The document discusses various ways that harnessing light can benefit society. It can be used for laser cutting, tissue growth through biosensors and scaffolding, and cell communication through light signals. Developing nanobots and nanodevices could help detect malicious cells early. Harnessing light also enables printing electronic circuits more cheaply. Key challenges are developing materials that don't absorb radiation and improving solar cells to provide half the world's energy by 2100. Meeting computing and communication needs worldwide through light-based technologies could also benefit humanity if UV and gamma rays are applied safely.