The document discusses various strategies for adapting architecture to floods through climate-responsive design. It describes elevating buildings above flood levels, using flood-resistant materials, applying coatings and seals to prevent water entry, locating service equipment above flood levels, installing permanent barriers, grading landscapes to divert water away from structures, and planting vegetation to slow floodwater and absorb water. The overall aim is to design structures that are more resistant to flood damage and mitigate risks to safety and property.

1. AIMS & OBJECTIVES
 MudassirFida
 MustafaMunir
 AyeshaQasim
 ToobaAli
 AmnaRasheed

2. CLIMATE- RESPONSIVE
ARCHITRECTURE:
• A climate-responsive building design reflects the
weather conditions in the precise area where the
building is constructed. The design utilizes data on
the region's weather patterns and accounts for factors
like seasonality, intensity of the sun, wind, rainfall and
humidity.
Some steps to achieve climate
responsive design involve:
• Site analysis. ...
• Sun direction. ...
• Window Considerations. ...
• Minimize the Building Footprint.
...
• Design for Natural Ventilation. ...
• Relax the Occupants Comfort
Standards. ...
• Modelling and Analysis. ...
• Multiple Iterations.

3. CLIMATE- RESPONSIVE
ANALYSIS.
TO REDUCE CARBON EMITION THROUGH
ARCHITECTURE:
• MINIMIZING THE BUILDING CARBON
FOOT PRINT.
• SELECTION OF MATERIAL.

4. DESIGN FOR NATURAL VENTILATION
• Cross ventilation
• WINDOWS
CONSIDEDRATION

5. MINIMIZING THE PRESSURE OF
FLOOD
• PRESSURE =FORCEAREA
• TO REDUCE AREA REDUCE
BUILDING FOOT PRINT
• TO REDUCE FORCE
ADDING RETAINING WALL

6. SUN DIRECTION
• WINDOW CONSIDRATION.
• USE OF INSULATING
LOCAL MATERIAL.

11. HOW TO PREVENT
DEVASTATING FLOODS?

12. DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
• It is a process undertaken by public authorities
to evaluate different options for the use of land.

13. WATERSHED
CONSERVATION
• Wetland restoration
• Reforestation
• Soil Erosion

15. RIVER TRAINING
• Installing sediment barriers
• Inserting boulders
• Enhancing riverbanks
• Riverbank protection

16. FLOOD
FORECASTING

17. INCREASE IN
PLANTATION
• Eucalyptus and
mangroves

18. DRY PROOFING &WET
PROOFING THE HOUSE
DRY PROOFING: Measures that make a structure
watertight below the level that needs flood protection to
prevent floodwaters from entering.
WET PROOFING: permanent or contingent measures
applied to a structure or its contents that prevent or
provide resistance to damage from flooding while
allowing floodwaters to enter the structure or area.

19. DRY PROOFING: Measures that
make a structure watertight
below the level that needs flood
protection to prevent floodwaters
from entering.

20. DRY PROOFING
 Ensure window sill heights are above flood level to prevent
water entry
 Replace external doors with flood doors to prevent
water entry
 Seal under existing external cladding to minimize
water entry
 Construct concrete hob to prevent water entering
subfloor space
 Install flood vents below flood level to assist in drying
out subfloor spaces
 Repair and/or seal all possible gaps to minimize water entry

21. WET PROOFING: permanent or
contingent measures applied to
a structure or its contents that
prevent or provide resistance to
damage from flooding while
allowing floodwaters to enter the
structure or area.

22. WET PROOFING
 Use single-skin walls rather than cavity walls
 Replace loose-fill insulation with rigid insulation
 Use water resistant framing
 Add a concrete blinding slab to the undercroft of the house
 Add air vents to enclosed sub-floor spaces and garages

23.  Replace non flood resilient flooring with flood
resilient flooring
 Add additional weep holes to double brick and
brick veneer walls
 Create internal voids and utilise elevated
storage spaces
 Apply cementitious render to porous brick
walls to minimize water entry

24. FLOOD PROOFING

25. IMPLEMENTING FLOOD
ADAPTING
ARCHITECTURE
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

26. INTRODUCTION
 Flood is a natural calamity. It occurs so often in most
areas of our country and is causing a lot of damage to
our society. Thousands of people die in floods every
year, buildings are destroyed, people become
homeless and is causing a lot of damage to our
country’s economy. While architecture cannot solve or
even fully protect from the most deadly floods, it is
possible – and necessary – to take several protective
measures that could mitigate damage and
consequently save lives.
 Implementing resilient and adaptable design elements
into architecture could help to create a more
sustainable built environment that reacts more
efficiently to challenges and difficulties that occur in
the natural world.

