1st quarter terms reviewer

1. INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY
REVIEWER FOR 1ST QTR EXAMS

2. ____________________ The Greek term for
philosophy, philosophia, means ___________.

3. “LOVE OF WISDOM”. The Greek term for
philosophy, philosophia, means ___________.

4. ____________________ . The Greek philosopher Plato believes
that philosophy is brought about by man’s sense of
_______________.

5. WONDER. The Greek philosopher Plato believes that philosophy
is brought about by man’s sense of _______________.

6. ____________________ He believes that persons
engage in philosophy in order to make sense of
difficult life experiences.

7. KARL JASPERS He believes that person’s engage in
philosophy in order to make sense of difficult life
experiences.

8. ____________________ Re Descartes considers
this as a reason why people philosophize.

9. DOUBT Re Descartes considers this as a reason
why people philosophize.

10. ____________________ It refers to a way of
thinking about the world and is made up of
a person’s views and beliefs.

11. FRAMEWORK. It refers to a way of thinking
about the world and is made up of a
person’s views and beliefs.

12. __________. These are questions that examine
personal ideas regarding correctness and values.

13. INTERNAL QUESTIONS These are questions that
examine personal ideas regarding correctness and
values.

14. ____________________ It is an activity that
requires a person to examine his or her thoughts,
feelings, and actions and learn from experience.

15. REFLECTION It is an activity that requires a
person to examine his or her thoughts, feelings,
and actions and learn from experience.

16. ____________________ It is a perspective that
considers the “bigger picture” when looking at
problems and situations.

17. HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE It is a perspective that
considers the “bigger picture” when looking at
problems and situations.

18. ____________________ It is a perspective that
focuses on specific aspects of a situation.

19. PARTIAL PERSPECTIVE It is a perspective that
focuses on specific aspects of a situation.

20. ____________ It is the clear awareness and
understanding of something.

21. KNOWLEDGE It is the clear awareness and
understanding of something.

22. ____________________ It is the study or discipline
that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate
causes, reasons, and principles which govern all
things.

23. PHILOSOPHY It is the study or discipline that uses
human reason to investigate the ultimate causes,
reasons, and principles which govern all things.

24. ____________ These are statements which are
observed to be real or truthful.

25. FACTS These are statements which are observed
to be real or truthful.

26. ____________ These are comprised of statements
that provide views on a certain manner.

27. OPINION These are comprised of statements that
provide views on a certain manner.

28. __________ This is a judgment based on certain
facts.

29. CONCLUSION This is a judgment based on certain
facts.

30. __________ These are statements that assume a
claim is true and provide reasons to support them.

31. EXPLANATIONS These are statements that assume
a claim is true and provide reasons to support
them.

32. __________ This is a series of statements that
provide reasons to convince a person that a claim
or opinion is truthful.

33. ARGUMENTS This is a series of statements that
provide reasons to convince a person that a claim
or opinion is truthful.

34. __________ These are arguments based on faulty
reasoning.

35. FALLACIES These are arguments based on faulty
reasoning.

36. _________ These are tendencies or influences that
affect the views of people.

37. BIASES These are tendencies or influences that
affect the views of people.

38. _________ These are statements which need to be
examined to determine whether they are true or
false.

39. CLAIMS These are statements which need to be
examined to determine whether they are true or
false.

40. _________ The branch of Philosophy that focuses
on the analysis of arguments.

41. LOGIC The branch of Philosophy that focuses on
the analysis of arguments.

42. __________ Attacking the person presenting the
argument instead of the argument itself.

43. Ad hominem Attacking the person presenting the
argument instead of the argument itself.

44. __________ Using the threat of force or an
undesirable event to advance an argument.

45. APPEAL TO FORCE Using the threat of force or an
undesirable event to advance an argument.

46. __________ These are statements that express
convictions that are not easily explained by facts.

47. BELIEFS These are statements that express
convictions that are not easily explained by facts.

48. __________ Using emotions such as pity or
sympathy.

49. APPEAL TO EMOTIONS Using emotions such as
pity or sympathy.

50. __________ The idea is presented as acceptable
because a lot of people accept it.

51. APPEAL TO POPULAR The idea is presented as
acceptable because a lot of people accept it.

52. __________ Assuming the thing or idea to be
proven is true; also known as “circular argument.”

