12. Practice
A Change the infinitive without to of these verbs into the
correct present simple form with it.
1 play it ptoijS 2 do
4 fix
7 teach
10 wash
5
8
miss
think
3
6
9
enjoy
say
try
B Complete these facts about Egypt. Use the correct
present simple forms ofthe verbs in the box.
buy come have have live show study visit
1 Egypt fi&5 a population of around 80 million.
2 17 million people in Cairo.
3 The name 'Egypt' from the Greek word
Egyptos.
4 Around 6,000,000 tourists Egypt every year.
5 Every tourist presents from a night market.
6 Egypt about 100 pyramids.
7 Tourist guides people the pyramids of Giza.
8 An egyptologist is a person who Egyptian
history from a long time ago.
C Complete Layla's letter using the correct present
simple forms of the verbs in brackets.
Every morning 1 1
Wiki (make)
breakfast for my brother and me.
I 2
(walk) to school with my
brother. We3
(see) the same two
girls. They always4
(say) 'hello'.
1 5
(feel) lonely sometimes, but I
really like my new school. The school
6
(have) a very good library.
My brother ' (go) to primary
school. He always8
(wear) his
old red coat. My mother9
(go) to
work early in the morning. She 1 0
(work) very hard.
Thank you for the card. You1 1
(write) very good letters.
Write again soon!
Love, Layla
about your school morning.
Every morning I (vave breakfast with ituj famitij.
I always
You never
My teacher
The school
My friends sometimes
We
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
| Circle the correct option.
I 1 to the shops. a They walks b She walk c He walks
2 Layla's mum by bus. a go b gos c goes
3 in Cairo. a It never rains b It never rain c It's never rain
4 big brown eyes. a Layla have b Layla haves c Layla has
5 Her mum English. a study b studys c studies
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Present simple 1 11
13. 4 Present simple 2: negatives and questions
Do you like zoos?
n o n
c v
Do you (ike zoos?
Do you think zoos are a good idea?
Welcome t o A n i m a l W o r l d Park i n C a l i f o r n i a , USA.
The p a r k i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m o t h e r zoos. We h e l p a n i m a l s
i n d a n g e r . When i t i s p o s s i b l e , we r e t u r n young
a n i m a l s t o t h e i r homes.
We have more t h a n 30 g o r i l l a s
i n t h e p a r k . A m o t h e r g o r i l l a
d o e s n ' t have many b a b i e s . A baby-
g o r i l l a s t a y s w i t h i t s m o t h e r f o r
t h r e e y e a r s .
You o f t e n f i n d c o l o b u s monkeys i n
zoos. They a r e i n danger because
t h e y have b e a u t i f u l f u r . Young
c o l o b u s monkeys d o n ' t have b l a c k
and w h i t e f u r - t h e i r f u r i s
w h i t e .
atotot money.
m
Find t h e n a m e s o f t h e animals in t h e p h o t o s .
Xa>|uoui snqo]03 e pile B||uo8 E :J9MSUV
Present simple 2: negatives and
questions
1 To make negative f o r m s in t h e present simple, use don't
and doesn't + t h e infinitive f o r m w i t h o u t to o f t h e verb.
They don't have black and white fur.
A mother gorilla doesn't have many babies.
negative X
1/ You / W e /They do n o t (don't) believe
H e / S h e / I t does n o t (doesn't) believe
2 To make a question, use do or does in f r o n t o f the subject.
Do you like zoos ?
Does the park cost a lot of money?
3 Use do or does in t h e affirmative short answer and don't
or doesn't in t h e negative short answer.
Yes, I do.
No, he doesn't.
There is no -s on t h e main verb after does or doesn't.
She doesn't think... N O T She doesn't thinks...
Does she know? N O T Does she knows ?
question ? short answer / X
D o 1 / you / we / t h e y like...? Yes, (1) do.
No, (1) don't.
Does he / she / i t like...? Yes, (he) does.
No, (he) doesn't.
1 2
14. PracticeA Underline the correct o p t i o n .
1 I don't know /doesn't know the answer.
2 Most trees don't grow/doesn't grow very quickly.
3 Do/Does Sara understand this?
4 Do/Does you want t o talk about it?
5 The price don't include/doesn't include service.
6 I don't think/doesn't think he's very nice.
7 We don't see/doesn't see our grandparents very often.
8 They don't live/doesn't live very near.
B Complete the t e x t about black rhinos using t h e correct
present simple f o r m s o f t h e verbs in brackets.
W e 1
WW (have) a large number o f rhinos
living here. Black r h i n o s 2
(not live) in
groups. T h e y 3
(prefer) t o live alone.
Black rhinos are in danger because o f their horns. People
4
(use) the
horns as medicine.
A mother black rhino
5
(not have)
many babies. A baby
6
(stay) w i t h
its mother for three t o four
years. The mother rhino
7
(not stay) w i t h the father.
Rhinos 8
(not fight) w i t h other animals in
the park. In fact, they are friendly animals.
C Make present simple questions f r o m t h e words, t h e n
answer the questions in your n o t e b o o k using short
answers.
1 a mechanic / fix cars
Dees a mechanic {i£ cars?
2 y o u / w o r k at the weekend
Oojoa worfc. attkt, wukudL
3 a vet / look after animals
4 zoo keepers/work in shops
5 a young colobus monkey / have white fur
6 w e / g o t o school on Sundays
7 nurses / work in a hospital
8 y o u / d o sport in the evening
D Read part o f an i n t e r v i e w w i t h a gorilla keeper.
C o m p l e t e her answers, using t h e verbs in t h e box.
not eat not fight got up not go home
have not look after love
have
1 Yes, I tyt U.p at 6.30 every morning.
2 Yes, but they bananas all the time. They
like a lot o f other fruit, too.
3 The gorillas in the park are all friends. They
4 Yes, it does. The park more than 50 gorillas.
5 Yes, they do. We a baby gorilla in the park
at the moment.
6 Yes, but sometimes a mother
her baby. Then we help the baby.
7 Yes, I give the baby milk every four hours, day and
night. I in the evening. I sleep at the park.
8 I my j o b ! No day is the same!
mum
J W h a t did t h e i n t e r v i e w e r ask? M a k e present simple
questions using t h e w o r d s in brackets and w r i t e t h e m
in your n o t e b o o k .
1 PojSMfct ap earUjf* (early)
2 ? (bananas)
3 ? (fight)
4 ?(a lot o f gorillas)
5
6
7
8
?(have babies)
? (stay w i t h its mother]
? (drink milk)
'(like)
N o w t h i n k o f at least three more present simple questions
f o r t h e gorilla keeper and w r i t e t h e m in your notebook.
B: No, I don't,
c Do you want
c doesn't visit
Circle t h e correct o p t i o n .
1 A: t o go t o the zoo?
a You wants b W a n t you
2 We zoos very often,
a aren't visit b don't visit
3 M y sister zoos.
a doesn't like b doesn't likes c don't like
4 She says the animals a very happy life,
a not have b doesn't have c don't have
5 A: Do the rhinos fight w i t h other animals?
B:No,
a doesn't they b it doesn't c they don't
' . V S O T W S V V V W W W
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Present s i m p l e 2 1 3
15. O W h o is ill? a Mark b Monica c Nicole
Mark: Hi, Monica. Are youlookingfor Nicole'
„ i f Y« ,ve'rewairingforherartheparry.
iark: No, she isn't. She's lyingon the »
Monica: Areyou seriousEveryone's arriving now.
Mark: She isn't feeling well.
M o ^ ^ a s ^ e ^ ^ X
plavinghis new gmtar and some peop
'strange g ^ B i a ^ i . ^ ^ ^ ^
yellow dress and a green hat. Shes... a y
Mark: Wait a minute... Nicole is coming now .J
Seeyou there, Monica.
:j3Msuy
Present continuous
1 The present continuous describes
a t e m p o r a r y activity in progress
at o r around now.
She is lying on the sofa now.
present future
I'm reading this book at the
moment.
Mark is speaking on the phone.
Are you listening?
2 M a k e present continuous
statements w i t h am / is / are +
-ing form o f t h e verb.
/ am watching TV.
Monica is washing her hair.
We are drinking coffee.
3 M a k e negatives, questions and
short f o r m s like this:
/ am not watching TV.
Is Monica washing her hair?
A: Are they drinking coffee?
B: Yes, they are.
statement / negative X
1 a m ('m) w o r k i n g 1 am n o t f m not) w o r k i n g
You / W e / They are ('re) w o r k i n g You / W e / They are n o t (aren't / 're not) working
He / She / It is fs) w o r k i n g He / She / It is n o t (isn't /'s not) w o r k i n g
question ? short answer / X
A m 1 working? Yes, 1 am.
No, 1 a m n o t f m not).
A r e you / we / they working? Yes, (you) are.
No, (you) are n o t (aren't / 're not).
Is he / she / it working? Yes, (he) is.
No, (he) is n o t (isn't /'s not).
I f a verb ends in -e, d r o p t h e -e.
dance -* People are dancing. NOT... danccing
I f a verb ends in one v o w e l and one consonant, double t h e consonant.
stop The train is stopping. NOT... stoping
• See page 182 for more spelling rules.
• See Units 6 and 18 for more information on the present continuous.
1 4
16. PracticeA Underline t h e correct o p t i o n .
1 She is walking/are walking down t h e street.
2 People is singing/are singing t o o loudly.
3 We isn't waiting/aren't waiting in the right place.
4 I am running/is running because I'm late.
5 Hello? Are I speaking/Am I speaking t o Lucy?
6 The guests is not enjoying /are not enjoying the party
much.
7 At the moment I am living/are living w i t h my friend.
8 /s that boy smiling/Are that boy smiling at me?
B Complete the sentences using t h e present continuous
of the verbs in brackets.
1 It's raining. (rain)
2 The baby is not crijituj now. (not cry)
3 We our holiday, (plan)
4 I t o school, (walk)
5 They very fast, (not run)
6 The cat some milk, (drink)
7 I a good time, (not have)
8 He a computer upstairs, (carry)
9 She hard today, (not work)
C Complete the telephone conversation using t h e present
continuous o f t h e verbs in brackets. Some are negatives
or questions.
'Hello, Dad. Yes, I'm still at the party. What's happening?
Well, everyone 1
i ddhdh^ (dance) but I2
(sit) on the sofa. Geoff (tell) some friends
about his holiday and he4
(show) t h e m the
pictures. Diego and Bianca5
(look) at t h e
pictures because they think they are boring. W h a t ? O h ,
that's Helen. S h e 6
(shout), she just speaks
very loudly. I'm glad she7
(sing) - she is a
terrible singer! Wait... Nicole 8
(come) in t h e
door. She looks O K now. Everyone 9
(smile).
Anyway, what about you, Dad? 1 0
(do)
anything interesting? I see. Great, t h e y 1 1
(bring) the food. I'm hungry! I'll phone later. Bye.'
D C o m p l e t e t h e sentences using t h e present continuous o f
t h e verbs in t h e box. Some are negatives or questions.
carry feel play stay study
talk t r y watch wear write
1
2
3
5
6
flrejjoa watcfvuuj this film?
I very well.
A: Be quiet! W e t o listen t o the radio!
B: Sorry.
A: M y team are losing again!
B: They very well this season.
Sarah, my red dress?
A: Where's Robert?
B: He a letter.
7 A: y o u
anything dangerous w i t h you, Sir?
B: No, there's nothing dangerous in my suitcase.
8 Everyone about her purple hair.
9 Alice
Economics at university?
10 A: Can I phone you at the hotel?
B: No, I there.
/ book using shortA n s w e r t h e questions in y o u r n o t e b o o k using short
answers.
1 Is it raining? 2 Are you watching TV?
Yes, i t is. Klo, I'm. w t .
