alcohol ayurvedic and modern perspective

2. ETHYL AND METHYL ALCOHOL
मद्य एवं मदात्यय

3. परिचय
मद्य संधान कल्पना का उत्पाद है। मद्य अलग-
अलग द्रव्यों के ममश्रण से बनाई जाती है अतैव मद्य
अनेक गुण युक्त होती है परन्तु सभी प्रकार के मद्य में
मद गुण समान होता है। इसमलए गुण व दोष दोनों को ही
लक्षित करने वाली होती है।
आचायय सुश्रुतानुसार मद्य अम्ल रसप्रधान होता है एवं
गुणों में लघु, दीपन होता है। कई आचायों का मत है कक
मद्य में लवण रस के अततररक्त अन्य सभी रस
ववद्यमान रहते हैं।
प्रयोग, व्यक्क्त के सत्व व सेवन की गई मात्रा के
अनुसार मद्य के प्रभाव मभन्न-मभन्न ददखाई देते हैं।

4. परिभाषा
माद्यात्यनेन्किणे यत्
अर्ायत्जो मद उत्पन्न करे या इस प्रभाव को प्रकट
करने वाले सभी पदार्य मद्य होते हैं।
बुद्धिंलुम्पतत यद् द्रव्यिंंिं मदकारि तदुच्यते |
तमोगुणप्रधानिं च यथा मद्यिं सुिाददकम ्।।
(शा.पू.ख.4/21-22)
जो द्रव्य तमोगुण प्रधान होने के कािण सेवन किने पि बुद्ध का
नाश कि देते हैं वे द्रव्य मदकािी कहलाते हैं।

5. Madya k guna

6. Prabhava stages

7. Types

8. Diseases

9. मद्य के पूणयतया त्याग करने के
बाद सहसा अधधक मात्रा में पुनः
मद्य के सेवन से ध्वंसक व वविय
नामक रोग उत्पन्न होते हैं।

12. Management

15. ETHYL ALCOHOL
• Introduction: It is a colourless, transparent,
volatile liquid which has a spcific odour of
spirit. Its is extremely hygroscopic.
• Poison classification: Inebrient cerebral poison
• Synonym: Grain alcohol, ethanol
• Chemical poison: C2H5OH
• Boiling point: 78.4° C

16. Uses of alcohol
• It is used to dissolve bromine, iodine, resins,
volatile oils.
• It is an antiseptic.
• Alcoholic beverages
• Preservation(rectified spirit)
• Cough syrups
• Perfumes ,mouth washes

17. Alcohol content in beverages

19. ACUTE POISONING
• This may result from consumption of any preparation
containing alcohol either in small doses at short
interval, or in one big dose.
• While a few cases of intoxication from inhalation of
vapours are on record, this route cannot be regarded
as being of toxicological significance.
• Alcohol tends to produce three stages viz.
1. Stage of excitement
2. Intoxication
3. Narcosis

20. Stage of excitement
• Feeling of well being
• Altered behaviour
• Increased self confidence
• Increased blood circulation
• Decreased self control
• Talkativeness
• Reveals secrets
• Increased sexual desire
• Sentimentality

21. Stage of incoordination
• It is also called stage of confusion
•Muscular incoordination leads to staggering gait
•Slurred speech
•Blurred vision
•Nausea and vomiting
•Hiccups
•Dirty and dishevelled appearance
•Dilated pupils
•Medicolegally it is important stage as offences
are committed during this stage.

22. Stage of narcosis
• Also called stage of coma
• Person only respond to strong stimuli
• Pulse rate increases
• Temperature decreases
• Dryness of mouth and tongue
• Pupils may be contracted
• Macewan's sign: On stimulation on the
subject,eg by pinching his neck or face, I pupils
dilate initially and slowly return to their original
size.

24. • Cause of death: asphyxia due to respiratory paralysis
• Fatal dose: 150 to 250ml of absolute alcohol or
0.35%concentration of alcohol in blood
• Fatal period: 12-24 hours

25. Treatment
• Stomach should be lavaged with
care with 5% solution of sod.
bicarbonate in warm water.
• Patient should be kept warm.
• Vit. B6 is administered in dosage of 50-100 mg
• Artificial respiration may be necessary along
with oxygen inhalation.
• Intravenous administration of flumezenil(3 mg)
for respiratory depression.

26. Postmortem appearance
• Clothes may have stained by vomit material
• Rigor mortis remain for longer period
• Delay in putrefaction
• Smell of ethanol
• Liver, brain and lungs are congested
• Medicolegal importance: humans affected by
alcohol die by crimes influenced by alcohol or
accidents more than its poisoning.

27. CHRONIC POISONING
• This results from continous use of alcohol and is
characterised by a gradual physical, mental and
moral deterioration (alcoholic dementia)
• It is also known as alcoholism.
• Symptoms:
• Deep desire for
alcohol
• Withdrawl
symptoms

28. Symptoms

29. Treatment
• Restrict the use of alcohol.
• Balanced diet.
• Multivitamins.
• Vit E for clotting disorders.
• Folic acid.
• For withdrawl symptoms: diazepam,
carbamazepine.
• Aversion therapy: Disulphiram 0.2-0.75 gm/day
orally.

31. Introduction
• It is obtained from destructive distillation of molasses.
• It is colourless liquid which have a light spirit like odour.
• Classification: Inebrient cerebral poison.
• Synonym: Methanol, wood spirit
• Uses:
To varnish furniture
Antifreeze
Paint remover

32. Absorption and metabolism

33. Symptoms

35. METHANOL TOXICITY
• Fatal dose: 60-250 ml
10-15 ml cause blindness
• Fatal period: 24-36 hrs

36. Treatment
• Stomach wash by 5% solution of
sod.bicarbonate in warm water.
• Convulsions- paraldehyde I. M
• Acidosis- 2gm sod. bicarbonate solution in 250
ml of water.
• Hypokalaemia potassium salts.
• Cover the eyes from light.
• Symptomatic treatment.

39. Post mortem appearance
• Mucus membrane of stomach and intestine
are congested
• Lungs are congested with oedema
• Brain and its meninges are congested
• Kidney-tubular degeneration
• Eyes-degenerative changes in retina, optic
disc.
• Liver-necrobiosis

40. MEDICOLEGAL IMPORTANCE
• Accidental poisoning
• Methanol mixed cheap,ellicit alcohol abuse
• Abuse of paint remover, lather dyes,
windshield washing fluids or ingeation of its
vapours.

41. SUBMITTED BY:
MANDEEP KAUR
BAMS III YEAR
Roll no 13920821
SUBMITTED TO:
DR. SANDEEP PAL SINGH