This project presentation describes a system to demonstrate three phase faults with automatic reset for temporary faults and tripping for permanent faults. The system uses a 555 timer circuit to detect whether a fault is temporary or permanent. For a temporary fault detected by the timer operating in astable mode, the system will automatically reset. But for a permanent fault detected by the timer in monostable mode, the system will trigger a trip. The presentation includes the problem statement, proposed methodology using circuit diagrams, expected results and timeline, cost estimation, and references. The goal is to model low voltage fault conditions for education.

1. PROJECT PRESENTATION
ON
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO
RESET FOR TEMPORARY FAULT AND TRIP FOR
PERMANENT FAULT
SUBMITTED BY: GUIDE:
1. Aryan Patel 1BI15EE012
2. Shreedhara. K R 1BI16EE407
3. Roopa.N 1BI17EE407
4. Sumalatha. N A 1BI17EE409
C P. Harshavardan
Assistant Professor
EEE Dept.
BIT Bangalore
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
VENUE:
BIT Bangalore

2. Contents:
 Introduction
 Problem statement
 Proposed work
 Methodology
 Block Diagram
 Circuit diagram
 Literature survey
 Expected results and time of completion
 Cost of Estimation
 References
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY
FAULT AND TRIP FOR PERMANENT FAULT

3. INTRODUCTION:
 Causes of faults .
 Types of faults:
Symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults
Permanent and semi permanent faults.
 Fault statistics :
70% - 90% transient faults.
10% - 30% Temporary & Permanent Fault.
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY
FAULT AND TRIP FOR PERMANENT FAULT

4. Problem statement:
 Lightning is the most common cause of transient
faults, partially resulting from insulator flashover.
 Swinging of conductors and temporary contact with
foreign objects.
 A small branch falling onto the line can cause
semi permanent fault.
 If overhead line is broken , causes a phase to open , or
a broken pole causing the phases to short together.
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY
FAULT AND TRIP FOR PERMANENT FAULT

5. Proposed work:
 It is not advisable to create fault on main lines of three
phase transmission line. So, in this concept low voltage
testing of fault conditions is followed.
 Auto reclosing can significantly reduce the outage time
due to faults and to provide a higher level of service
continuity to the customer.
 High speed auto reclosing on transmission line can be a
major factor when attempting to maintain a system
stability.
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY
FAULT AND TRIP FOR PERMANENT FAULT

6. Methodology:
 The board is powered from three phase supply, all the 6 relay
coils gets dc supply from the rectifier circuit.
 The common points disconnects from NC and move on to NO
points.
 555 timer is used in astable mode as well as in monostable
mode to detect the type of the fault.
 Monostable mode of timer, recognise the permanent fault.
 Astable mode of timer, recognise the temporary fault.
 The output of Op-amp remains high indefinitely through a
positive feedback.
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY
FAULT AND TRIP FOR PERMANENT FAULT

7. Block Diagram:
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY
FAULT AND TRIP FOR PERMANENT FAULT

8. Circuit diagram:
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY
FAULT AND TRIP FOR PERMANENT FAULT

9. Power circuit
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY
FAULT AND TRIP FOR PERMANENT FAULT

10. CONTROL CIRCUIT:
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY
FAULT AND TRIP FOR PERMANENT FAULT

11. HARDWARE COMPONENTS AND ITS
SPECIFICATIONS:
 TRANSFORMER - 230/12 V
 VOLTAGE REGULATOR - LM7805
 TIMER - IC555
 DIODE - BY127
 OP-AMP - IC741
 RELAY - 12V
 RESISTOR - 100,2k,10k ohms
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY
FAULT AND TRIP FOR PERMANENT FAULT

12. Advantages
 It houses all the connected devices against overload
and short circuits.
 Ensures personal safety and integrity of the
equipment.
 Isolates electric circuits from power supply to enable a
safe execution of maintenance activities to clear faults.
 Fast operation
 Higher reliability.
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY
FAULT AND TRIP FOR PERMANENT FAULT

13. Practical applications:
 Substations
 Transmission lines
 Industries
 Apartments
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY
FAULT AND TRIP FOR PERMANENT FAULT