3 Are you wearing jeans?
4 Are any o f your friends sitting near you?
5 Are you feeling hungry?
6 Is your mobile phone ringing?
7 Are you w r i t i n g this w i t h a black pen?
8 Is your watch / the clock showing the right time?
9 Are you listening t o any music?
| Circle the correct o p t i o n .
1 well, so I want t o stay in bed. a I amn't feeling b I aren't feeling
2 A: the guitar? B:Yes, he is. a Is Diego playing b Diego is playing
3 Everyone at the party a aredanceing b dancing c is dancing
4 A: Is Bianca wearing a yellow dress? B:Yes, a she wears b she are
5 Mark t o Monica. a isn't listening b not listening c don't listen
c I'm not feeling
c Is playing Diego
c she is
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Present c o n t i n u o u s 1 5
17. 6 Present continuous and present simple
I'm walking -1 don't have a car.
Good. I never d r i v e in " '
Paris. The traffic is terrible.
ine the correct option: Paris is a bad / good place for cars.
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Present continuous and present
simple
1 Use t h e present simple t o t a l k or ask a b o u t
things t h a t are always or usually t r u e .
Do you speak English ?
We don't have a car.
2 Use t h e present simple t o t a l k or ask a b o u t
regular or repeated events and habits.
Sandra phones her mother every day.
Do you drink coffee in the morning?
3 W e o f t e n use t h e present simple w i t h adverbs
o f frequency [always, never, sometimes, etc.).
It never snows here in summer.
I sometimes dream about you.
4 Use t h e present continuous t o describe an
activity in progress n o w / around now, or an
unfinished activity.
Are you reading this page. (= now)
They are building a shopping centre. (= it is
not finished yet)
5 W e rarely use t h e present continuous f o r
verbs which are about states, n o t actions,
e.g. believe, know, like, love, need, seem,
understand, want. See U n i t 39.
/ know English. N O T I'm knowing...
Do you need a pen?NOT Are you needing... ?
present simple present continuous
He usually walks t o work. He's w a l k i n g t o work today.
It doesn't rain on the moon. It isn't raining at the moment.
D o you ever read comics? She's reading a comic now.
1 have t w o brothers. I'm having a shower.
Charles plays the piano. Charles isn't at home. He's
playing in a concert.
A: W h a t do you do?
B: I'm a taxi driver.
A: W h a t are you doing?
B: I'm d r i v i n g to the airport.
The present simple is much m o r e c o m m o n t h a n t h e
present continuous, and in most cases you should use
t h e present simple.
/ think it's nice. N O T I'm thinking...
She is Turkish and she comes from Istanbul.
NOT... she's coming...
• See Units 3 and 5 for more information on the
present simple and present continuous.
1 6
18. PracticeA Underline the correct o p t i o n .
1 They play/are playing rugby twice a week.
2 Are you having / Do you have breakfast every morning?
3 It snows/is snowing so we can't go skiing.
4 Your guide speaks/is speaking three languages.
5 We don't know/aren't knowing the way.
6 The DJ plays/is playing my favourite song.
7 Do you like /Are you liking the food?
8 'mnot laughing /don't laugh, I'm crying / cry.
D C o m p l e t e this postcard w i t h t h e
present simple or present continuous
o f t h e verbs in brackets.
B Match the pairs.
She speaks French w e l l ^ ^ a
She is speaking F r e n c h - ^ ^ b
It rains a lot a
It's raining a lot b
She always has lunch a
She's having lunch b
because the tourist doesn't know Italian,
because her mother is f r o m Paris.
in Mozambique,
and I'm wet.
- please phone later,
at school.
7 A: Do you buy computer a B: Yes, I'm in the shop.
Hi, Rita,
1 1
fc.M*M$ (have) a lovely time in
Manchester. The weather is nice and warm today,
"the sun (shine) and everyone
(wear) T-shirts. Our teacher
is great. He 4
(come) from
Manchester t o o but he5
(not speak) English with an accent. We
(study) three hours in the
morning and 7
(go) on excursions
in the afternoon. Now 1 8
(sit) in
a cafe on King Street. 1 9
(not
think) a king r e a l l y 1 0
(live) here!
How are y o u ? 1 1
(work)
this summer? Write soon.
Love, Julio
9
10
games?
A: Are you buying a
computer game?
I don't work.
I'm not working.
11 A: What is she doing?
12 A: What does she do?
b B: No, I download them
from the Internet.
a It's Sunday,
b I'm a student.
a B: She's reading,
b B: She's a student.
C Complete the dialogues using t h e verbs in t h e box in t h e present
simple or present continuous. Some are negatives or questions.
agree carry know need rain understand wait wear
/—H3BYou are on holiday. In your notebook,
w r i t e a t e x t message t o your friend.
Describe w h a t you are doing and w h a t you
are wearing. Tell your f r i e n d w h a t you do
every day and w h a t you like / don't like.
Example: I'm tijwuj bij t(ve poet, I swim every ctotj.
1 A: I <font utuierstaiui these instructions.
B: Why not? They look clear t o me.
2 A: London is a very expensive city.
B: Yes, I w i t h you.
3 A: you any help?
B: No, I'm OK, thanks.
4 A: She a coat.
B: That's strange - it's very cold today.
5 A: 1 hey a piano up the stairs.
B: Help them - it's very heavy.
6 A: Where is the History Museum?
B: Sorry, I
7 A: Terry for me?
B: Yes-you're late.
8 A: It's a lovely day for a picnic.
B: We're lucky that it
* 5
Circle t h e correct o p t i o n .
1 The tourist f o r the Eiffel Tower,
a is looking b look c are looking
2 He has a map, but he it.
a isn't understanding b doesn't understand
c isn't understand
3 A: a car? B: Yes, but I never drive in Paris.
a Are you have b Do you have
c Are you having
4 W h e n we are in Paris, we always by
metro.
a are go b are going c go
5 It is often sunny in Paris, but today it
a are rain b is raining c rains
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Present c o n t i n u o u s and present s i m p l e 1 7
19. 7 Imperatives
Stay calm!
below is for US teenagers.
Inside
C^Stay calm!
V
• An earthquake
1 in California
H
H Underline the correct option:
9 A large earthquake is possible
1 / not possible in California.
aiqissod jaMsuy
Stay inside.
Sit under a table or stand against a wall.
Don't stand near doors or windows.
Never take an elevator.
Outside
Always stay where you are. Don't run inside.
Find a clear place away from buildings and trees
Lie down on the ground until the earthquake stops
In acar
Slow down and stop the car in a clear place.
Don't stop on a bridge.
Stay inside the car until the earthquake stops.
ImperativesUse imperatives for:
- instructions
Answer the questions.
- advice
Stay inside the car.
- orders
Be quiet!
- invitations
Come in and have a coffee.
- requests
Please put your bag over there.
Requests with imperatives often sound not very polite to English
speakers, even if you add 'please'. It's better to use other structures, e.g:
Could you put your bag over there?
Would you mind putting your bag over there ?
• See Unit 21 for the use o f can and could for requests.
2 Use the infinitive without to for imperatives. There is usually no subject.
Lie down on the ground. N O T You lie down on the ground-.
3 Make negatives by adding don't (do not) in front.
Don't I Do not stand near windows.
4 Always and never can be used at the beginning of the imperative phrase.
Never take an elevator.
Always stay where you are.
1 8
20. A What do you do i f there is a fire in t h e home?
Underline the correct o p t i o n .
1 Panic! /Don't panic!
2 Leave/Don't leave the house quickly.
3 Take time/Don't take time t o collect your things.
4 Close/Don't close all doors behind you.
5 If a door is hot, open/don't open it. Go t o the window.
6 Go back/Don't go back inside.
7 Phone/Don't phone the fire fighters.
B Complete the dialogues w i t h t h e imperative o r
negative imperative f o r m s o f t h e verbs in t h e box.
forget go shopping have pick up put take
turn left turn down worry
1 A:
B:
2 A:
3 A:
B:
4 A:
5 A:
B:
6 A:
B:
7 A:
B:
8 A
B:
Turn that music &W!
I can't hear you. The music's t o o loud!
It's my exam today.
It'll be OK.
I feel really bored. W h a t can I do?
! That's what I do when
I'm bored!
Please your feet on the
seat.
Sorry.
These cakes are lovely.
t w o !
I'm ready t o go now.
a great holiday!
t o send a postcard.
Look at that snake! Can I take it home?
No! Never a snake!
This is the road now!
What did you say?
You are visiting a friend this weekend. Complete
your friend's advice with an appropriate verb in the
imperative or negative imperative.
1 yO t o bed early tonight.
2 late. The train always
leaves on time.
3 The station is always busy.
your ticket before you come.
4 a sandwich on the
train - they're very expensive.
5 The train arrives at platform 2
down the stairs and out o f
the main entrance.
6 left and
t o the car park.
7 in the car park. I'll
meet you there.
Give some advice to tourists. W r i t e three imperative
sentences and three negative imperative sentences in
your notebook.
Examples:
Srifuj a buj coat,
Dont drive into tfve centre,
mm m • • '
• • • • • |
Circle the correct o p t i o n .
1 ! It's 8 o'clock and you're late. a You get up b Gets up c Get up
2 A: Can I go to a party tonight, M u m ? B: OK, but please noisy when you come home.
a you aren't b be not c don't be
3 across the road. a Don't never run b Never run c Don't running
| 4 A: Excuse me? Where is the toilet? B: up these stairs and turn left. It's there.
a Go b Going c You going
I 5 A: Sorry. I can't help you today. I'm very busy. B: a Don't worry b Don't be worry c Doesn't worry
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ J
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Imperatives 1 9
21. -J^ J Review: present simple and present
continuous
A C o m p l e t e t h e sentences w i t h t h e correct f o r m o f t h e verb.
Be careful w i t h spelling.
1 M y sister ploys (play) tennis every week and
always watckes (watch) tennis matches on TV.
2 Look at that cat! It (run) very fast. I think
it (try) t o catch that bird.
3 M y uncle (work) in a factory. He
(fix) broken computers.
4 The baby (cry) again. She always
(cry) when she's hungry.
5 Look! Everyone (have) a great t i m e at
the party. Some people are (dance), and
some (chat).
6 Mark usually (study) very hard f o r exams,
but he (not study) tonight.
He (make) a model.
7 Alice really (not want) her yoga course t o
end. She (say) it's great.
8 Daniel (have) an easy life. He just
(relax) all day and (go)
t o parties at night.
B Underline t h e correct o p t i o n .
Chris:
Sue:
Chris:
Sue:
Chris:
Sue:
Chris:
Sue:
Chris:
Sue:
Chris:
Hello?
Hi Chris. It's Sue. l
Are/
Do you at home?
No, 2
l'm not/I don't.
I'm at school. W h y ?
3
Are I Do you have my
Biology book?
Your Biology book? I
think I have it but 4
l'm
not 1I don't remember where. Just a moment... no, i t
5
isn't/doesn't in my bag.
6
/s/does it on your desk at home?
Ah, yes. Sorry.7
Are/Do you need it?
Yes, I do. W e have a big Biology test tomorrow. 8
l'm
not/1 don't understand Biology, so I need t o study.
No, you 9
aren't/don't. Mrs Williams 1 0
isn't/doesn't
at school this week. She's ill.
Really?
Yes. So the test ^isn't/doesn't tomorrow. It's next
Thursday. You 12
aren't/don't need t o study tonight.
C Change t h e statements i n t o negatives and t h e
negatives i n t o statements.
1 I'm very good at sports, but I don't like
watching sport on TV.
I'm. not wnjjoo4 at sports, but I tiU
watching sport on TV.
2 M y brother plays the guitar, but he isn't very
good at singing.
3 W e are very happy. O u r team is winning.
4 Ann and Robert like London and they're
planning t o stay there.
5 Lucy is very good at dancing.
We enjoy her shows.
6 Marcus is playing a computer game at the
moment. He plays computer games every
night.