28. ADAPTING TO FLOODS
THROUGH ARCHITECTURE
 Following are some steps through which we
can adapt to floods through architecture and
make the houses more resistant to the
overflowing water:

29. ELEVATE ABOVE THE FLOOD
LEVEL
 We should build the house above the flood
level to minimize damage if a flood does occur.
One common way of elevating is by building
the structure on columns or stilts. In other
cases, the solid foundation can simply be
raised higher. The living area is raised and
only foundation remains exposed to the flood
water. If flood level is 10’ high from ground
level then the building should be raised at
least 11’ from the ground level.

31. USING FLOOD RESISTANT
MATERIALS
 Flood resistant materials are those which can last in contact with flood
waters for at least 72 hours without significant damage. Flood water can be
both hydrostatic (standing water) and hydrodynamic (flowing water), and in
most cases will result in displaced foundation walls and collapsed
structures. To prevent these damages, flood resistant materials must be
durable and resistant to excessive humidity. Examples include :
 Concrete
 Glazed brick
 PVC
 Bamboo
 Foam insulation
 Steel
 Pressure-treated wood
 Ceramic tile
 Water-resistant glue, polyester epoxy paint etc.

32. FLOOD PROOFING
 Apply coatings, seals, and waterproof veneers. There exist
two different types of flood proofing: dry and wet. Dry flood
proofing prevents the entry of flood waters, whereas wet flood
proofing allows flood waters to enter the house. Coatings,
seals, and waterproof veneer belong to the former, as they
prevent water from reaching the interior. A waterproof veneer
can consist of a layer of brick backed up by a waterproof
membrane, sealing the exterior walls against water
penetration. In the interior walls, architects should insulation
in areas below the flood level. Similarly, coatings and
sealants may be applied to the foundation, walls, windows,
and doorways to prevent flood water from entering the house
through cracks, as these openings are rarely designed to be
watertight or resist flood water as they are.

33. FLOOD PROOF SERVICE
EQUIPMENTS
 Locating service equipment above the flood protection
level is generally the best way to protect it. Such
equipment includes heating, ventilating, air conditioning,
plumbing appliances, plumbing fixtures, duct systems,
and electrical equipment including service panels,
meters, switches, and outlets. If these components are
left in floodwater for even a short period of time, they
can become severely damaged and will need to be
replaced. Electrical equipment in particular can
potentially cause fires if short circuited. It is best that
these components are raised above the flood level, but
if necessary, they may be designed to prevent damage
from flooding, whether through waterproof enclosures,
barriers, protective coatings, or other techniques to

34. PERMANENT BARRIERS
 Placing a permanent barrier around the
structure in question can prevent flood waters
from reaching it. Such barriers should be
constructed using a floodwall made of
concrete or masonry, or by using a levee made
of compacted layers of soil with an impervious
core. While this solution may seem like the
simplest or most obvious, both floodwalls and
levees require extensive maintenance, and
levees need a significant amount of land and
usable soil materials for construction.

36. TILTING LAWN AWAY FROM
HOUSE
 Another method to mitigate damage from
flooding is to grade the lawn away from the
house. If the lawn tilts toward the house,
rainwater will pool around the home.
Conversely, tilting it outward directs rainwater
away. To this end, the lawn should use a
heavy soil that contains clay content and sand,
allowing the surface runoff to empty into a
more appropriate place such as a street gutter.

38. SLOPED GROUND
 Site grading to slope ground away from the
house over the entire perimeter helps to divert
water away from house.

39. BUILDING TRENCHES AND
DITCHES AROUND THE HOUSE
 Building trenches and ditches can help to
minimize the amount of water reaching the
house.

40. PLANTATION AROUND THE
HOUSE
 Plants act as natural buffers against the flood
water. They slow down the flow of water and
prevents it from reaching the site. Moreover,
more area covered with plants and less built
area that is hard surface can help in soaking
up the water quickly. Trees like EUCALYPTUS
and MANGROVES are excellent at preventing
floods. They grow very quickly and help in
absorbing water.