3. Born in August 5, 1903
Cheyenne, Wyoming, US
Died September 3, 1981 (aged 78)
Ann Arbor, Michigan, US
Resting place Forest Hill Cemetery (Ann Arbor,
Michigan) (Lot 50, Number 8)
Employer(s) USDA University of Michigan
RENSIS LIKERT
Likert at the Universityof MichiganInstitutefor SocialResearch in 1961
.
Likert Scale, Likert's Management Systems,
Linking pin model
5. Exploitative –
Authoritative
Benevolent -
Authoritative
Consultative
Participative
What Is the Likert Management System (Leadership Styles)?
In the 1960s. The psychologist Resins Likert and his colleagues of the
University of Michigan, USA, identified four systems of
management(four main styles of leadership) after studying the patterns
and styles of managers in many organizations. These four systems show
how managers (Leaders) and subordinates (Employees) interact with
each other in an organization. They are based on certain organizational
variables like leadership, motivation, communication, interaction and
influence, decision-making process, goal setting and control process.
The four systems are
1. Exploitive Authoritative
2. Benevolent Authoritative
3. Consultative
4. Participative
6. Likert's Leadership Styles
Participative
(Democratic)
Carrot and Stick approach is the main
feature of this style of leadership. The
followers who follow the instructions
and are obedient are given rewards
butat the same time, the members
who are not cooperative and efficient
get punishment. A certain amount off
redeem is allowed to the followers.
also an autocratic style of leadership
but not as extreme as system?
Exploitative-Authoritative
This is an extreme autocratic
leadership style. Only highly formal
communication between the leader and
the followers takes place. The leader
himself takes all the decision and pass
down the clear instruction to the
followers which they have to accept
without any further discussion.
Involvement of the member in the
decision making is absolutely absent.
Benevolent-Authoritative
In this style, work-related decisions are
taken in consultation with the
subordinates. Subordinates are free to
share their feeling and issues with the
superiors. There is two-way
communication between the leader and
the followers. More emphasis Is on the
rewards and the positive motivational
measures rather than on punishments
and negative measures
Consultative
The democratic style is considered the
ideal style of leadership. Here the
subordinates actively participate in
goalsetting and decision making
Relations between the leader and the
subordinates are very cordial in this
style. The followers enjoy a free
working environment where they can
utilize their skills to the fullest. They
are encouraged and motivated to
assume responsibilities..
7. System 1: Exploitative-Authoritative
Exploitative Authoritative systems are extremely hierarchical, with power and
responsibility lying at higher levels within the organization. The superior has no trust
and confidence in subordinates. The decisions are imposed on subordinates and they do
not feel free at all to discuss things about the job with their superior. The teamwork or
communication is very little, and the motivation is based on threats.
8. SYSTEM 1 : EXPLOITATIVE-AUTHORITATIVE
Exploitative Authoritative systems are extremely hierarchical,
with power and responsibility lying at higher levels within the
organization. The superior has no trust and confidence in
subordinates. The decisions are imposed on subordinates and they do
not feel free at all to discuss things about the job with their superior.
The teamwork or communication is very little, and the motivation is
based on threats.
SystemCharacteristicsandKeyAspects:
✓ Decision-making and responsibility at upper levels of the
organizational hierarchy
✓ Little to no trust in employees
✓ Decisions and roles are imposed on employees
✓ Employees cannot openly discuss decisions and roles with
managers
✓ Employees may engage in counter-productive behavior
✓ Motivation by punishments and threats-play on fear Teamwork
and communication are minimal
Exploitative Authoritative
1
10. System 1: Exploitative-Authoritative
Exploitative Authoritative systems are extremely hierarchical, with power and
responsibility lying at higher levels within the organization. The superior has no trust
and confidence in subordinates. The decisions are imposed on subordinates and they do
not feel free at all to discuss things about the job with their superior. The teamwork or
communication is very little, and the motivation is based on threats.
11. SYSTEM 1 : EXPLOITATIVE-AUTHORITATIVE
Exploitative Authoritative systems are extremely hierarchical,
with power and responsibility lying at higher levels within the
organization. The superior has no trust and confidence in
subordinates. The decisions are imposed on subordinates and they do
not feel free at all to discuss things about the job with their superior.
The teamwork or communication is very little, and the motivation is
based on threats.
SystemCharacteristicsandKeyAspects:
✓ Decision-making and responsibility at upper levels of the
organizational hierarchy
✓ Little to no trust in employees
✓Decisions and roles are imposed on employees
✓ Employees cannot openly discuss decisions and roles with
managers
✓ Employees may engage in counter-productive behavior
✓ Motivation by punishments and threats-play on fear Teamwork
and communication are minimal
Exploitative Authoritative
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13. System 1: Exploitative-Authoritative
Exploitative Authoritative systems are extremely hierarchical, with power and
responsibility lying at higher levels within the organization. The superior has no trust
and confidence in subordinates. The decisions are imposed on subordinates and they do
not feel free at all to discuss things about the job with their superior. The teamwork or
communication is very little, and the motivation is based on threats.
14. SYSTEM 1 : EXPLOITATIVE-AUTHORITATIVE
Exploitative Authoritative systems are extremely hierarchical,
with power and responsibility lying at higher levels within the
organization. The superior has no trust and confidence in
subordinates. The decisions are imposed on subordinates and they do
not feel free at all to discuss things about the job with their superior.
The teamwork or communication is very little, and the motivation is
based on threats.
SystemCharacteristicsandKeyAspects:
✓ Decision-making and responsibility at upper levels of the
organizational hierarchy
✓ Little to no trust in employees
✓Decisions and roles are imposed on employees
✓ Employees cannot openly discuss decisions and roles with
managers
✓ Employees may engage in counter-productive behavior
✓ Motivation by punishments and threats-play on fear Teamwork
and communication are minimal
Exploitative Authoritative
This is a sample text. You can replace this text. Enter your text here.
16. System 1: Exploitative-Authoritative
Exploitative Authoritative systems are extremely hierarchical, with power and
responsibility lying at higher levels within the organization. The superior has no trust
and confidence in subordinates. The decisions are imposed on subordinates and they do
not feel free at all to discuss things about the job with their superior. The teamwork or
communication is very little, and the motivation is based on threats.
17. SYSTEM 1 : EXPLOITATIVE-AUTHORITATIVE
Exploitative Authoritative systems are extremely hierarchical,
with power and responsibility lying at higher levels within the
organization. The superior has no trust and confidence in
subordinates. The decisions are imposed on subordinates and they do
not feel free at all to discuss things about the job with their superior.
The teamwork or communication is very little, and the motivation is
based on threats.
SystemCharacteristicsandKeyAspects:
✓ Decision-making and responsibility at upper levels of the
organizational hierarchy
✓ Little to no trust in employees
✓Decisions and roles are imposed on employees
✓ Employees cannot openly discuss decisions and roles with
managers
✓ Employees may engage in counter-productive behavior
✓ Motivation by punishments and threats-play on fear Teamwork
and communication are minimal
Exploitative Authoritative
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