7 That song is very good. I want t o listen t o it
again.
8 Tony doesn't eat hamburgers. He doesn't eat a
lot o f meat.
9 Joanna has a swimming competition next week,
so she is practising very hard today.
10 I don't go t o school by bus - I walk. So I don't
have time t o read magazines on the way.
2 0
22. D Complete t h e email w i t h t h e present simple o r t h e present continuous o f t h e verbs in brackets.
e e e
0 s I I a Q
Delete Reply Reply All Forward Print
Hi Luis
Thanks for your email. I'm really pleased that you 1
k « J J « j U $ (enjoy) your English course in the UK.
2 (your English / get) better?
We're all fine here - as always. I 5
(not / have) much free time at the moment.
14 (practise) hard for the tennis competition - only three w e e k s to go and I'm really nervous
about it. I really 5
( w a n t ) to win the competition this year. Brian 6
(think) I'm
playing well, but 1 7
(not think) I a m .
s (you / r e m e m b e r ) my 'baby sister' Maria? Well, can you believe she s 13 now?
We
9
ZIIIIII (still / think) of her as a little child, but she's very grown-up now. S h e
io (learn) to play the violin, and she's already quite good. S h e 1 1
(play) right
now, while 1 1 2
(write) this email.
Right, time to stop writing. I have loads of work to do! S e e you soon.
Angela
E Cross out all t h e w r o n g options.
1 Carl work/works very hard most days, but he don't/
doesn't work/works at the weekend. He relax/relaxes.
2 My cat sleep/sleeps all day and go/goes o u t all night.
She never catch/catches birds - she's t o o slow.
3 A: Do/Does Caroline go/goes t o your school?
B: No, she don't/doesn't. She go /goes t o a private
school in the city.
4 Sam and Leo play/plays tennis every week, but Sam
never win/wins. Leo always beat/beats him.
5 A: Do/Does you know/knows Frances?
B: Maybe. Do/Does she have/has long blonde hair?
A: Yes, she do/does.
We always visit/visits our grandmother in the winter.
She live/lives on a farm.
It don't/doesn't snow/snows very often here, but
sometimes it rain/rains non-stop f o r weeks. I don't/
doesn't like/likes it.
A: Do/Does Stuart and Paula like/likes dancing?
B: Well, Stuart love/loves dancing, but Paula don't/
doesn't enjoy/enjoys it.
A: Do/Does your computer stop/stops very often?
B: Yes, it do/does. I want/wants t o buy a new one.
F What do the people say in these situations? C o m p l e t e t h e sentences w i t h
the imperative or negative imperative o f t h e w o r d s in t h e box.
be late be quiet bring come drink go out look at touch wait wash
1 It is lunchtime. W h a t do you say t o your young sister?
(dash your hands before you eat.
2 Your young sister wants t o help w i t h the cooking.
What do you say?
the pot - it's hot!
3 You are sitting in the exam room. Everyone is talking
before the exam. W h a t does the teacher say?
Please
4 A student is trying t o see his friend's answers. W h a t
does the teacher say?
your friend's work.
5 You receive an invitation t o a friend's party. W h a t
does the invitation say?
t o my party on Saturday.
6 Your friend wants everyone at the party on time.
W h a t does the invitation say?
The party starts at 8 - !
7 If you enter Australia, there are some things you can't
have w i t h you. W h a t does the sign in the airport say?
fresh fruit into the country.
8 You need t o show your passport at the airport. There
are a lot o f people there. W h a t does the sign say?
Please here.
9 You are ill. W h a t does the doctor say?
Stay at home -
10 The doctor wants you t o have more water. W h a t does
he say?
three glasses o f water every day.
R e v i e w 1 2 1
23. 8 Past simple 1:was/ were
He was a popular hero.
Robin
is a famous hero. He is
the subject of stories and I
films. But was
he a real man?
Nobody knows. In the film, Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves,
Robin was rich - but this probably wasn't true. We know that he
was a popular hero in the 13th century. It's possible the real man
was born before then.
^ o w w c t t t c M e m M e n ?
Little John and Will Scarlet were famous Merry
Men. Robin Hood was the leader of this group of
men (and women).
m w e r e R O D i n f l o o f l a n u B i s M e m
M e n i a m o m ? .
They were famous for robbing rich people.
But Robin Hood and his Merry Men weren't
robbers - the money was for poor people.
Complete this sentence: There are many about Robin Hood.
mum
Past simple 1: was / were
1 Was is the past of am and is.
He was the leader.
Was I asleep?
Who was Robin Hood?
2 Were is the past o f are.
They were famous for robbing rich people.
Were you there?
Who were the Merry Men ?
3 Use wasn't (was not) and weren't (were not) for the
negative.
This wasn't true.
They weren't robbers.
statement / negative A
1 / H e / S h e / I t was was not (wasn't)
Y o u / W e / T h e y were were not (weren't)
4 Make questions and short answers as follows:
question ? short answer / X
W a s 1 / he / she / it a robber? Yes, (he) was.
No, (he) wasn't.
Were you / we / they famous? Yes, (they) were.
No, (they) weren't.
W h o was he?
W h e r e were you?
was I were born
Shakespeare was born in 1564
and died in 1616.
2 2
24. PracticeA Complete the sentences using was, wasn't, were or
weren't.
1 Chiara and her sister were here a m o m e n t ago.
2 It a holiday last week and w e
at my uncle's house. M y cousins
at home, so it was quiet.
3 A: You're here at last! I worried about you.
B:The train late.
4 A: it a good film?
B: No, it It the worst film
of the summer!
5 A: Ben at football practice on Monday?
B: No, he ! And where you?
6 A: your parents angry?
B: No, they
B Robin Hood's enemy, the Sheriff o f Nottingham, is
asking him some questions.
Complete the questions and the short answers.
Sheriff:
Robin:
Sheriff:
Robin:
Sheriff:
Robin:
Sheriff:
Robin:
Sheriff:
Robin:
Sheriff:
Robin:
W h e r e 1
were^OU born?
I'm not telling you!
Were you at home yesterday?
No, 1 2
Were you w i t h your friends?
The Merry Men? Yes, 1 3
4
in the forest?
No, we 5
Where 6
yesterday?
W e ' in your castle!
Where's my money?
I'm not telling you!
C Complete the sentences using wasn't or weren't and an
appropriate adjective from the box. Sometimes more
than one answer is possible.
afraid clean friendly h o t hungry
in a hurry very big
1 The town was pretty but it wasn't venj by
2 The restaurant was nice but I
3 The food was good but the waiters
4 The dog was very big, but the children
5 The weather was sunny but i t
6 The beach was great but it
7 The hotel was nice but the rooms
8 The shop was busy but w e
D Complete the text with is, are, was,
were, wasn't or weren't.
Sherwood Forest1
was home
for Robin Hood and his Merry
Men. In the 13th century the
f o r e s t 2
a safe place for
most people, but Robin and his
f r i e n d s 3
happy there.
Their home4
a camp
near a large tree. Today the forest
5
a popular place for tourists
t o visit, and the tree6
still there.
Some people say that Robin Hood and Maid Marian
7
lovers. In fact, Robin8
already married!
But do you prefer t o believe the stories? Then you can still
see St Mary's Church where they9
married.
St Mary's Church and Sherwood F o r e s t 1 0
near the
city o f Nottingham in the centre o f England.
MV TURN!
In your notebook, write sentences using was, were,
wasn't and weren't about a place you have visited.
I we i t the t o w n the streets the shops
the weather the people
Example: (Oe visited 6at(i. Tfietownwas beautiful
I 3
Circle t h e correct o p t i o n .
1 A: Where all yesterday evening?
B: A t the cinema.
a were you b was you c you were
2 The film very good, but Kevin Costner
was excellent.
a wasn't b were not c weren't
Both Shakespeare and Galileo in 1564.
a were born b was born c are born
A: M u m , where born?
B: In Nottingham,
a I was b were I c was I
A: Were the Merry Men very rich?
B:No,
a they weren't b were not c they wasn't
eg at E£ ez e x : S J 3 M S U E
i l s s
l
Past s i m p l e 1 2 3
25. 9 Past simple 2: regular past forms
She lived in a tree.
[ a i l
I criminal iWe asked
Julia, 'Why did you decide to do it?'Julia replied,
'It seemed the right thing to do. They didn't need
to cut the tree down. I told them not to do it but
they didn't listen to me. I believed I was right.'
O Underline the correct option: Julia lives / doesn't live in a tree today.
Past simple 2: regular past forms
1 Use t h e past simple f o r past actions, states and general t r u t h s .
/ phoned Julia yesterday.
Did you stay at the party long last night?
Once people didn't believe the world was round.
2 The past t i m e could be recent or distant.
We finished one minute ago.
past present future
The Chinese invented paper.
A d d -ed t o make t h e past simple (regular) f o r all persons. Use did not
and t h e infinitive w i t h o u t to t o make t h e negative and use did t o make
a question. W e usually say and w r i t e didn't instead o f did not in
informal situations, e.g. an email t o a f r i e n d .
statement / negative X
I / Y o u / H e / S h e / I t / W e / T h e y s t a r t e d did n o t (didn't) start
question ? short answer / /
D i d 1 / you / he / she / it / we / they start? Yes, (1) did.
No, (1) did not (didn't).
9A|i ^usaop :J9Msuy
4 Past t i m e expressions, e.g. yesterday,
last (night / week /year), (a few minutes
/two months /10 years) ago, are
sometimes used w i t h the past simple.
She didn't arrive yesterday.
Did you clean the car last weekend?
Colombus discovered America 500
years ago.
S p e l l i n g
W h e n a verb ends in -e, add -d.
die -> died
love -> loved
W h e n a verb ends in a consonant (b, t, m,
etc.) and -y, delete t h e -y and add -led.
copy -» copied
try -* tried
W h e n a verb ends in a single v o w e l (a, e,
i, o, u) and a single consonant, double the
last consonant.
stop -» stopped
prefer -» preferred
• Seepage 182 for more spelling rules.
2 4
26. Practice
A What was Margaret's life like in 1970 w h e n she was
young? W r i t e past simple statements (/) and negatives
(X) using the i n f o r m a t i o n below.
1 / w o r k in a shop 1 Ski worked in. a sksp.
2 X like her j o b 2 She didnHike her job,
3 / l i v e in a flat 3
4 X want a house 4
5 / prefer flats 5
6 X watch TV much 6
7 / enjoy dancing 7
8 / dance the Salsa 8
9 / learn Spanish 9
10 X stay at home much 10
MV TURN!
B Complete the sentences w i t h an appropriate verb in t h e
past simple. Some are negatives or questions.
1 I was tired, so I d_i_d_A. t_ w O ^ L L t o work.
2 y o u w the match last night on TV?
3 Yesterday she w all day in the factory.
4 The rain _s , so the tennis started.
5 Tony was very quiet. He '_ X_ t o
anyone.
6 Last summer we _t around Europe
by train.
7 A: Jane g the test?
B:No,she failed.
8 IJ t o the concert as a podcast.
9 A: the children j _ all their breakfast?
B: Yes, they were hungry.
10 The party was terrible, I ' _ J it.
C Complete the t e x t using t h e past simple o f t h e verbs in
brackets.
Travis Carter1
tiv&d (live) in a fridge
for 40 days from December 1998 t o February 1999 - a
world record. A r e p o r t e r ' (ask) Travis later,
'3
you (celebrate)
New Year in the fridge?'Travis4
(reply),'No. 1 5
(not know)
that it was New Year: my watch 6
(not work) because it was so cold!'
Two years ago, Travis
7
(try) another
world record - 60 hours in a freezer.
This time h e 8
(fail). 'The
freezer was just t o o cold. I
9
(not like)
it,'Travis s a i d . ' l 1 0
(prefer) the fridge.'
