This document discusses contrast media administration techniques and safety aspects. It defines contrast media as substances that increase radiographic contrast in areas where it was previously absent or low. It describes various routes of administration including enteral, parental, and topical. It provides details on intravenous, oral, rectal, intramuscular, intradermal, and other methods. It discusses equipment, potential reactions at different severity levels, and treatments for reactions like oxygen, corticosteroids, and epinephrine. It also covers patient evaluation, vital signs, premedication protocols, and the five rights of medication administration to ensure contrast media is used safely.
2. Definition
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Contrast media is a chemical substance which when introduced
into the body will increase the radiographic contrast in an area
where it was absent or low before.
8. Cont..
Intravenous contrast- ionic and non ionic
Now in radiology commonly we are using non ionic
compound contrast only
The risk of the contrast media is very less
Examples:
- Iopamidol (Isovue)
- Iohexol (Omnipaque)
- Ioprmide ( Ultravist)
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12. Reactions
• Difficulty with breathing
• light headache
• Pain at injection site
Mild
• Feeling of warmth
• Hypertension
• Bradycardia
Moderate
• Cardiac,
• Respiratory arrest
Severe
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13. Oral administration
Used to enhance
gastrointestinal organs and
pelvic region
Patient should under go bowel
preparation
Patient should be fasting
several hours before
investigation
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14. Types of oral contrast
BARIUM SULPHATE
Commonly used oral contrast for Gastro-Intestinal
tract imaging .
It is excreted through the rectum with the feces.
GASTROGRAFFIN
Yellowish water based drink mixed with iodine . It
has bitter taste
MANITOL (C6H10O6)
White powder substances , sweet in taste.
3 table spoon of manitol in 1 liter of water for
abdomen CT scan.
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15. Reactions
• Nausea, vomiting
• headache
Mild
• Persistent vomiting
• Difficulty with breathing or
swallowing
• Perforation
Moderate
• Laryngeal edema
• Pharyngeal edema
Severe
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16. Intramuscular administration
Given into the muscle.
Site -Deltoid muscle of upper arm or gluteal muscle
in the hip or vastus lateralis muscle of the lateral
thigh.
Equipment – needle 1 inch.
(22 gauge).
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17. Reactions
• Nausea, vomiting
• Headache
• Pain at injection site
Mild
• Irritation of skin
• Urticaria, fever
• Breathlessness
Moderate
• Paralysis
• Edema
Severe
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18. Intradermal administration
Given between epidermis and dermis layer of the
skin.
Given as a test dose to check patient sensitivity to
contrast media or a drug.
Equipment – tuberculin syringe with 26 gauge
needle 5/8inch.
Site – anterior forearm.
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19. Rectal administration
Given through the Anus.
Used to enhanced images of
large intestine.
Administrated through enema
Eg- Barium Enema
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20. Reactions
• Nausea, vomiting
• Headache
• Cold
Mild
• Discomfort
• Abdominal pain
• Local trauma to rectum
Moderate
• Hypotension
• Edema
Severe
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21. Interosseous administration
Synovial joint space
examination using contrast
medium.
Commonly studied knee
and hip joint
Occasionally the shoulder ,
temporo-mandibular joint,
wrist and elbow joint.
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24. PATIENT EVALUATION
Patient history
Patient name
Age, gender
Past/Present history
Lab report
Blood urea(8-35 mg/dl)
Serum creatine level (0.6-1.6 mg/dl)
Serum potassium level (135-145 mmol/l)
Blood report
Medications – currently / recently used
Pregnancy
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25. VITAL SIGNS
Body temperature
Blood pressure
Heart rate(pulse rate)
Respiratory rate
O2 saturation
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26. PREMEDICATION PROTOCOL FOR ALLERGIC PATIENTS:
PREDNIOSOLONE 50 mg ORAL. 12, 6, 1 hrs before contrast
injection.
METHYL PREDNISOLONE 32 mg ORAL. 12 and 2 hrs
before contrast injection.
AT THE TIME OF CONTRAST INJECTION:
HYDROCORTISONE 200 mg, I V, 1 hr before contrast
injection.
DIPHENHYDRAMINE 50mg,I M/ORAL, 1 hr before contrast
injection.
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