1. A.W. Kamng’ona1,2,3, S. Salter4, C. Chaguza1,3, K. Gray3,5, N. French1,3,6, S.D. Bentley4,7, R.S.
Heyderman1,8, D. B. Everett1,3
Figure 2 (A&B). Genera driving diversity by HIV infection. The
indicator species analysis was performed to determine the genera driving
the diversity by HIV infection. Moraxella (A) and Streptococcus (B) were
shown to be responsible for the observed diversity. Being HIV positive
was associated with a decrease in the abundance of Moraxella (Wilcoxon
test, p=0.016) in carriage and an increase in the abundance of
Streptococcus (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.002).
Nasopharyngeal microbiome in Malawian children who are
carriers of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Figure 3 (C&D). Microbial diversity by multiple pneumococcal
serotype carriage. Microbial diversity was compared between single
(n=24) and multiple (n=21) carriers of pneumococcal serotypes (C).
Multiple carriage was present in ~47% (21/45) of all the children in the
study. Based on PCoA (D), microbiome differences were not significant
according to PERMANOVA (R2=0.05, pseudo-F=2.10, p<0.076) and
ANOSIM (R=0.009, p=0.256).
1Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi. 2Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Malawi,
Blantyre, Malawi. 3Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom. 4Pathogen Genomics,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,
Cambridge, United Kingdom. 5Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi. 6Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research
Unit (MEIRU), Karonga, Malawi 7Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. 8Division of Infection and Immunity, University College
London, United Kingdom.
Methods We recruited 45 children who were either HIV negative (n=23) or HIV positive (n=22). The nasopharyngeal microbiome was characterised
by barcoded pyrosequencing of the V3-V5 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The microbiome data was analysed by QIIME and R. Multiple
carriage was determined by microarray serotyping using DNA extracted from a plate sweep of all culture colonies.
Results
Figure 1. Microbial diversity by HIV infection. Five predominant genera were detected (A): Streptococcus (68.2%), Moraxella (12.6%),
Corynebacterium (5.4%), Haemophilus (3.6%) and Staphylococcus (2.9%). The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) (B) was based on weighted
Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix. Microbiome differences are significant according to PERMANOVA (R2=0.13, pseudo-F=6.32, p<0.001) and
ANOSIM (R=0.12, p<0.001). The ellipses show 95% confidence intervals in multivariate space and dotted lines show distance of every sample to the
groups centroid.
Background Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) in Malawian children is common. We investigated the nasopharyngeal microbiome
profile in Malawian children carrying Spn, and whether it varied with carriage of multiple pneumococcal serotypes and HIV.
Summary We have demonstrated a shift in microbial diversity with HIV infection and not multiple carriage. Moraxella and Streptococcus
influenced diversity with HIV infection. The major limitation with this study is that it was conducted only on pneumococcal carriers. We recommend
further work to investigate and compare microbial diversity with non-carriers and potential implication on pneumococcal colonisation.
Acknowledgements The study reported on this poster was part of a PhD project funded by the Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust (MLW),
Blantyre, Malawi.
HIV Negative HIV Positive
0
20
40
60
80
Moraxella(%)
HIV Status
(A)
HIV Negative HIV Positive
0
20
40
60
80
100
Streptococcus(%)
HIV Status
(B)
(B)
0
5
10
15
20
0
5
10
15
20
HIVPostitiveHIVNegative
Alloiococcus
Corynebacterium
Haemophilus
Moraxella
Ralstonia
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Genus
Abundance
Genus
Alloiococcus
Corynebacterium
Haemophilus
Moraxella
Ralstonia
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
(A)
MultipleCarriageSingleCarriage
Alloiococcus
Corynebacterium
Haemophilus
Moraxella
Ralstonia
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Genus
Abundance
Genus
Alloiococcus
Corynebacterium
Haemophilus
Moraxella
Ralstonia
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
0
5
10
15
0
5
10
15
(C)
POSTER 413: ISPPD-10, Glasgow, 26th -30th June 2016
(D)