53. BEGGING THE QUESTION Assuming the thing or
idea to be proven is true; also known as “circular
argument.”

54. __________ Assuming a “cause-and-effect”
relationship between unrelated events.

55. CAUSE-AND-EFFECT Assuming a “cause-and-
effect” relationship between unrelated events.

56. __________ Assuming that what is true or a part
is true for the whole.

57. FALLACY OF COMPOSITION Assuming that what is
true or a part is true for the whole.

58. __________ Assuming that what is true for the
whole is true for its parts.

59. FALLACY OF DIVISION Assuming that what is true
for the whole is true for its parts.

60. __________ Tendency to judge a person’s
personality by his or her actions, without regard
for external factors or influences.

61. CORRESPONDENCE BIAS OR ATTRIBUTION EFFECT
Tendency to judge a person’s personality by his or
her actions, without regard for external factors or
influences.

62. __________ Tendency to look for and readily
accept information which fits one’s own beliefs or
views and to reject ideas or views that go against
it.

63. CONFIRMATION BIAS Tendency to look for and
readily accept information which fits one’s own
beliefs or views and to reject ideas or views that
go against it.

64. __________ Focusing on a certain aspect of a
problem while ignoring other aspects.

65. FRAMING Focusing on a certain aspect of a
problem while ignoring other aspects.

66. __________ The tendency to see past events as
predictable, or to ascribe a pattern to historical
events.

67. HINDSIGHT The tendency to see past events as
predictable, or to ascribe a pattern to historical
events.

68. __________ A person or group is connected to or
has a vested interest in the issue being discussed.

69. CONFLICT OF INTEREST A person or group is
connected to or has a vested interest in the issue
being discussed.

70. __________ Analyzing an event or issue based on
one’s cultural standards.

71. CULTURAL BIAS Analyzing an event or issue based
on one’s cultural standards.

72. __________ This term refers to man as a species
and distinguishes man from other animals.

73. HUMAN BEING This term refers to man as a
species and distinguishes man from other animals.

74. __________ This refers to the ability of the person
to experience an “inner world” that is defined by
personal thoughts and ideas.

75. INTERIORITY This refers to the ability of the
person to experience an “inner world” that is
defined by personal thoughts and ideas.

76. __________ This refers to the totality of an
individual who possesses awareness, self-
determination, and the capacity to interact with
others.

77. PERSON This refers to the totality of an individual
who possesses awareness, self-determination,
and the capacity to interact with others.

78. __________ This refers to an individual who is
actively aware that he or she is perceiving and
experiencing reality.

79. SELF-AWARENESS This refers to an individual who
is actively aware that he or she is perceiving and
experiencing reality.

80. __________ This is the capability to reach out and
interact with others and the world.

81. EXTERNALITY This is the capability to reach out
and interact with others and the world.

82. __________This view places great value on
ecosystems and biological communities.

83. ECOCENTRISM This view places great value on
ecosystems and biological communities.

84. __________ This is the inherent value of a person
which can not be expressed in quantifiable terms.

85. DIGNITY This is the inherent value of a person
which can not be expressed in quantifiable terms.

86. __________ This is the intangible element that
enables us to exercise thought, possess
awareness, and reach out to the outside world
and others.

87. SPIRIT This is the intangible element that enables
us to exercise thought, possess awareness, and
reach out to the outside world and others.

88. __________ This is the ability to surpass limits.

89. TRANSCENDENCE This is the ability to surpass
limits.

90. __________ This is the branch of philosophy that
is concerned with the natural environment and
humanity’s place in it.

91. ENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY This is the branch
of philosophy that is concerned with the natural
environment and humanity’s place in it.

92. __________This view considers man the most
important species on the planet.

93. ANTHROPOCENTRISM This view considers man
the most important species on the planet.

94. __________ This view believes that all organisms
have inherent worth and should be valued and
protected.

95. BIOCENTRISM This view believes that all
organisms have inherent worth and should be
valued and protected.

96. __________ This perspective advocates action to
address environmental problems.

97. ENVIRONMENTALISM This perspective advocates
action to address environmental problems.

98. __________ This concept refers to the fair
distribution of environmental benefits and burden
of addressing environmental challenges.

99. ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE This concept refers to
the fair distribution of environmental benefits and
burden of addressing environmental challenges.

100. __________ This is a moral approach in analyzing
the relationship between humans and the
environment.

101. ENVIRONMENTAL EHTICS This is a moral approach
in analyzing the relationship between humans and
the environment.