I A hundred British teenagers answered a questionnaire
about technology. Change t h e i r answers into past
simple sentences. Some are negative.
Question Answer |
Did you watch a DVD last Saturday
night?
Did you use the Internet yesterday?
Did you download a song last week?
Did you play a computer game
yesterday?
Did you email a friend last week?
Did you like computers five years ago?
87 yes 13 no
70 yes 30 no
19 yes 81 no
35 yes 65 no
58 yes 42 no
90 yes 10 no
1 87 teenagers watched a DVD last Saturday nujht.
2 13 teenagers didn't watch a DVD last Saturday nujht.
3 30 teenagers
4 19 teenagers
5 35 teenagers
6 58 teenagers
7 10 teenagers
N o w answer t h e questionnaire in your notebook.
1 (didn't watcd a DVD last Saturday ntjht. /
watched a DVD last Saturday ni^ht.
QB3BL • • • • •
Circle t h e correct o p t i o n .
1 She in the tree for 737 days,
a stayed b was stayed c is stayed
2 She when she finished her protest,
a cryed b cried c cry
3 t o journalists?
a Did she talked b Talked she c Did she talk
4 A: Did she save the tree? B: Yes, she
a saved b save c did
5 A: Julia, was it boring?
B: Yes, it was. I TV for t w o years,
a didn't watched b don't watched
c didn't watch
3
S ^t^E qz E i : S J 3 M S U E iisax^w
Past s i m p l e 2 2 5
27. r
10 Past simple 3: irregular past forms
They spoke Celtic languages.
W h e r e d i d E n g l i s h c o m e f r o m ?
Old English he on pa duru eode
Modern English he went to the door
FRANCE
Past simple 3: irregular past forms
1 Many past simple verbs do not end in -ed. They have
irregular forms. For negative and question forms, use
did and the infinitive without to.
The Romans made Britain a colony.
They didn't feel happy.
Did they speak Latin ?
The ancient Britons spoke Celtic languages like Welsh.
The Romans made Britain a colony in 43 AD but Latin
didn't become the language of the common people. Not
many of the ancient Britons knew Latin and they didn't
feel happy with a new language.
In the 5th century AD, the Romans left Britain because
they had problems at home. The Angles, Saxons and Jutes
then went to England from Denmark and Germany. They
brought their own Germanic languages. These languages
became Old English. The story of English began.
True o r False? English is a Latin language. m
3S|E-| MSMSUy
statement / negative X
You sang. You d i d n o t (didn't) sing.
She t o l d her brother. She d i d n o t (didn't) t e l l her
brother.
The army w e n t
home.
The army d i d n o t (didn't) go
home.
question ? short answer / X
D i d 1 / y o u /he /she / i t / Yes, (1) did.
we / t h e y sing? No, (1) d i d n o t (didn't).
present past present past
be was / were know knew
become became leave left
begin began make made
bring brought mean meant
buy bought pay paid
come came put put
do did say said
eat ate see saw
get got speak spoke
give gave take took
go went tell told
have had think thought
hear heard
See page 181 for a list o f irregular verbs.
1
2 6
28. PracticeCircle the 12 past simple forms in the wordsearch
puzzle, then write their infinitive-without-to forms.
1
h e a r d t y r t u
i 0 P a w s q d 0 k
s a w t s f g h 0 n
J k I h X b r 0 k e
z s P 0 k e w e c w
I m b u s f u d n J
m e e g d a y g m I
g a f h i e m a d e
0 n h t k c g k I f
t t J k (c a m ~e) i t
come
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
12
B The most famous poem in Old English is Beowulf.
Complete the text using the correct past simple form
of the verbs in brackets.
Beowulf1
was (be) a great fighter 1,000 years
ago. He 2
(win) many battles against
monsters and dragons. Grendel was a terrible monster
from Denmark. He 3
(have) b i g teeth
and he was very strong. G r e n d e l 4
(not sleep) a n d 5
(not eat).
He6
(drink) blood. K i n g Hrothgar of
Denmark7
(pay) Beowulf to kill Grendel.
Beowulf8
(go) to Denmark,
9
(fight) the monster and killed it. K i n g
Hrothgar1 0
(give) Beowulf a lot of
money. B e o w u l f 1 1
(leave) D e n m a r k and
1 2
(not come) back.
H e 1 3
(become) a King. Finally,
Beowulf died because a dragon killed h i m .
Read the notes about a typical teenager's day in 1000
A D . W r i t e full sentences in the past simple. Some are
statements (/) and some are negatives (X).
U U 1 H 1 1 1 I I | | i l
*• ;» ;» *» .» »« .» « «• «. *. «, * „
A teenager in 10OO AD
/ get up: 5.30
/ breakfast {bread and water)
X go t o school / go to work
/ work begin: 6 . 3 0
/ lunch (meat)
/ get home: 5.00
/ make clothes: evening
»/ before bed: tell story t o sister
X sleep in a bed / sleep on the floor
She^ot ap at 5 3 0 and
/ W h a t did you do yesterday? Answer the questions
in your notebook using past simple short answers
and sentences. Then write three more questions
and answer them in the same way.
1 D i d you get up early?
K)& I didn't, l^ct up at 10 o'clock.
2 Did you speak English?
/e&, I did. I said 'tfetta' to iwj €njtisk teacher.
3 Did you buy anything?
4 D i d you go anywhere in the evening?
5 Did you forget anything?
6 Did you see any friends?
.•.M.MAM.MJ
a feled b fell c felt
a did the Saxons come b the Saxons came c did the Saxons came
| Circle the correct o p t i o n
| 1 A: Did they feel happy? B: No, they very angry.
I 2 Where from?
3 A:Did Beowulf speak O l d English? B: Yes, he a did b spoke c does
' 4 The Ancient Britons pens and pencils. a hadn't b didn't have c didn't had
I 5 Beowulf sorry t o the King. a sayed b said c saw
• ••••••• t • • • • # • 1
q g q-t? e £ E Z : 5 J 3 M S U E u s a i Xw
Past s i m p l e 3 2 7
29. 11 Past continuous
Everyone was talking about the alligators.
Urban legends are stories about strange things that
happen in everyday life. But they are probably not true.
Or are they?
Years ago in Florida and Georgia, you could buy baby alligators.
But they are difficult pets, so people set them tree.
Where did these alligators go?
While we were studying English, my wife and I were living in NewYork.
™th^eeverylne was talking about the alligators m the sewers.
A friend told me that one day a man was working in the sewers.
It was five o coC k a n d h e was just finishing for the day. Has fnends were
watUngLhiminthestreet.Theyhearda scream.When they pulled ,
the man out of the sewer, he was scared and he was shakmg.
There was an alligator in the sewer!
W h a t do you think? Is this story true?
Past continuous
1 Use t h e past continuous t o t a l k about events which
w e r e in progress at a particular t i m e in t h e past.
At that time everyone was talking about the alligators
in the sewers.
2 Use t h e past continuous t o set t h e background t o a
story - t o talk about w h a t was going on w h e n an event
happened. The main events are usually in t h e past simple.
His friends were waiting for him in the street. They
heard a scream.
3 Use when or while t o link past simple and past
continuous. W e can use when before t h e past simple or
t h e past continuous.
His friends were waiting for him
when they
heard a scream.
I
1
past present future
When his friends were waiting for him, they heard a scream.
W e can also use while before t h e past continuous.
While his friends were waiting for him, they heard a scream.
Use while w i t h t h e past continuous in b o t h parts o f a
sentence t o talk about t w o situations going on at t h e
same t i m e .
Wh/'/e we were studying English, my wife and I were
living in New York.
W h e n when and while come at t h e beginning o f a
sentence, p u t a c o m m a in t h e middle o f t h e sentence.
While I was falling, I closed my eyes.
5 Use t h e past continuous t o give t h e reason f o r a past event.
/ forgot about the bath because I was talking on the
telephone.
She shouted at me because I was driving fast.
6 M a k e t h e past continuous using t h e verb was / were +
verb + -ing form.
• See page 182 for spelling rules.
statement / negative X
You / W e /They w e r e w o r k i n g w e r e n o t (weren't)
w o r k i n g
1/ He /She / I t was w o r k i n g was n o t (wasn't)
w o r k i n g
question ? short answer / X
W e r e you / we / they working? Yes, (you) were.
No, (you) weren't.
Was 1 / he / she / it working? Yes, (1) was.
No, (1) wasn't.
2 8
30. P r a c t i c e
A What was Grace doing this t i m e last week? Look at t h e
picture and complete t h e sentences w i t h t h e correct
past continuous f o r m s o f t h e verbs in t h e box.
drink feel read shine 5+t wear
'Can you believe it? This time last week I was on holiday...
1 I was s i t t i t u j i n a cafe. 2 The sun
3 I my sunglasses. 4 I my book.
5 I lemonade. 6 I relaxed.'
IB Write full sentences using t h e words in t h e same order.
Change the verbs t o t h e past continuous o r past simple.
One or both verbs should be in t h e past continuous.
1 He / sit / in the kitchen / when / the fire / start
He was sittituj in the kitchen when the {ire started.
2 It / get late / and / the man / work / quickly.
3 The pencil / break / while / I / writing down / her phone
number.
4 It / snow / but we / not wear / warm clothes.
5 A cat / run / in front o f the car / when / I / drive / home.
6 The lights / change / while / she / still cross / the road.
7 You/still sleep/when / I / get up.
8 They / not build / the stadium / when /1 / live / in the city.
C o m p l e t e this urban legend. Use past continuous or
past simple f o r m s o f t h e verbs in brackets.
A TV team in Alaska 1
was mkty (make) a film
about the life of salmon. They 2
(catch) a salmon in the sea and very carefully
3
(put) a radio transmitter on it. The
radio t r a n s m i t t e r 4
(send) messages
t o the TV team. T h e y 5
(follow) the
salmon's journey for t w o months. O n e day the
cameramen 6
(camp) at
the side o f the river and they 7
(follow) the salmon as usual. Suddenly the fish
(leave) the river and
(go) through a forest. The team
(take) their cameras and
followed. In the forest a group o f b o y s 1 1
(camp). W h e n the TV team
1 2
(find) the boys, they
1 3
(sit) around a fire. They
1 4
(cook) the salmon on the fire.
9
10
MV TURN!
In your n o t e b o o k , copy and complete t h e replies
w i t h your o w n ideas using t h e past continuous.
1 A: Did you hear the phone?
B: K)o, I was listening to music.
2 A: Someone just knocked at the door.
B: W h o was it?
A: I don't know
3 A: W h a t was the weather like when you left home?
B: Terrible!
4 A: Did you catch a cold yesterday?
B: Yes, I did
5 A: Were you at school on Monday?
B: No, I wasn't
6 A: Did you hear me?
B: No, sorry,
• • •»i « * » * , • « • • i • • _ • a a a
•••••••
| Circle the correct option.
I 1 He was working in the sewer he saw the alligator. a then b when
I 2 They television when they saw a cow in their garden. a a r e w a t c h i n g
[ 3 I was wearing sunglasses because the sun very brightly. a w a s s h i n i n g
? 4 A: raining when you arrived? B: No. It was very sunny. a Was it b
c while
b watching c were watching
b is shining c shone
It was c It is
15 A: Were you wearing a helmet when you fell off your bike? B: a No, I weren't b No, I wasn't c No, I'm not I
••••••••••••••III••••••*•*•< qS *P ?Z qi:sj9MsuEi;saiAw
Past continuous 2 9
31. Review: past simple and past continuous
A Complete the story by matching the phrases in the box to the
correct places.
a while it was running
b and showing me his photos while we were eating
c when John was speaking
d because we were hungry
e it ran away
f when it happened
I was visiting my friend John in A u s t r a l i a 1
We were having dinner early 2
He was telling me about his f a m i l y 3
Suddenly, a kangaroo j u m p e d through the w i n d o w 4
W h i l e we were thinking what t o do n e x t , 5
He t o o k a photo o f the kangaroo 6
t
B Match each picture to the correct sentence.