14. LITERATURE SURVEY:
Impact of open phase fault conditions on electrical
protection of motor behaviour
W. Johnson, “EPR Open-Phase Detection Method,”, EPRI,
Palo Alto, California, Interim Report, (Oct. 2014)
 The possible protection and identification methods
 Nature of open phase faults
 Trip function based on unbalance factor
 Overload protection
 Influence of voltage unbalance on induction motor
behaviour
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY
FAULT AND TRIP FOR PERMANENT FAULT

15. Review paper on three phase fault analysis with
auto reset technology on temporary fault or
remain tripped otherwise
singh, manohar, 2011. Transmission Line fault detection
& classification. Ieee, 3, 6.
 Faults in power system
 Fault detection and classification methods.
 Fault location algorithm for multi location faults.
 Multiple failure analysis for complex electrical power
system.
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY
FAULT AND TRIP FOR PERMANENT FAULT

16. Three Phase Fault Analysis with Auto Reset for
Temporary Fault and Trip for Permanent Fault
Sathish Bakanagari1 , A. Mahesh Kumar2 , M. Cheenya3 12(Asst.prof in
EEE Department) 3 (Asst.Prof in ECE Department) Mahaveer Institute
of Science and Technology, bandlaguda, Hyderabad.A.P.
FEATURES:
• Output Current up to 1A.
• Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V.
• Thermal Overload Protection.
• Short Circuit Protection.
• Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection.
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY
FAULT AND TRIP FOR PERMANENT FAULT

17. Conductivity test
1. Continuity test
2. Power On test
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY FAULT
AND TRIP FOR PERMANENT FAULT

18. Cost of Estimation:
Sl.No Components Specification Quantity Cost in Rs Total
01 Transformer 230/12V 06 750 2250
02 Relays triple pole 06 60 360
03 Timer IC-555 02 50 100
04 Op-Amp IC-741 01 45 45
05 PCB Board 02 50 100
06 Voltage
Regulator
LM-7805 03 100 300
07 Lamps 12V 03 80 240
08 LED’s 10 20 200
09 Diodes BY-127 200 20 400
10 Accessories Lump Sum 2500 2500
Total 6415
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY
FAULT AND TRIP FOR PERMANENT FAULT

19. Expected Results:
Three single phase transformers, 230/12V of output.
To develop an automatic tripping mechanism for the three
phase supply system.
Short duration faults returns the supply to load
immediately called temporary trip.
Long duration shall results in permanent trip.
555 timer with relay is used for the fault
analysis(temporary fault or permanent fault).
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY
FAULT AND TRIP FOR PERMANENT FAULT

20. References :
 Sathish Bakanagari et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-
Dec 2013, pp.1082-1086 –RESEARCH ARTICLE.
 Kimbark, Edward Wilson, ScD; Power System Stability; John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., N.Y., London.
 [HAVRAN, F.J. 1999. Fault investigation on power transmission system.
ESKOM. Internal document: 38, 96-99KELLER, P. 1998. Correct fault
analysis. Eskom internal document.
 Turan Gonen, “Electric Power Transmission System Engineering, Analysis
and Design”, Crc Press Taylor and Francis Group.
 Paul M. Anderson, “Analysis of Faulted Power Systems”, The Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 1995.
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY
FAULT AND TRIP FOR PERMANENT FAULT

21. Acknowledgement
 We are deeply indebted to our guide C.P.
HARSHAVARDHAN, Assistant Professor, Dept. of
Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Bangalore Institute of
Technology, for his immense and invaluable support,
guidance and encouragement throughout the course of our
project work.
 It is our duty to extend our gratitude to the project
committee, Prof. J. ASHWATHNARAYANAPPA, Associate
Professor, Dr. G. SUDHA, Associate Professor and Dr. H. B.
NAGESH, Associate Professor, for their valuable
suggestions, revisions, and immense support in
maintaining quality project work.
18/08/2020
Dept Of EEE, BIT
DEMONSTRATION OF THREE PHASE FAULT WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY
FAULT AND TRIP FOR PERMANENT FAULT