This document discusses different types of solar energy technologies including thermal and photovoltaic systems. It provides details on various solar energy applications such as solar cooking, water heating, electricity generation, drying, and desalination. Specific solar device types are described, such as panel, parabolic, and box cookers as well as solar water heaters and power plants that use concentrating solar and photovoltaics. Large scale examples from India and the US are also mentioned.
1. Asansol Engineering College
Department Of Electrical Engineering
PRESENTATION ON:
PRESENTED BY : AZIZUL ISLAM
ROLL NO: 10801621067
SEMESTER: 6TH SEC: B
POWER SYSTEM-II (PC-EE 601)
2. Solar energy technology
comprises of two distinct categories viz., thermal
energy conversion and photo conversion . Thermal
conversion takes place through direct heating (
solar cooker ,solar water heater etc) .Photo
conversion includes photovoltaic's .
3. (1) Solar cooking
(2) Solar water heating
(3) Solar electricity – thermal
(4) Solar electricity –photo voltaic
(5) Solar drying
(6) Solar desalination
4. Panel type solar cooker
Parabolic type solar
cooker
Box type solar cooker
5. Sunny Day: heats from
130-145 C (265-300 F)
Cloudy Day: heats from
95-105 C (200-220 F)
Hot enough to pasteurize
water (at least 65-70 C for
20 minutes)
Hot enough to fully cook
meats, breads, grains,
vegetables, etc.
Kills disease- causing
bacteria
6. A panel type solar
cooker is a combination of the
box oven and the parabolic
oven, using panels to receive
the heat and direct it to a
separate container where the
food is stored inside a pot or
other cooking vessel. The inner
container is made of glass or
plastic and serves to trap the
heat inside. Panel cookers are
inexpensive to manufacture and
are cheap to assemble.
7. This type of solar cooker is usually
based on a concave disc that focuses
the sun's rays on the bottom of a pot.
This cooker is almost as fast as a
conventional oven because the
concentrated rays of sun reach very
high temperatures.
Parabolic (Dish) shaped solar cooker
cooks food within 15 to 60 minutes.
Food is cooked in Pressure Cooker,
Metal Bowl or in any cooking vessel.
We can boil, roast, bake, fry and dry any
food.
Dish Cooker prepares Lunch and Dinner
for 5 to 15 persons.
Daily regular usage saves 8 to 10 LPG
cylinders per year.
8. Due to the property of parabolic mirror
that all the parallel rays of sunlight
when fall on the parabolic surface it
reflects the light rays towards the focus
Therefore high focus light create high
temperature therefore parabolic solar
cooker take less time to cook food than
box type or panel type solar cooker
But it is not easy to maintain the focus
at food container therefore parabolic
mirror wants to rotate with in every
15min depend on there size
9.
10. Here is an amazing example of successful
use of cost efficient solar thermal energy on
a large scale. In Mount Abu, Rajasthan is
situated the world's largest solar cooker
Established in 1992, the Brahma Kumar's
Department of Renewable Energy is based
at the University's Headquarters in Mount
Abu. The solar reflectors in the cooker
produce steam which used to cook
vegetables and rice for up to 18 000 people.
The steam can reach temperatures of 650
degrees Celsius at the focal point of the
reflector, hot enough to cook food in massive
industrial pots of 200 and 400 liters. On days
of peak solar radiation the system can
apparently cope with 38,500 meals per day .
The Brahmakumari's organization has spent
$5 million on this project.
11. A Solar water heater consist of flat
plate collector or evacuated tube
collector. Atypical collector consist of
blackened metal plate absorber
containing metal pipes for removal of
water and this pipe is covered with
insulation box and transparent glass
the collector absorb solar radiation and
transfer heat to the circulating water
storage tank usually lies on above the
collector so there is no of pump for
water circulation
A 3-4sqm solar collector can provide
200-300 liters of hot water at about
60degC
12. · The solar power tower, also known as 'central tower' power
plants or ‘heliostat' power plants or power towers, is a
type of solar furnace using a tower to receive the focused
sunlight. It uses an array of flat, movable mirrors (called
heliostats) to focus the sun's rays upon a collector tower
(the target). Concentrated solar thermal is seen as one
viable solution for renewable, pollution free energy.
· Early designs used these focused rays to heat water, and
used the resulting steam to power a turbine. Newer
designs using liquid sodium have been demonstrated, and
systems using molten salts (40% potassium nitrate,
60% sodium nitrate) as the working fluids are now in
operation. These working fluids have high heat capacity,
which can be used to store the energy before using it to
boil water to drive turbines. These designs also allow
power to be generated when the sun is not shining.
13. Greenhouse Gases – 5 MW of clean solar
power generation will offset more than
7,000 tons of CO2 each year.
Southern California Homes – Sierra Sun
Tower will produce 5 MW of electricity
powering up to 4,000 homes.
Steam temperature 440 C
Steam pressure 60 bar
24,000 mirrors reflecting the power of
20,000 suns
5 MW of clean, renewable energy supplied
to 4,000 Southern California Edison
households through a power purchase
agreement
14. Collectors in southern CA
Because they work best under direct sunlight, parabolic dishes and
troughs must be steered throughout the day in the direction of the
sun.
15. Sunlight can be
converted directly into electricity
using photovoltaic's(PV), or
indirectly with concentrated solar
power (CSP), which normally
focuses the sun's energy to boil
water which is then used to provide
power. Other technologies also
exist, such as Sterling
engine dishes which use a Sterling
cycle engine to power a generator.
Photovoltaic's were initially used to
power small and medium-sized
applications, from
the calculator powered by a single
solar cell to off-grid homes powered
by a photovoltaic array.
16. The Nellis solar power system,
completed in December of 2007, is
America's largest solar photovoltaic
array. The plant will generate
more than 30 million kilowatt-hours
(kWh) of clean electricity annually and
supply approximately 25% of the total
power used at the base, where 12,000
people live and work.
The system covers 140 acres of
land at Nellis AFB, 33 acres of which
are a capped landfill which has been
reused for this "green" energy project.
The array is made from over 72,000
solar panels which track the sun to
maximize the solar renewable energy
we can receive.
It will reduce carbon emissions by
24,000 tons annually.
17. Photovoltaic module installed inclination should be guaranteed to
receive the maximum sunlight exposure, in normal circumstances
components and the horizontal direction for the local latitude ± 5 °to
10 °. That is, when the reduction in the summer, when the increase in
the winter. If a fixed angle brackets, the use of local latitude tilt angle.
For example, the city of Shantou to 23.42 °latitude.