1 She was running
when she saw him.
2 She ran when
she saw him.
C Underline the correct option. Sometimes more
than one option is possible.
1 I was having/had a shower when my friend called.
2 W h i l e Sally was walking/ walked t o the station,
she met Harry.
3 Tom went t o bed and was saying/said,
'Goodnight'
4 Did you get angry when she finally was telling/
told you?
5 We danced while the music was playing/played.
6 I was meeting/met David many years ago.
7 Were the Romans using /Did the Romans use
paper?
8 W h e n she wasn't watching/didn't watch,
I t o o k another biscuit.
3 We went home .—.
while it was raining. I I
4 W h e n it started
We talked about it
when we got home.
We talked about it
while we were
going home.
•
•
raining, we
went home. •
W h e n he finished
his lunch, Dad read .—.
the paper. I I
Dad read the paper
while he was .—.
finishing his lunch. I I
3 0
32. D Complete these stories using t h e correct past simple or past continuous f o r m s o f t h e verbs in brackets.
The clock1
bnh (break) while the children
2
(play) football in the house.
The clock3
(fall) when the ball
4
(hit) it. The accident5
(happen) while their p a r e n t s 6
(come) home.
J i l l 7
(drink) her coffee when she
8
(hear) her phone. It was her mother. While
they 9
(speak), a man 1 0
(run)
t o the table and 1 1
(give) Ji 11 some flowers.
E Circle the correct o p t i o n .
Police officer: W h a t 1
when you saw the elephant?
Driver: 1 2
through the park.
Police officer: 3
quickly?
Driver: No, I4
fast because there were a lot o f
animals. M y w i f e 5
out o f the w i n d o w
and watching some lions. S h e 6
t o take
some photos o f t h e m but while she 7
the camera out o f her bag, an elephant ran
at the car!
Police officer: W h y 8
away while the e l e p h a n t 9
?
Driver: The elephant was very fast. I only 1 0
the
elephant when it hit our car.
1 a do you do b was you doing (c)were you doing
2 a was driving b drove c were driving
3 a Did you go b Were you going c Was you going
4 a wasn't driving b weren't driving c didn't drive
5 a was looking b were looking c looked
6 a were wanting b was wanting c wanted
7 a got b was getting c were getting
8 a didn't you drive b wasn't you driving
c weren't you driving
9 a ran b was running c were running
I 10 a were seeing b was seeing c saw
F Make sentences f r o m t h e words and w r i t e t h e m in your
notebook. Put one verb in t h e past simple and one verb
in the past continuous.
1 I /shop/ when / meet / her
I was shopping wnen I met ker.
I 2 While / we / eat / breakfast / the letter / arrive
3 Sarah / not go / because / she / not feel / very well
1 4 As /1 / fall / my parachute / suddenly / open
5 you / have / a shower / when /1 / phone?
6 Gavin / break / his arm / while / he / do / j u d o
G M a k e excuses f o r t h e f o l l o w i n g situations using t h e
past continuous (and past simple, i f you want).
The excuses can be f u n n y !
1 W h y are you late for school?
(was taking mij pet kangaroo for a watt and it ran. awaij.
2 W h y are your shoes dirty?
3 W h y did you eat all the chocolates?
4 W h y didn't you do your homework?
5 W h y are you sleeping in class?
6 W h y didn't you answer the telephone?
H Circle t h e correct o p t i o n .
1 We went t o the cinema last night and a film.
It was excellent.
a watching (b) watched c were watching
2 She didn't understand the game. W h i l e I the
instructions, she was w r i t i n g a text.
a was explaining b am explaining c explained
3 The man t o o k her bag and away w i t h it. We
never saw him again.
a run b ran c was running
4 She hurt her head when she fell off her bike. She
a helmet.
a not wearing b didn't wear c wasn't wearing
5 A: W h a t when you heard the noise?
B: I ran outside t o help.
a did you do b were you doing c you were doing
6 Were you playing hockey when you broke your nose?
B: Yes, I
a did b were c was
Review 2 31
33. 1 2
Present perfect 1
They've already invented it!
They've a l r e a d y i n v e n t e d it, Dad!
The taxi's j u s t a r r i v e d !
Sorry I'm late. I
h a v e n ' t left y e t !
Find six w o r d s
rCC O from t h e c a r t o o n s
in t h i s w o r d snake:
Present perfect 1
1 Use t h e present perfect f o r a past event
which t h e speaker feels is connected
w i t h t h e present.
The taxi's arrived. (The taxi is here now.)
2 W e o f t e n use t h e present perfect t o t a l k
about a recent event. Use t h e adverb
just t o emphasise t h a t t h e event is
recent.
The taxi's just arrived.
3 W e can use t h e present perfect w i t h
already and yet. Already and yet mean
'before now'. W e use yet in questions
and negatives. Already comes a f t e r has
/have and before t h e main verb. Yet
comes at t h e end o f t h e sentence or
question.
They've already invented it.
I haven't left yet.
Have the boys arrived yet?
4 St/7/ w i t h t h e present perfect negative
stresses t h a t t h e situation is continuing
now.
/ st/7/ haven't left home.
5 M a k e t h e present perfect using t h e verb
have + past participle.
I've just seen her.
I haven't visited the museum yet.
'jsnf'ya] 'Apeaj|e 'paAUje 'pajuaAU! :SJ9MSUV
statement / negative X
1 / Y o u / W e / T h e y have fve) visited have n o t (haven't) visited
H e / S h e / I t has fs) visited has n o t (hasn't) visited
question ? short a n s w e r / /
Have 1 / you / we / they visited...? Yes, (1) have.
No,(l) haven't.
Has he / she / it visited...? Yes, (he) it has.
No, (he) hasn't.
A d d -ed t o f o r m t h e past participle
o f regular verbs, e.g. visited,
arrived, tried. (These are t h e same
as t h e past simple verb forms.)
See page 182 for spelling rules.
's = is and has
he's visited = he has visited
he's cold = he is cold
However, t h e r e are many irregular forms.
be been go + gone
break -> broken give -> given
come -* come steal -> stolen
do -> done
see •# seen
speak •* spoken
wake up •* woken up
Some irregular past participles are t h e same as t h e past
simple f o r m .
find •* found -* found read •* read -> read
have •* had -> had say •* said -> said
leave -* left -* left spend -> spent-* spent
lose -* lost -* lost tell -* told -> told
make -> made -> made win -> won -* won
3 2 • See page 181 for a list of irregular verbs.
34. Practice
A Match the pairs of sentences.
1 She can't do sports.^ ~x a
2 He's still not feeling well. 1 b
3 She's crying. V-c
4 I'm very happy. d
5 The car won't start. e
6 I have no money. f
7 You're looking worried. g
8 We can go now. h
9 I'm not ready t o go. i
She's lost her bag.
He's just had flu.
She's broken her arm.
I haven't had a shower yet.
I've spent it on CDs.
I haven't left yet.
The taxi has just arrived.
M y football team has just won.
W h a t has happened?
B Complete the sentences using the words in brackets in the
I correct form and position.
I I He can't find his keys. I think MSWKt them, (lose)
[ 2 Haven't you done your homework yet?
I it. (finish / already)
3 It's midnight and she home yet. (not / come)
4 lunch yet? (you / have?)
5 This is terrible. Someone my bike, (steal)
6 We a really cheap car! (just / buy)
7 Take your boots o f f before you come in. I
the carpets, (just / clean)
8 the doctor yet? (you / phone?)
9 They the film, (see /already)
C It's Sunday night and Dad is asking Joe whether he is ready for
f school in the morning. W r i t e Dad's questions and Joe's replies
in your notebook
1 pack school bag [/]
j3 do your science homework [/]
5 wash the dinosaur [X]
7 buy the dinosaur f o o d [X]
1 0: ffavejou packedjour school bayjet f J: /es, I have
2 tidy your cave [X]
4 have a bath [X]
6 make your sandwiches [/]
What four things hasn't Joe done yet? W r i t e sentences.
Example: He hasn't tidied his cavejet.
D W r i t e reasons for each of these situations. Use
the words in brackets and the correct form of
the verb.
1 I don't have my glasses.
I stilt haven't (ound them. (find / still)
2 He's still asleep.
(wake up /yet)
3 The book looks very new.
(I / read / still)
4 She isn't here any more.
(go/just)
5 I don't have my old phone any more.
(give it t o my dad)
6 She doesn't know.
(they / t e l l her /still)
7 I still haven't received the letter.
(postman / come / yet)
8 There's no more milk.
(I / finish/just)
MV TURN!
Imagine it's Sunday evening. In your notebook,
write three things you have done and three
things you haven't done.
Example: I've cleaned RUj bike,
• • * • i
Circle the correct option.
1 The taxi hasn't arrived a already b just c yet
2 He's his new watch. a breaked b broke c broken
3 He left home four hours ago and he t o say he's arrived, a still hasn't phoned b haven't phoned yet
c hasn't just phoned
4 yet? a Have you eaten your vegetables b You have eaten your vegetables c Have you your vegetables eaten '
5 A: Is Alex there? B: O h sorry. He's . a gone already home b just gone home c gone home yet I
Q S v B £ oz 3 1 : S J 3 M S U E N S A J _
Present p e r f e c t 1 3 3
35. 1 3
Present perfect 2
Have you ever tried mustard ice cream?
Ingredients food n^aga-zii^t
fm 4 -
H a v e y o u e v e r t r i e d m u s t a r d
i c e c r e a m ?
Or chocolate on your vegetables? These are just some of the things you can eat at The
Fat Duck restaurant near London. Some people have called The Fat Duck the best
restaurant in the world. The chef, Heston Blumenthal, has become famous and has
been on many TV shows.
John Willoughby of the New York magazine Gourmet says that The Fat Duck is possibly
'the most fun restaurant I've ever eaten in' But what do you think?
'I've never had mustard ice cream and I don't want to
Just give me strawberry!'
- John, a shop assistant
Present perfect 2
1 Use t h e present perfect w h e n you do not k n o w exactly
w h e n t h e past event t o o k place, or it is not i m p o r t a n t .
He has been on many TV shows.
He has become famous.
2 W e o f t e n use t h e present perfect w i t h ever, never and
before. Never and ever come a f t e r has / have and before
t h e main verb. Before comes at t h e end o f t h e sentence.
Have you ever tried mustard ice cream?
It was the most fun restaurant I've ever eaten in.
I've never had chocolate on my vegetables.
I haven't been to the restaurant before.
U n d e r l i n e t h e a n s w e r w h i c h is n o t t r u e : T h e Fat D u c k restaurant is famous/cheap/fun
• See Unit 12 for the forms of the present perfect.
gone or been?
My brother has gone to Croatia.
(= M y brother is travelling t o Croatia or is there now.)
My brother has been to Croatia.
(= M y brother w e n t t o Croatia but he is back home
now.)
3 4
36. ractice
Answer the questions with present perfect short answers.
1 Have vou ever tried raw fish?
frig, I tUMKt.
2 Have you ever used chopsticks?
3 Have you ever seen a banana tree?
4 Have you ever put sugar in a sandwich?
5 Have you ever made ice cream?
6 Have you ever eaten chips w i t h sugar?
7 Have you ever drunk coconut milk?
8 Have you ever cooked a meal f o r your family?
C Complete the sentences using the present perfect of
the verbs in the box.
break ever forget go ever have not meet
not play see not speak never spend write
1 I've broken my nose before.
2 He plays the guitar but he in a band before.
3 They Christmas away f r o m home.
4 W e our new neighbours.
5 M y friends aren't here now, they home.
6 M y sister an article for the local newspaper.
7 I t o my parents about my exam results.
8 your teacher
t o give you homework?
9 W e the new James Bond film.
10 She's the best friend I
Which of these things have you done or not done?
