest, note :- 34% of U.S. dams fails due to this only 2.FOUNDATIONS DEFECTS ; including settlement & slope stability cause about 30% of damfailures 3.CRACKING ; caused by movements like the natural settling of dam 4.INADEQUATE MAINTANANCE & UPKEEP ; 5.PIPING ; when seepage through a dam is not properly filtered & soil particles form sink holes in the dam . Internal erosion caused by this seepage
- 12. LAND SLIDES :- A land slide generally refers to a downhill movement of rock,soil or hill These are 2 types : 1.SHALLOW LAND SLIDES : These are rooted in the layer and offen form slumps along road ways or fast moving debris flows down valleys,these type of land slides are often called mud slides . Shallow land slides also accures as flows ,slides ,rock falls, topples 2.DEEP-SEATED LAND SLIDES: these land slides are rooted in bed rock are often slow moving ,and cover larges areas and devaste infrastructure and housing developments. It is usually occur as translational ,rotational slides or large block slides Deep seated land slides are typically much larger than shallow land slides
- 13. TYPES OF LAND SLIDES :-
- 14. CAUSES OF LAND SLIDES :- These are classified into three…. 1.physical causes 2.natural causes 3.human causes
- 18. VAJONT DAM – CASE STUDY 1.The vajont dam is a disused dam in northern Italy. 2. It is the one of tallest dam in the world. 3.It is located in the valley of vajont river under Monte Toc. 4.It is at a distance of 100km from north Venice City.
- 19. ABOUT VAJONT …. Location – Italy Year of construction – 1956 Type of dam – Arch dam Height – 262 meters Length – 160 meters ( chord length ) Crest width – 3.40 meters Base width – 27 meters Capacity – 1,68,715 thousand meter cubes Turbines – 4 PURPOSE – to provide hydro electricity to the cities Milan ,Turin , Modena. Designed by – Carlo Semenza Owners – ENEL ( National electrical board of Italy ) Operators - SADE
- 20. THE FAILURE … At 10:39 PM on 9th October , 1963. A land slide of 27million cubic meters plunges into the reservoir at a speed of 100 kmph. Water goes over the dam and creating 250 meter tall waves . 2 waves 15 minutes apart around 2000 people were died . Five towns in Italy are destroyed completely.
- 21. The Failure…
- 22. Causes … The dam built in a valley geologically not adequate The height of the dam was increased over safety limit , because the constructors wanted build the biggest dam in the world.. The inhibitants of the towns beneath the dam were not warned of the danger during the day of evening of that unfortunate day..