Interesting PPT on the topic Waste Recycling and Circular Economy by Prof. K. R. Chari, Faculty and Dean – Student Welfare and Support Services, Birla Institute of Management Technology (BIMTECH), Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

1. Waste Recycling and Circular
Economy
Prof. Kumanduri Ranga Chari
Faculty and Dean – Student Welfare
And Support Services
Birla Institute of Management Technology
(BIMTECH)
Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

2. Time to become a Saprophagous for ensuring a Circular Economy
Saprophagous.
Those Living on Dead plants or
Animals: e.g. Vultures, Ants,
Cocroaches etc.
Herbivores: Those Living on Plants and vegetation
Carnivores: Those Living on other animals
Just a curious look at mother nature would explain it all
The three kinds of living species are;
AND

3. Dung beetle or the Fly
Some Insects and animals and birds are great Waste
Management Experts
https://www.agriculture.purdue.edu/agcomm/newscolumns/archives/OSL/2005/November/051110OSL.htm#.WNyi_juG
M2w
They get no respect! But what they eat helps define their
ecological role, which is recycling animal wastes. And, if that role
were not fulfilled, they would certainly be missed. Just like the
corner shop “Raddiwala” or “Kabadi”

4. The word is derived from the Greek ”copros” meaning
"feces" and “phagein, meaning "to
eat". Coprophagy refers to many kinds of feces-
eating, including eating feces of other species
(heterospecifics), of other individuals (allocoprophagy),
or one's own (autocoprophagy)
Some animal species eat feces as a normal behavior;
other species may not normally consume feces but do
so under very unusual conditions.
Ecology is Nature’s Balancing Act or Design
Coprophagia

5. Circular Economy:
An industrial economy that promotes
Greater resource productivity
Aiming to reduce waste and avoid pollution
By design or intention,
and
In which material flows are of two types:
Biological nutrients, designed to re-enter the biosphere safely, and
technical nutrients, which are designed to circulate at high quality in the
production system without entering the biosphere as well as being restorative
and regenerative by design.
This is contrast to a linear economy which is a 'take, make, dispose' model of
production.

6. Someone’s waste is someone else’s food.
Waste does not exist…The biological and technical
components (nutrients) of a product are naturally
designed by intention to fit within a materials
cycle, designed for disassembly and re-purposing.
The biological nutrients are non-toxic and can be
simply composted. Technical nutrients – polymers,
alloys, and other man-made materials are designed
to be used again with minimal energy.

7. www.junkart.in/sell-scrap/online
kabaadi-wala.com

8. Rag Pickers: The unsung Heroes

9. However, they all trade in the areas of scrap or
wastes which are already known to have value for
recycling.

10. How about other bulk wastes, both industrial and
domestic? Like
Vegetable mandi waste, peel offs of vegetables in
vegetable markets, restaurants, homes etc.

11. Cupola Furnace Slag

12. Rice Husk Ash
An environmental
nuisance in Industrial
areas

13. Polyethylene, Plastics of various grades, Non paper
Packing material

14. Spent Coffee,

15. Broken Pottery,

16. Stone dust

17. Tonnes of flowers near temples and in rivers and streams,

18. Deepawali crackers burnt outs

19. Sludges from various treatment plants,

20. AND MANY OTHER
SPENT WASHES,
CHEMICALS,
PROCESS REJECTS,
CUTOUTS ETC.
FROM A HOST OF INDUSTRIES

21. • India 2016-17 rice production expected to be 105
million tonnes harvested from 44 million hectares.
• 103.5 Mill. T. 2015-16
http://www.world-grain.com/articles/news_home/World_Grain_News/2016/08/Indian_rice_production_expecte.aspx?
Rice Milling operation and generation of Rice Husk
Rice milling generates rice husk, mostly captively used as a fuel in the
mill boilers, and also as a fuel for power generation.
About 78 % of weight is received as rice , broken rice and bran.
About 22 % by weight of paddy is Husk (the natural sheath that forms
on rice grains during their growth and it had no commercial value till
late 1980s).