Complete the sentences using the present perfect o f
the verbs in brackets.
1 1 haven't won a competition, (win)
2 t o Cuba, (be)
3 a book in one day. (read)
]4 rugby, (play)
5 an elephant, (see)
6 a famous person, (meet)
7 a leg. (break)
in a restaurant, (work)
9 ten kilometres, (run)
Do you know people who have done these things?
Write true sentences about people you know.
Example: Mij brother has met a famous person,
, .
D Complete the sentences with gone or been.
1 M y grandparents have yone to Australia.
They'll arrive t o m o r r o w - the journey takes 22 hours.
2 They've visited the UK, but they haven't
t o Scotland.
3 M y family loves travelling. We've
t o 10 different countries together.
4 They've out and left the lights on.
5 A: Where have you ?
B: To post a letter.
MY TURN!
^ m ^ o u M i o ^ things you
have done in the past.
Example: I've been to Australia,
Now write three questions to ask a friend using Have
you (ever)...?
Example: ffavejou ever been to Australia?
W r i t e about your friend.
Example: Setty has never been to Australia,
Circle the correct option.
1 My sister sushi three or four times, but she doesn't like it. a tries b has tried c is tried
2 I've tried most things, but an insect. a I've ever eaten b I haven't never eaten c I've never eaten
3 A: on TV? B:Yes, he has. a Has Heston ever been b Has Heston been ever c Heston ever has been
4 It's our favourite restaurant. there many times. a We's been b We've gone c We've been
5 A: Have you ever been t o The Fat Duck? B: a Yes, we've b Yes, w e been c No, we haven't
—
D S 3 f E
£ 3 ? Q I : S J 3 M S U E J ; S 3 X X ^
Present p e r f e c t 2 3 5
37. 1 4
Present perfect 3
They have lived there for centuries.
THE RICH AND
FAMOUS IN LONDON
r p h e rich and famous have l i v e d in Marylebone f o r
T c e n t u n e s . Past residents include Charles * * ™ n L
the Beatles. Ringo Starr rented an
Sauare in Marylebone. Jimi H e n d n x also lived there. There
h a s n ' t been a famous resident at 34 M o n t a g u Square smce
the 1960s, but tourists still go to see the building.
Marylebone has been Madonna's favourite
place in London for a few years now. The
star owns four houses in the same street!
C o m p l e t e t h e sentence: M a r y l e b o n e is a place in
Present perfect 3
Use t h e present perfect f o r a situation w h i c h started
in t h e past and continues now.
Marylebone has been Madonna's favourite
place in London for a few years now.
: I
P a s t
present future
2 W e can use for and since w i t h t h e present perfect.
The rich and famous have lived in Marylebone for
centuries.
There hasn't been a famous resident since the 1960s.
3 Use How long ...?to ask f o r h o w much t i m e a situation
has continued.
How long has she lived in London?
She has lived in London for a few years.
4 W e can use always w i t h t h e present perfect.
I've always wanted to live in the city. (= for all the time
can remember)
uopuo"| :J3MSUV
Use t h e present perfect + for t o emphasise h o w long a
situation has been going on, e.g. for an hour, for a few
days, for a week, for six months, for ages (= for a long
time).
They have lived there for centuries.
Use t h e present perfect + since t o emphasise w h e n a
situation began, e.g. since 12 o'clock, since Monday,
since January, since last year, since the 1960s, since she
got married.
The couple have been married since last year.
There hasn't been a famous resident since the 1960s.
Use t h e present perfect, not t h e present, w i t h since
and for.
She has lived here for a few years.
N O T She lives here for a few years.
•
•
3 6
See Units 12 and 13 for other uses of the present perfect.
See Unit 12 for the forms of the present perfect.
38. A Complete each t i m e expression w i t h for or since.
Ml for a long time.
1 2 t w o weeks.
1 3 2003.
I 4 last year.
1 5 three years.
1 6 only a day!
• 7 Christmas.
8 I was 12.
| Now answer the question.
I How long have you lived in your house?
I I've lived in my house
B Complete the sentences w i t h t h e present perfect o f t h e
verbs in brackets. Use short f o r m s w h e r e possible.
1 They W always wanted t o visit New York, (always
want)
2 We my cousins since the beginning
of last year. They are always very busy, (not see)
3 It a really good summer. I don't
want it to end. (be)
4 They in the same house all
their lives, (live)
5 My sister and I share a bedroom. We
our own rooms, (never have)
6 How long you
your mountain bike? (have)
7 He his home
town, (always love)
8 How long she ill? (be)
9 He in the
same bank for years, (work)
10 I he was the
best, (always think)
C Ask questions a b o u t t h e celebrities using How long...?
and t h e present perfect.
1 Michael Douglas and Catherine Zeta-Jones are married.
....(few (Gnj have thej been married?
2 Madonna drives a M i n i Cooper car.
3 Sienna Miller lives in Marylebone.
4 Paul McCartney plays the piano.
5 Ringo Starr is a vegetarian.
6 Jennifer Connelly speaks Italian.
MY TURN!
f ^ a k e s e r ^ and a t i m e phrase
which is t r u e f o r you. W r i t e t h e m in your notebook.
1 I / be / hungry
I've been hungry since 16 clock this morniny.
2 I / not see / my cousin
3 I / be / a t t h i s school
4 I / know / my / best friend
5 I / not d o / t h e washing-up
6 M y family / live/here
Circle the correct o p t i o n .
1 t o meet Madonna.
a I always have wanted b I've always wanted c I've wanted always
2 We've lived in Marylebone
a forages b ages ago c since ages
3 They've had their flat in Marylebone since they married.
a get b got c have got
4 A: How long ? B: For about six years.
a are they famous b have they been famous c they've been famous
5 She London since she was a child.
a isn't visit b didn't visit c hasn't visited
3
S QT? <K e
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Present p e r f e c t 3 37
39. 1 5
Present perfect or past simple?
The company has invented the Mac and the iPod.
S t e v e Jobs w a s b o r n in 1 9 5 5 a n d w a s a m u l t i -
m i l l i o n a i r e b e f o r e t h e a g e o f 3 0 . He is d y s l e x i c
a n d o n e o f his t e a c h e r s a t school r e m e m b e r s his
' d i f f e r e n t w a y o f l o o k i n g a t t h i n g s ' .
I n t h e 1 9 7 0 s , c o m p u t e r s w e r e large m a c h i n e s a n d
o n l y l a r g e c o m p a n i e s u s e d t h e m . I n 1 9 7 6 , S t e v e
l o b s a n d S t e v e W o z n i a k c h a n g e d all t h a t . T h e y
s t a r t e d t h e c o m p a n y A p p l e I n c a n d p r o d u c e d t h e
w o r l d ' s f i r s t p e r s o n a l c o m p u t e r , A p p l e I. Since
t h e n , A p p l e I n c h a s also p r o d u c e d M a c i n t o s h
c o m p u t e r s a n d t h e iPod.
S t e v e Jobs also h e l p e d t o s t a r t Pixar A n i m a t i o n
S t u d i o s . S o m e o f t h e b e s t - l o v e d a n i m a t e d f i l m s
h a v e c o m e f r o m Pixar, i n c l u d i n g Toy Story, Finding
Nemo a n d Ratatouille. Pixar h a s w o n m a n y
O s c a r s ™ o v e r t h e last 2 5 y e a r s .
1
V C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e w i t h t h r e e possible answers: Steve Jobs is f a m o u s f o r
sojpnjs uojiewmv Jexy 'pcy; am'sjsjndwoD Ljscnupeyv '| 9]ddv'3U| 9|ddy :s.iaMSiie aiqjsscy
Present perfect or past simple?
1 Use t h e present perfect t o t a l k a b o u t recent events o r
a past event w h i c h t h e speaker feels is connected w i t h
t h e present.
Certain t i m e expressions are c o m m o n w i t h this use
o f t h e present perfect. These include already, yet,
just, ever, never, before.
I haven't eaten yet. (= I'm hungry now.)
Has he left? (= He isn't here now.)
Use t h e past simple t o t a l k a b o u t a finished action.
Certain t i m e expressions may be used w i t h t h e past
simple. These include yesterday, last week, ago, then,
when, in + year.
In the 1970s, computers were large machines.
When did Apple invent the iPod?
3 Use t h e present perfect t o t a l k about an event or
s i t u a t i o n w h i c h began in t h e past and continues now.
W e o f t e n use t i m e expressions w i t h since and for w i t h
this use o f t h e present perfect, e.g. for a week, since
yesterday, for a long time, since 2004, and ask questions
w i t h How long?
How long have you worked at Pixar?
I've worked here for ten years.
4 The choice o f t h e past simple or present perfect can
sometimes depend on t h e p o i n t o f v i e w o f t h e speaker,
or on t h e c o n t e x t .
/ didn't see George this morning. (The speaker is talking
at the end o f the day and this morning is finished.)
/ haven't seen George this morning. (The speaker is
talking in the morning - this morning is still going on.)
3 8
40. Practice
A Underline the correct o p t i o n t o complete t h e
sentences about Tom Cruise.
11 When he was a boy, Tom Cruise went /has been
to fourteen different schools.
2 While he was at high school, he acted/has acted
in school plays.
3 Since his first film in 1 9 8 1 , the actor starred/has
starred in some very popular films, e.g. Top Gun,
Mission: Impossible and Jerry Maguire.
4 He worked/has worked w i t h some very famous
film makers, including Kubrick and Scorsese.
[5 He was/has been married t o actress Nicole
Kidman until 2 0 0 1 .
6 He became/has become
a father in 2006, when his
daughter Suri was/has been
born.
Tom says:
7 'I had /'ve had a very
interesting life.'
IB Complete these sentences using t h e past simple or
present perfect o f t h e verbs in brackets.
1 My grandfather didnt have much money when
he was a young man. (not have)
2 It difficult t o get a good j o b then, (be)
3 you this song before? (hear)
4 What you about last
night? (dream)
5 My uncle collects old motorbikes. He
three, (buy)
6 When the teacher in the room, we
stood up. (come)
7 There more accidents on the road
last month than in the whole o f last year, (be)
8 You that coat for a
long time! (not wear)
C Match the pairs.
1 I've sent all the letters this
morning.
2 I sent all the letters this
morning.
3 She learnt t o speak seven
languages.
4 She has learnt t o speak seven
languages.
5 He worked f o r the company for
three years.
6 He has worked for the company
for three years.
7 He has sold a lot o f cars today.
8 He sold a lot o f cars today.
(It's four o'clock in the
afternoon.)
(It's eleven o'clock in the
morning.)
a (She is not still alive.)
b (She is still alive.)
a (He still works there.)
b (He doesn't work there
now.)
a (It's 10 pm and he is not
working now.)
b (It's 4 pm and he is still
working.)
i:niu,ni
/
Make past simple or present perfect questions from the words
and write them in your notebook. Sometimes both tenses are
possible.
1 you / ever / see a dolphin?
2 when / you / last / go swimming?
3 how many different schools / you / study at / before now?
4 what / you / yesterday / do?
5 how many exams / you / this year / take?
6 W h e n your mother was young, where / she / live?
7 you / ever / live / another country?
8 what / your family / last weekend / do?
1 HaveJGU. ever seen a dotpjunf
In your notebook, answer t h e questions about yourself and your
family. Use t h e past simple or present perfect in your answers.
Circle the correct o p t i o n .
1
I 2
>:
I 5
L -
A: How long a multi-millionaire? B: Since I was 30. a have you been b are you c you have been
A: Have you ever seen Finding Nemo? B:Yes, it on D V D last week, a I've watched b I've watching c I watched
her Apple I computer since 1977. a She has b She's had c She have
We've seen some Pixar films, but I Ratatouilteyet. a don't see b haven't seen c haven't see
together for 20 years, f r o m 1976 to 1996. a They work b They've worked c They worked
3
S QT? Q £ ~*Z E X : S J 9 A A S U E J I S A I A W
Present p e r f e c t o r past simple? 39
41. 1 6
Used to
Sick people often used to sleep in temples.
