Diagnosis of paratuberclosis

1. Daignosis of
paratuberculosis
in small animals

2. •PCR is the primary method currently used
•There are many commercially available tests
for paratuberculosis, each with their own
advantages, disadvantages, and appropriate
application.
•The assays focus on detecting the organism
in feces or tissue (culture, PCR), or on
detecting antibody to MAP antigens (ELISA).
Use of different tests in combination can
increase diagnostic sensitivity.

3. *Necropsy with culture and histopathology on
multiple tissues is the gold standard for
definitive diagnosis.
*Ziehl-Neelsen stains of tissue samples for
acid-fast bacteria usually reveal abundant
mycobacteria in lesions.
*Acid-fast staining of an impression smear
made from the ileum of a cow with typical
pathology is a quick, low-cost method to arrive
at a preliminary diagnosis.

4. • Serologic tests are rapid, low-cost methods for
antemortem confirmation of a clinical diagnosis;
sensitivity is >85% in clinically affected animals.
• They are also useful to detect infection in clinically
normal cattle in the later stages of infection that are
shedding large numbers of MAP; sensitivity is ~45%.
• Of the serologic tests, those based on ELISA technology
offer the highest sensitivity and specificity and are best
used to determine the infection prevalence in a herd.
• PCR is more sensitive and more specific than serology.
PCR has replaced culture for MAP detection because the
organism grows very slowly (2–4 months) and culture is
more costly.

5. Study-2