breeding programe

1. N41
1
2023 PNG UNRE Principle of Animal Genetics
Papua new guinea University of Natural Resources and Environment
Improving growth rate of the current pig breeds at PNG UNRE Farm - VUdal

2. 1. Background.
2. introduction
3. objective.
4. methodology
4. Result.
5. Discussion.
6. Conclusion.
7. Recommendation.
8. Reference.
N41
1
2023 PNG UNRE Principle of Animal Genetics

3. • PNG UNRE farm operation is categorized into three production groups; Agricultural tree
& Crop Production and Livestock Production.
• Currently, under livestock operation, the piggery section has four pig breeds with no
proper documentation of their pedigree information.
• The piggery section mainly focuses on meat production (carcass), by carrying out
uncontrol inbreeding (straight) practices within the available resources respectively.
• They also objected to producing breeding stock to supply farmers for production.
However, the growth and production rate of the breeds are uncertain due to lack of
progeny information of the available stock.
• Piggery section has no recommended established breeding system. However, the
management practices are fairly enough for standard production.
• Hence, this presented information will entirely focus on the subject breeding program.
The prime objective is to identify the existing breed’s gene pool to attain stock that will
express fast-growing characteristics.
• In contrast, “TRI-BREEDERS” undertaking, baseline survey in PNG UNRE farm, live-stock
section, piggery unit, focusing on the stated breeding objective; “TO IMPROVE GROWTH
RATE”. Basically, due to leak of breeding system in place for production currently.
N41
1
2023 PNG UNRE Principle of Animal Genetics

4. Breeding objective is a strategical documentation which describe the characteristics that
influences profit the most. Hence, the breeding objective can be specific, measurable and
attainable.
Thus, “the improved growth rate” is the proposed breeding objective, which will be
strategize for implication under piggery unit of PNGUNRE FARM, due to negative
establishment of breeding program presently.
Additionally, the presentation will stress briefly on the current practices concerning the
seven preliminary breeding program.
 the breeds used as breeder in the piggery section
The pedigree records
The performance data
Breeding program/system
Replacement stock
Selection and improvement of farm animals
Inbreeding and its effects on livestock performance.
N41
1
2023 PNG UNRE Principle of Animal Genetics

5. • The primary objective behind undertaking the case study is to identify
the current breeding practices in the PNG UNRE piggery unit and the
type of breeds use as a sources for the breeding system and to come-
up with a breeding system based on the underline breeding objective
(The Improved Growth Rate).
• To identify possible breeding approach that matches the production
capacity of the available resources prior to the proposed breeding
objecive “IMPROVING PIG GROWTH RATE”.
N41
1
2023 PNG UNRE Principle of Animal Genetics

6. • The practical site is PNG UNRE Farm – Live-stock Section (Piggery).
• The procedural approach during the study are as follows.
i. Identification of current breeds available at the piggery unit and
the breeding programme used.
ii. Gathering of reliable genetic information of the available stock
concerning the breeding objective (the improved growth rate).
iii. Strategize a suitable approach to introduce a breeding programme.
iv. Recommendations were done based on the objectives of the case
study (qualitative survey).
N41
1
2023 PNG UNRE Principle of Animal Genetics

7. There are 4 different breeds in the Piggery section.
1. Duroc cross
2. Large white
3. Land Race Mix-Breed and,
4. The Native Breed
The sectional unit (piggery) does not have proper pedigree details of the stock that is
currently available on site. However, the progeny information is fairly clear, but with no
concrete confirmation. Due to new stock being introduced to the sectional unit last
year 2022.
At the moment they have no breeding stock (breeder), however, they have
been practicing an uncontrol inbreeding system. Basically, with local-to-local
breed, purposely for meat purposes.
Moreover, there are some trial tests of the selection mating method.
However, the result is still pending with an average degree of uncertainty in
the outcome.
N41
1
2023 PNG UNRE Principle of Animal Genetics

8. Breeds
1. Duroc cross
2. Large white (exotic breed)
3. Land race mix breed
4. The Native Breed (Local)
Breeder and current breeding practices?
Selection and genetic improvement of the piggery unit?
Inbreeding and its effects on the production performance.
N41
1
2023 PNG UNRE Principle of Animal Genetics

9. Determining breeding stock;.
• The best breed for growth performance depends on market demand and production goals
of the farm. Therefore, It is difficult to conclude on the breed with the best growth
performance since each breed has unique characteristics that can excel in certain areas of
feed efficiency and meat quality, if any categorized under the proposed breeding objective.
• However, It is stated that the Duroc breed is known for its fast growth and high feed
efficiency, making it excellent choice for lean pork production..
N41
1
2023 PNG UNRE Principle of Animal Genetics
Base
population
Commercial
stock
Production
stock
GGMM GgMM GGMm GgMm
GgMM ggMM GgMm ggMm
GGMm GgMm GGmm Ggmm
GgMm ggMm Ggmm ggmm
GgMm
GM gM Gm gm
GM
gM
Gm
gm
Phenotypic ratio
9.Hd:3Hr:3HT:1Pi

10. N41
1
2023 PNG UNRE Principle of Animal Genetics
Breeding outcome (prediction)
 Is a systematic approach involves to maintain or attain desirable
genetic characteristics or traits to sustain requested production.
For the reason that genetics of a pigs greatly affect its
performance in terms of production and meat quality, all
production should have the standard method to sustain the
operation.
GGMM GGMM GGMm GGMm
GGMM GGMM GGMm GGMm
GGMm GGMm GGmm GGmm
GGMm GGMm GGmm GGmm
Native breeds
(Mm)
Duroc breed
(GG)
x (GGMm)
GM
GM
GM Gm Gm
GM
Gm
Gm
Phenotypic ratio
12.Hd:4Ht

11. • UNRE livestock section, piggery has no recommended breeding
system.
• The farm has several cross breeds with desirable economic traits.
However, the breeding system used is not efficient, and certain traits
may be lost due to lack of genetic recourses documentation.
• Currently UNRE piggery unit has four breeds, large white, duroc cross,
local/native, and landrace.
• Generally the current breeding practices is situated under uncontrol
breeding system, with schedule program for different breeds at a time
for meat purposes.
N41
1
2023 PNG UNRE Principle of Animal Genetics

12. According to the genetic resources available on site, concerning the breeding
objective “improve pig growth rate”, few recommendations were made and
they are as follows.
• The recommended breeding system (cross-breeding system)
Duroc breeds should be crossbred with the native breeds.
All genetic and other operation data should be documented for future use.
The piggery should minimize the inbreeding practices, inorder to sustain
genetic resources for maximum production.
• Must keep updated pedigree, progeny and performance records of
selected breeds used as breeders if there is a breeding programme
establish in the near future.
N41
1
2023 PNG UNRE Principle of Animal Genetics

13. • David S. Buchana, William G. Luce, Archie C. Clutter. 2017. Swine
Crossbreeding System. Oklahoma State University.
• Adam A. Hardy, Pete Lammers. November 11, 2015. Pig Breeding
System for Small and Beginning Pig Farmers. Pork Information
Gateway.
• Johnson G. Markus, Shirly F. Nanias. 2013. Breeding Types of Pigs.
Muscovi Piggery Production.
N41
1
2023 PNG UNRE Principle of Animal Genetics