22. The problem area: Generation of Rice Husk Ash
Rice Husk contains about 75 % organic volatile matter
Balance 25 % by weight converted into ash after burning,
Technical name: RHA
RHA is conventionally a great environmental threat
Fineness the main reason: Flies easily even under mild
breeze
Annual genertion of RHA estimated about 5.5 MMT

23. Bahjoi, U.P. Rice husk powder analysis report dated 16.2.2011
sample 'A' sample 'B' sample 'C'
Loss of volatile % material at
900 degree 4.9 6.8 11
Analysis after loss of volatile material
sodium as Na2O 0.15 0.27 1.08
Alumina as Al2O3 1.38 1.15 1.44
Silica as SiO2 91.7 92.8 81.9
Phosphorous as P2O5 0.98 0.94 0.22
Potash as K2O 2.34 1.87 1.47
Calcium as CaO 1.12 1 0.51
Iron as Fe2O3 1.09 0.76 5.79
Chloride as Cl 0.18 0.086 6.14
total % 98.94 98.87 98.55
Above are major constituents after removing volatile material rest are
minor inorganic content.
Sample Chemical Analysis shows Silica a major constituent.

25. Bahjoi (Varshney) Rice
Mills:
Sometimes in 2011

26. PURANPUR: U.P. SEPTEMBER 2017

27. Concrete blocks: Normal River sand and with RHA
Wall Plastering sample and close up of surface finish

28. Other possible uses of Rice Husk Ash
This product can be used in a variety of applications like:
• Green concrete
• High performance concrete
• Refractory/Heat Insulation blocks
• Ceramic glaze
• Heat Insulation blocks
• Roofing shingles
• Waterproofing chemicals
• Oil spill absorbent
• Specialty paints
• Flame retardants
• Carrier for pesticides
• Insecticides and bio fertilizers etc.

29. It is time to find out productive and
value added use of these bulk wastes.
Needs R&D efforts
Can these be CSR activities of the
organisations?
All that has been said is not theory or
dream.
Work is already going ON…. Click Here

30. MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES,
Commitment & employee participation,
WASTE MINIMIZATION OPTIONS available, WASTE
ELIMINATION / MINIMIZATION AT THE POINT OF
GENERATION,
WASTE MINIMIZATION TARGETS,
WASTE MINIMIZATION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION etc.

31. FRAMEWORK FOR WASTE RECYCLING
Producers/Generators of Bulk Waste:
Big generators with captive
availability and Aggregators of small
generators of waste
Characterisation of Waste: To
identify Physical, Chemical,
Biological, Biochemical etc.
components in waste
Laboratories: Industry, CSIR, Commercial
Labs., Engineering colleges, IICT, NPL,
NCL, MSME/MoEF/Sc&Tech.
Brain storming teams to
creatively Identify useful
components and their probable
new and useful applications
Ideation of probable
products and prototype
development
Testing and Performance evaluation:
Study of product such developed, it’s long
term implications and R&D to perfect it
Listing of environmental
impact: Localised impact
and problems faced by
nearby population
Product modification
and Testing
Assessing commercial viability:
Plant Size wise DPR, Techno
Economic Feasibility
State PCBs,
Environmental
groups, NGOs etc.
Prototype
Production facility
New Market Assessment:
Names and Addresses
Identification of
potential entrepreneurs,
Banks, VCs, Fis, Scaling
up and
commercialisation
Replication in similar industry
Assesment of generation of category
wise waste: Study of current
uses/Applications: Assessment of
surplus available: Size of present set
up: Pilot, Bench, Scaling up needed?
A pool of volunteering enterprises to
spare their facilities to try/produce
samples. Environment Conscious
Enterprises”.
Logistics of collection and
distribution: limitaions/
constraints,issues
Sustainability Assesment of
Technology/ies
(UNEP SAT methodology)

32. WHAT ELSE?
HOW ELSE?
WHERE ELSE?
WHEN ELSE?
WHO ELSE?
PURPOSE: What is being achieved?
PERSON: Who is achieving it?
MEANS: How is it being achieved?
SEQUENCE: When is it being achieved?
PLACE: Where is it being achieved?
WHAT SHOULD?
HOW SHOULD?
WHERE SHOULD?
WHEN SHOULD?
WHO SHOULD?
WHY?
THAT ONLY?
THAT WAY ONLY
THERE ONLY?
THEN ONLY AND
HE/SHE ONLY?
The FIVE Friends for Waste Minimisation
WHAT? HOW? WHERE? WHEN? WHO?
ALTERNATIVES