T h e A n c i e n t G r e e k s
u s e d t o t h i n k t h a t
t h e y w e r e i l l b e c a u s e
o f b a d m a g i c o r
b e c a u s e t h e g o d s w e r e
u n h a p p y w i t h t h e m .
So, sick people often
used to sleep in
temples.
, r
The Greeks didn't use to take medicine
and they didn't use to go to the doctor.
The first 'doctors'
used to be witches
or people with magic
powers.
Some people used to eat
flowers and herbs when
they were ill but this d.dnt
use to help everyone.
Hippocrates, born about 460 BC on
the island of Kos, made medicine
into a serious science. He is often
called the father of medicine.
Underline the correct option: The first doctors
were Greek / believed in magic / were women.
Drs I
3I8ELU UJ paA3||aq MSMSUV
Used to
1 Used to is f o r habits and states which finished in t h e
past. Used to o f t e n contrasts t h e past and t h e present.
Jack used to live in Brighton, but now he lives in Liverpool.
Most people used to believe in magic.
2 The past simple can usually replace used to.
The Greeks used to sleep / slept in temples when they
were ill.
They didn't use to go / didn't go to doctors.
3 Use t h e past simple, n o t used to, w h e n t a l k i n g about
single activities, h o w long t h e y t o o k or h o w many
times t h e y happened.
/ went to the doctor yesterday. N O T / used to go...
We didn't eat for two days.
N O T We didn't used to eat...
Jane visited me in hospital twice.
N O T Jane used to visit...
4 0
4 Used to + infinitive w i t h o u t t o . Used to has no present or
continuous f o r m s .
Sick people often used to sleep in temples.
5 M a k e questions w i t h Did + noun / pronoun + use to...?
Did doctors use to study science?
Did you use to eat a lot of sweets when you were young?
6 M a k e t h e negative w i t h did not (didn't) use to or never
used to.
They didn't use to take medicine.
Operations never used to be easy.
In spoken English people o f t e n use did + used
(instead o f use) in questions and negatives.
Did you used to play with dolls ?
I didn't used to like him.
42. [Practice
A Charlie is now a millionaire but he used t o be poor. In your
notebook, w r i t e sentences about Charlie's life w i t h used to
and didn't use to.
1
Now 10 years ago
1 He gets up at 11.00. 7 £ 0
2 He doesn't work. supermarket
3 He has a very big house. X big house
4 He plays golf. X g o l f
5 He wears expensive clothes. cheap clothes
6 He is unhappy. happy
1 tie used tojet up at 7.00
B Underline the correct o p t i o n . Sometimes b o t h options are
possible.
1 I had/used to have a shower last night.
12 Kurt was I used to be a very good friend.
I 3 It snowed/used to snow a lot in winter.
4 I met/used to meet Janice yesterday.
5 Children didn't watch/use to watch so much TV.
: 6 It wasn't/never used to be very expensive.
i 7 My sister went/used to go to Mexico in 2007.
8 My sister went/used to go t o Mexico every summer.
C Read these sentences about life 2,000 years ago. (Four are
I true, four are false.) I f t h e sentence is t r u e , r e w r i t e it w i t h
I used to. If the sentence is false, r e w r i t e it w i t h didn't use to.
I I Latin was an international language.
Uttn used to be an international lanjuaje.
2 People used to think that the w o r l d was round.
People iiih't use to think, that the world was round,
3 There were bears in England.
4 People ate a lot o f meat.
5 Builders made houses out o f w o o d .
6 Most people lived in towns.
7 Travelling by sea was dangerous.
8 Children learned English.
D C o m p l e t e this advertisement w i t h used to or the
past simple o f t h e verbs in t h e box.
not answer be chan;;e criticise do
get lose not isten sit not worry
M j o u j e t out of bed this morning ond feel terrible?
much filter ond beolfhier once?
jr answer is 'yes', you need powetf l a k e s !
Eva Clark (England):'!3
about my health but
I never4
exercise and my health got
worse and worse. Then I tried Powerflakes! Now I feel like a new woman.'
Andrei Wojdylo (Poland): 'My friends5
me all the time because I was so lazy and unfit but 1 6
to them. I 7
in front of theTV all night and eat chocolates. If the phone rang,
I 8
it! Last
year everything9
because I
1 0
my job and I needed to change
my life. Now, I have Powerflakes and life is perfect!'
In your notebook, w r i t e sentences about changes in
your life w i t h used to, didn't use to or never used to.
Example: I used to dojudo but now I do karate,
. . . . . .
— — — — Hi — — —
] Circle the correct o p t i o n .
| 1 She wants t o be a vet now, but she want t o be a doctor
1 2 He eat healthy food, but now he only eats vegetables.
I 3 go t o the doctor very often when you were young?
I 4 My dad used t o smoke, but he when I was born
I 5 My parents give us medicine when we were sick.
a use t o b used c used t o
a didn't used b didn't use t o
a Did you use t o b You used t o
a used t o stop b stopped c used t o stopped
never didn't use t o b didn't never use to c never used to
c doesn't used t o
c Did you used
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Used to 41
43. R e v i e w : p r e s e n t p e r f e c t a n d used to
A C o m p l e t e t h e table w i t h t h e missing f o r m s .
infinitive
w i t h o u t to
past simple past participle
eat ate
done
fell
felt
got
had
look
lived
play
walk
made
wrote
B Rewrite these sentences w i t h used to, but only i f it's
possible.
1 I had a red bike when I was little.
I used to have a red biU when I was tittle.
2 Did you play computer games when you were a child?
3 I played tennis three times on holiday.
4 The Romans ate a lot offish.
5 She played the violin at university.
6 He didn't go t o the doctor yesterday.
7 Didn't they work hard at their old school?
8 This morning we made a cake for Grandma's visit.
C M a k e present perfect questions f r o m t h e words.
1 your sister / live in Australia / how long?
ffow tcnj has jour sister lived in Australia7
2 ever / you / make a pizza?
3 s t a r t / y e t / t h e film?
4 you / how many times / ride a horse?
5 all seven Harry Potter books / you / read?
6 be married / how long / Henry and Gloria?
7 ever / you / have a party in your house?
8 Tony / yet / say thank-you for the present?
9 study English / you / before?
10 clean her shoes / Maria / yet?
D W r i t e present perfect or past simple answers t o the
questions in Exercise C, using t h e words given.
1 six months
She's lived in Australia [gr stjc months.
2 never
3 just
4 three times
5 four o f them already / the other three not yet
6 t w o years
7 last year
8 a l r e a d y / f o u r times
9 never
10 yesterday
4 2
44. I Complete these dialogues using the present perfect, past simple
or used to.
Ml come A: the taxi CCme yet?
B: Yes, it came five minutes ago.
• 2 see A: you ever a UFO?
B: Yes, I one last year.
3 have A: How long you your cat?
B: About a year. We her since Christmas.
1 4 play A: you tennis every week?
B: Yes, I , but I hurt my leg.
I 5 write A: you a thank-you email t o your aunt yet?
B: Yes, I t o her this morning.
6 meet A: Lisa, you my cousin Alan before?
B: Yes, we at your birthday party last year.
• 7 decide A: you about your holiday yet?
B: Well, we to go skiing, but we where yet.
1 8 want A: W h e n you were young, you t o be a
train driver?
B: Yes, when I was 12. Before that, I t o be a circus clown.
; 9 watch A: you Titanic on TV last night?
B: No, I already it four times.
f Underline the correct option.
Lee Gould is in the middle of a tour of Europe
... on a bike. We spoke to him in Portugal.
Interviewer: Hi Lee. Tell us about your tour of Europe.
Lee: Well, I've 1alwavs / ever wanted to visit different
countries, and 21 was always / I've always been good at
cycling. So about two years ago I3
decided / have decided to
cycle around Europe. My plan is to visit every country in the
European Union.
Interviewer: And how many countries 4did / haveyou visited
so far?
Lee: Only 11. I've 5
t e e n /gone to all the countries in the
south of Europe. I 6started/have started in Cyprus last year,
and then I 7took/have taken a boat to Greece. Since then
8/ cycled / I've cycled about 5,000 km.
Interviewer: Have you been to Ireland 9still /yef?
Lee: No, I 10didn't/haven't. I haven't been to any countries
in the north of Europe11
yet/'already, but I'm going to take a
boat from Spain to Ireland next week.
Interviewer: Are you tired after cycling so far?
Lee: Yes, I am. I 1 2
used /ha veto get really tired at the
beginning but it has got easier 13since / from I left Spain.
Interviewer: 14Did / Have you had any problems so far?
Lee: Well, 1 5
/ fell /I've fallen off my bike many times, but
I 16
'don't/haven't really hurt myself. I've also lost my bike
three times, but I've 17always /already found it again. It's a
very special bike for me - 1 8
/ have/I've had it for six years,
and it has been like a good friend for me.
Interviewer: Have you 19
'met/ meet any interesting people?
Lee: 20didn't / haven't had time to talk to people, but in
every country the people have been very good to me. They
have helped me a lot.
Interviewer: One last question. Why are you doing this?
Lee: I'm trying to collect money for a children's hospital.
So f a r 2 1 1 collected / I've collected almost £5,000.
r
Review 3 43
45. 17
Will, shall, won't
I hope you'll enjoy yoga.
W e l c o m e t o
E a s y Y o g a c o u r s e !
U n d e r l i n e t h e correct o p t i o n : This is a business / fitness / music CD.
Will, shall, won't
Will is t h e most usual w a y t o t a l k about t h e f u t u r e in
English.
1 Use will f o r general predictions based on w h a t you t h i n k .
W o r d s like think, hope and sure, w h i c h show your opinion
and a t t i t u d e , are c o m m o n w i t h will.
It won't be easy but it will be healthy and fun.
I think the CD will be very popular.
I hope you'll enjoy yoga.
2 Use w/7/ f o r instant decisions made at t h e t i m e o f speaking.
Right, I'll continue.
I don't know, I'll check.
4 The short f o r m 7/ is used mainly w i t h pronouns and in
speaking.
/7/go.
You'll be happy and your whole body will feel good.
The negative short f o r m won't is c o m m o n in speaking
and w r i t i n g w i t h nouns and pronouns.
You won't want to turn this CD off.
5 Use Shall I / we ...?(NOT will) f o r offers and suggestions.
Shall I open the bottle?
Shall we start?
D o n ' t use will for plans or arrangements.
I'm going to have a yoga lesson tomorrow.
N O T /'// have a yoga lesson tomorrow.
Are we meeting at 6? N O T Will we meet at 6?
Shall is occasionally used w i t h / and we in very
f o r m a l British English.
We shall be very happy to see you.
3 Use will w i t h t h e infinitive w i t h o u t to.
That will be nice.
I hope the lessons will start soon.
• See Units 18 and 19 for more future forms.
statement S negative X
1/ You / H e / S h e / w i l l ('11) w i l l not (won't)
I t / W e / T h e y
question ? short answer / X
W i l l i / y o u / h e / s h e / Yes, (1) will.
it / we / they go? No, (1) w i l l not (won't).
4 4
46. Practice
|A Write the short f o r m o f each f u l l f o r m . I f no short f o r m
is possible, put X.
1 I will try yoga. (It
2 Shall we sit down? %
3 We will feel better.
4 Will she like it?
5 That will not be easy.
| 6 Shall I play it again?
7 I will not listen again.
18 Will the course be expensive?
9 I will stop the CD.
10 The instructor will not repeat it.
11 I hope it will be fun
B Read the text and make predictions about Victoria's
new life. Complete t h e sentences w i t h will, '11 or won't.
