2. Hodgkin's lymphoma is a
malignant tumor of the lymphatic system
that is characterised histologically by the
presence of multinucleated giant cells
(Reed-Sternberg cells) and associated
abnormal and smaller mononuclear cells
originating from B lymphocytes in the
germinal centres of lymphoid tissue.
3. SYMPTOMS:
Most patients present with an enlarged but otherwise asymptomatic lymph
node, typically in the lower neck or supraclavicular region.
Mediastinal masses are frequent and are sometimes discovered on a
routine CXR.
Patients might complain of chest discomfort with a cough or dyspnoea.
Systemic symptoms of drenching night sweats, unexplained fever >38°C,
and weight loss of >10% over six months are termed B symptoms and are
identified in approximately 25% of patients.Alcohol-induced pain at sites of
nodal disease is specific but occurs in fewer than 10% of patients.
Findings on examination include lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly,
splenomegaly, and superior vena cava syndrome; there may also be
features caused by paraneoplastic syndromes - eg, cerebellar
degeneration, neuropathy or Guillain-Barré syndrome.
4. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Infectious mononucleosis, AIDS, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,
Tuberculosis, Leukaemia, Sarcoidosis
Myeloma, Toxoplasmosis, Cytomegalovirus infection,Tularaemia
Radiation therapy, chemotherapy or combined therapies are the
treatments used in managing Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Both chemotherapy and radiation therapy increase the risk of
developing secondary solid tumours - eg, cancers of the lung,
breast, and stomach.
Vaccinations: polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine and influenza
vaccine should be given to all patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Meningococcal group C conjugate vaccine and Haemophilus
influenzae type b vaccine are also recommended, especially for
patients receiving treatment and those with asplenia or splenic
dysfunction.
The role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for
Hodgkin's lymphoma is being explored.