Mushroom Production Technology

1. All mushrooms are edible, but some are only
once.
– Croatian Proverb

2. Types of edible
Mushrooms
- Arkadeb Chatterjee
- Batch -- 2016-20
- B.Sc. Agriculture (Hons.)

4. Indian context
O White button mushroom (Agaricus
bisporus), accounts for more than 90% of
the total production.
O Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sp.) is grown
mostly in central and Southern India.
O Tropical or Paddy straw mushroom
(Volvariella volvacea) is grown in small
scale in Kerala.

5. Nutrient content
O Generally, all mushrooms are :
O Low in sodium, fat and calories, just about 20 calories in a cup.
O High in fiber and protein; 20-30% protein by dry weight.
O Rich in the minerals potassium, selenium, copper, zinc and magnesium;
oyster mushroom is rich in iron too.
O Rich in the B-complex vitamins, riboflavin, niacin and pantothenic acid.
O The only vegetable or fruit for that matter that produces vitamin D when
in sunlight and is a source of natural Vitamin D.
O Rich in L-ergothoneine, a powerful antioxidant.
O Rich in cancer fighting nutrients like polysaccharides and linoleic acid.
O Free of cholesterol.
O Contain triterpines which inhibit histamine release and are anti
inflammatory.

7. Mushrooms World’s Production
(%)
Agaricus bisporus 31.8
Lentinus edodes 25.4
Pleurotus spp 14.2
Ganoderma spp 8.4
Auricularia spp 7.9
Volvariella volvacea 3.0
Flammulina spp 4.6
Tramella spp 2.1
Hypsizygus marmoreus 1.2
Pholioto nameko 0.9
Grifola frondosa 0.5
Hericium erinaceum 0.5
Others 0.5

8. Edible mushrooms
Edible mushrooms are the fleshy and edible fruit
bodies of several species of macrofungi.
According to Chang and Hayes;
O They can appear either below ground
(hypogeous) or above ground (epigeous)
where they may be picked by hand.
O Edible mushrooms are consumed for their
nutritional value and they are occasionally
consumed for their supposed medicinal value.

9. Few facts
Mushroom are generally appears in rainy season during (June- september)
Ascomycota
O Chief distinguishing character is formation of sac like structure called
ascus inside which ascospores are formed.
O Asci are born in a fertile layer of cup shaped fruting body having
hymenium called apothecium.
O Edible fungi are belong to class discomycetes
O This group has highly prized mushroom.
O Examples
• Tuber species : truffles
• Order pezzizales Morchella

10. Life-cycle
O The sexual reproduction involve the diploidisation process and occurs
generally by the fusion of two cells of the monoploid hyphae belonging to
different strain.
O Diplodisation may also be obtained by fusion between oidium and a
hyphae monoploid cell both belonging to different sexes.
O The development of the basidiocarp is generally initiated over the
dikaryotic mycelium.
O Small knot develops over the subterranean rhizomorphic penetrating
mycelium.
O These further form button stage basidiocarp primordium.
O Each of the primordial is a solid mass of interwoven hyphae, being less
dense towards the interior. This elongates and develop rapidly.
O The portion above is future pileus and the basal part is to become its
stipe.

11. Agaricus bisporus
O Edible basidiomycete mushroom native to grasslands
in Europe and North America.
O They may grow on the soil or on another food source.
O China is the largest producer of edible mushrooms
accounting for over 50% of the world's edible
mushroom production.
O This mushroom may be known as common
mushroom, button mushroom, white mushroom,
cultivated mushroom, table mushroom, and
champignon mushroom.

13. Pleurotus citrinopileatus
O Golden oyster mushroom is an edible gilled fungus.
O Is one of the most popular wild edible mushroom.
O Grow in clusters of bright yellow to golden brown caps with
a velvety, dry surface texture.
O Caps range from 20–65 mm (0.79–2.56 in) in diameter.
O The flesh is thin and white, with a mild taste and without a
strong smell.
O The gills are white, closely spaced, and run down the stem.
O The spores are cylindrical or elliptical in shape, smooth,and
hyaline, amyloid, and measure 6-9 by 2–3.5 micrometres.

15. Volvariella volvacea
O Also known as paddy straw mushroom or straw
mushroom is a species of edible mushroom cultivated
throughout East and Southeast Asia and used
extensively in Asian cuisines.
O They are often available fresh in Asia, but are more
frequently found in canned or dried forms outside their
nations of cultivation.
O Straw mushrooms are grown on rice straw beds.
O They are adaptable and take four to five days to mature,
and are most successfully grown in subtropical climates
with high annual rainfall.

18. Thank you
Queries are welcome 