! Victoria is f r o m Russia. She m o v e d t o V a n c o u v e r
Mast week w i t h h e r p a r e n t s . V i c t o r i a is 13 a n d
she is a g o o d s t u d e n t , b u t s h e d o e s n ' t s p e a k
much English. W h a t d o y o u t h i n k V i c t o r i a ' s n e w
Life in C a n a d a w i l l b e l i k e ?
1 She It learn English very quickly.
2 Victoria like Canadian f o o d .
3 Her friends in Russia write t o her.
4 She forget Russian.
5 The climate be a problem.
6 Her parents worry about her.
7 She feel homesick.
18 Victoria get lost in Vancouver.
9 Her grandmother visit her.
llO Her life be very different.
C Use the phrases in the box and will/'ll t o make decisions.
buy some tomorrow do it t o m o r r o w got my coat
give her some milk have a swim talk t o him
i l I'm cold.
litj e t ituj coat.
2 The baby is hungry.
3 I don't have any eggs.
4 I'm tired.
5 The sea is lovely.
6 There's Tom.
Underline t h e correct o p t i o n .
Paul: W h a t do you think,l
shall/will Sunday be all right
for the picnic?
Sunday z
will/won't be fine for me. But, wait...
Sunday is my dad's birthday.
3
Shall/WillNe have the picnic t o m o r r o w then?
4
Shall/ Will we have enough time t o buy the food?
We s
will /won't need much, just some snacks. M y
mum 6
shall/will probably make something nice.
7
Shalt/ Wilt I call everyone or 8
shall/will you do it?
I 9
7//won't do it, it's no problem.
Great. It l0
shall/will be a lovely picnic.
I just hope i t 1 1
7 / / won't rain.
Sue:
Paul:
Sue:
Paul:
Sue:
Paul:
Sue:
Paul:
I In your n o t e b o o k , w r i t e predictions about t h e f u t u r e
w i t h iv/7/ and won't. Begin each sentence w i t h / [don't]
think, I hope or I'm (not) sure.
1 everyone / speak Chinese
I'm not sure everjone witt speak Chinese.
2 we / live / on Mars
I hope we won't tive on Mars.
3
4
5
6
7
8
robots / do / all the housework
children / drive / t o school
everyone / have / a computer
people / live / until they are 120
I / rich
the w o r l d / be / very different
omul• * •»s
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • * * •
i
i
I 3
I Circle t h e correct o p t i o n .
I 1 I hope my sister this yoga CD.
I a w i l l likes b will liking c will like
I'm sure t i m e t o do yoga,
a she won't has b she won't have
c she won't be have
A: t o our new CD now? B: Yes!
a We shall listen b Shall we listened
c Shall we listen
A: W i l l I be good at yoga?
B: Yes,
a you will b you won't c you do
I think this yoga CD. It's t o o difficult,
a I'll stopped b I'll stop c I stop
I 5
i • • • • • • • < • • • • • • I q s *<v 3£ m 3 i : i J S 3 i A w
Will, shall, won't 45
47. Present continuous with future meaning
She's flying to Glasgow tomorrow.
On Tuesday morning she's flying to
Glasgow. She isn't having lunch because
she's making a video. At 9:00 on
Wednesday she's meeting her manager and
they're talking about a new film. Lucy is
seeing a friend at 11:00 and she's opening
a new theatre in the afternoon. The next
morning she's going back to Southampton.
She isn't working on Thursday, she's
spending time with her family.
Lucy Green is only sixteen but she
is already a famous actress. Today
is Monday and there is a busy week
ahead. Look at her diary.
1 W e d n e s d a y
' T h u r s d a y
True o r False? T h u r s d a y is a f r e e d a y f o r Lucy.
Present continuous with future meaning
1 Use t h e present continuous (be + verb + -ing) f o r plans in
t h e f u t u r e w h e n w e already k n o w t h e t i m e and place.
On Tuesday morning she's flying to Glasgow,
We're meeting at two o'clock.
2 W e o f t e n use t h e present continuous t o t a l k a b o u t a
definite t i m e in t h e f u t u r e , e.g. tomorrow, six o'clock,
on Friday.
I'm staying at home tonight.
She isn't working on Thursday,
4 6
3MI :J9MSUV
W e can o f t e n use going to instead o f t h e
present continuous w i t h f u t u r e meaning.
She's spending time with her family.
= She's going to spend time with her family.
• See Unit 5 for the present continuous and
Units 17 and 19 for more future forms.
48. Practice
A Look at Lucy's diary for Friday, then complete the
summary using present continuous statements.
p:00 mtet wMager + yign umjrait
iyWdh^i^^f^dkr iKihaM + read wr'upt
MOO -17:30 W Kate- _
U:00 - interview wvtkjcurndi^h _
IVOOtikijrS^M. hwi (Mm wtMivia
K e y 1
Sjettiiuj up earty 0 n Friday morning. A t 9:00
B i e 2
home. Her manager
I her at 11:00 and they
• the contract. Lucy
• lunch w i t h everyone in the
theatre and t h e y 6
the script. In the
afternoon she7
her friend Kate.
I At 18:00 some journalists8
her. At
• 21:00 she9
the train home. Her
mum • her at the station.
Here is part of Lucy's interview. Match the questions
I to the correct answers, then write both in full using the
present continuous.
1 Lucy /you / go / t o the Cannes film festival?
2 you/have/a holiday/there?
3 you/fly/to Zurich?
14 where / you / stay? •
15 your sister /travel / w i t h you?
• No/1/do / a drama course
b N o / w e / n o t g o / t o g e t h e r
|c No /1 / spend / the spring / in Switzerland
Id I/rent/ a flat / in Geneva
e Yes / but / I / not stay / in Zurich
II Question: Ucij, are^jcujeind to tne Cannes film festival7
Lucy: lOo, Im spending tne spring in Switzerland.
2 Question:
I Lucy:
3 Question:
I Lucy:
4 Question:
I Lucy:
5 Question:
I Lucy:
C Complete this telephone dialogue with present
continuous forms of the verbs in the box.
come do not do give go meet play play
not spend not stay take
Angela:
Stacy:
Angela:
Stacy:
Angela:
Stacy:
Angela:
Hi, Stacy.1
Ore you ^Oin^
to the school disco tonight?
No way! 2
I my Friday night at
school. 1 3
my brother at 8.
4
he you w i t h
him t o the hockey game?
Yes, I'm so excited. H e 5
against
a very good team tonight. Steven Stamkos
6
.that guy f r o m the N H L
Steven Stamkos!' he
too?
No, he 8
the prizes. He
9
long. Anyway, what
1 0
you after the
disco?
1 1 1
anything special.
MV TURN!
^^ma$n^ W h a t are you doing
next week? First, write notes in your notebook, then
write at least six present continuous sentences. Some
can be negatives.
Examples:
I'm watcnin^ mtjself on TV.
I'm not jetting up before 12 tomorrow,
Circle the correct option.
1 my manager t o m o r r o w evening.
a I'm meeting b I meeting c I meet
2 the new contract.
a He'll bringing b He's bringing c He's bring
3 coming t o the theatre?
a You're b W i l l you c Are you
4 A: Are you making a video next week?
B: No, I made it last week.
a I don't b I won't c I'm not
5 We staying in a hotel.
a aren't b won't c don't
E
S 3 ^ 3
£ Q Z B
T : S J S M S U B I I S A I
Present c o n t i n u o u s w i t h f u t u r e m e a n i n g 47
49. Be going to
I'm going to use magic.
The dragon is very angry (and hungry!) now - it's going to
eat you! You don't have a sword — i p o so you aren't
going to fight an angry dragon! Are you going to run away?
I'm not going to fight. I'm going to run away.
^ 9* Turn to page 212.
I'm going to use magic.
»» Turn to page 45.
I'm going to speak nicely to the
dragon. We're going to be friends!
»» Turn to page 170.
W h i c h answer
• w o u l d y o u give?
Be going to
1 Use be going to + infinitive w i t h o u t to (e.g. do, say, have) f o r
predictions about t h e f u t u r e based on w h a t w e see or k n o w
now.
The dragon is very angry - it's going to eat you!
The water is cold. I'm not going to swim.
2 O f t e n be going to + infinitive w i t h o u t to shows t h a t
something is going t o happen i m m e d i a t e l y or very soon.
Be careful, it's going to fall!
Julie is working too hard. She's going to get ill.
3 Use be going to + infinitive w i t h o u t to for plans and decisions.
I'm going to use magic.
Are you going to clean your shoes ?
4 W e can also use t h e present continuous (be + verb + -ing) t o
talk about plans and decisions.
I'm meeting Fiona tonight. = I'm going to meet Fiona tonight.
Be going to ( N O T t h e present continuous) can be used
f o r plans which have not been scheduled.
I'm going to buy a laptop tomorrow. = I'm buying a
laptop tomorrow. (A plan, I know when.)
One day, I'm going to marry a prince. N O T One day, I'm
marrying a prince. (A plan but I don't know when.)
statement / negative X
1 am ('m) going t o see am f m ) not going to
see
H e /
S h e /
It
is ('s) going t o see
is not (isn't / ' s not)
going t o see
Y o u /
W e /
They
are ('re) going t o see
are not (aren't / 're
not) going t o see
question ? short a n s w e r / X
A m 1 going t o see...? Yes, 1 am.
No, 1 a m f m ) not.
Is he / she / it going Yes, (he) is.
t o see...? No, (he) is not (isn't / ' s not).
Are you / we / they
going t o see...?
Yes, (you) are.
No, (you) are not (aren't / 're not).
V
• See Units 17 and 18 for more future forms.
4 8
•
50. Practice
A What is (or is not) going t o happen next? Look at t h e
pictures and complete t h e sentences w i t h be going to
and a verb from the box.
break buy cry finish have snow
1 She sjeuuj to bcuj a new dress.
E The ball window.
13 It
ft The baby
5 The manager work early.
[6 She a baby.
B C o m p l e t e t h e sentences w i t h be going to. Some are
negatives or questions.
1 I love science. I rn^Otncj to study Physics at university.
2 She feels hungry, so she have dinner.
3 The party is tomorrow. you come?
4 He's broken his leg, so he play tonight.
5 They like fast cars. They buy a Ferrari.
6 A: he win? B: I hope so.
7 We don't have tickets for the concert. We
see it.
C Underline t h e correct o p t i o n . Sometimes b o t h options
are possible.
We're going to do/doing it soon.
John is going to do/doing it tomorrow.
M y son is going to win/winning an Olympic medal in
2020.
Are you going to study/studying hard at college next
year?
M y sister is going to have/having a baby in December.
We're not going to finish/finishing it soon, unfortunately.
Glenda is going to write/writing a book one day.
Is Dad going to take/taking you t o the airport on
Saturday?
J Read t h e sentences, make your o w n predictions w i t h be
going to and w r i t e t h e m in your notebook.
1 The dog is hungry. It sees some meat on the table.
Tke ao^'sjouuj tojump on the table and eat tne meat,
2 Mike sees a nice jacket in the shop window.
3 I don't speak French well but I know the phone
number o f a private French teacher.
4 You like Biology and you are a good student.
5 Sally wants a car but her salary is very small.
6 They live in a t o w n but they don't like the noise and
pollution.
7 You find 100 euros in the street. You see a police officer.
• • • • • i
• •••••••
Circle the correct o p t i o n .
1 Be careful! The dragon up. a be going t o wake b is going t o wake c is going t o waking
• to read this adventure book again. Do you want it? a I don't going b I'm not going c I won't going |
[3 A: Are they going t o be friends? B:Yes, a t h e y a r e b they going c they do
m A: magic? B: No, she isn't. She's going t o run away, a She is going t o use b Is she going use c Is she going t o use '
15 Relax! The dragon you. It's a very friendly dragon, a aren't going t o eat b isn't going t o eat c not going to eat '
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Be going to 49
