overview of internet CN (arthi)

1. Overview of internet physical layer
congestion avoidance, overview of data link
control
Communication Networks
Ms.R.Arthi

2. Congestion
What is Congestion?
Definition of Congestion
 Network congestion occurs when there is an excessive amount
of data traffic on a network segment, causing delays, packet
loss, and degraded performance.
 Illustrated diagram showing a congested network segment.

3. Congestion
Causes of Congestion:
 Heavy Network Traffic
 Bottlenecks
 Network Failures
 Examples and graphics for each cause.

4. Congestion
Congestion Avoidance Techniques
 Traffic Shaping
 Load Balancing
 Quality of Service (QoS)
 Brief explanations and benefits of each technique.

5. Congestion
Flow Control in Congestion Avoidance
 Flow control mechanisms help regulate data transmission to
prevent congestion.
 Example: TCP's congestion control algorithms.

6. Data Link Control in Communication Networks:
What is Data Link Control?
Definition of Data Link Control
 Data Link Control (DLC) is the second layer of the OSI model
responsible for reliable data transfer.
 DLC ensures error detection, correction, and frame
synchronization

7. Data Link Control in Communication Networks:
Data Link Layer Protocols
 Ethernet
 PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)
 HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control)

8. Data Link Control in Communication Networks:
Error Detection and Correction
Data link control uses techniques like CRC (Cyclic Redundancy
Check) to detect and correct errors in transmitted data.

9. Framing
Framing in Data Link Control
 Frames are used to encapsulate data for transmission.
 Data is organized into frames for reliable delivery.

10. Flow Control at Data Link Layer
Flow Control in Data Link Control
 Flow control mechanisms like sliding window and stop-and-wait
are employed to manage the flow of data between sender and
receiver.