The document summarizes media coverage of conflicts in the Middle East from 1952 to 2012 over 60 slides. It discusses the founding and role of radio stations like Voice of the Arabs in promoting pan-Arab nationalism and covering Egypt's wars with Israel in the 1950s and 1960s. It also analyzes Al Jazeera's coverage of the 2006 Lebanon war and social media use during the Arab Spring and Gaza conflicts, highlighting how events like Operation Protective Edge in 2014 were covered by Western mainstream media, Arab media, and citizen journalists on Twitter and YouTube.

1. @Dimalb | July 22, 2014 | King’s College London
The Birmingham Centre for Media
& Cultural Research
Media & Conflict
in the Middle
East

2. 1952-2012
60 years in 60 slides
& it’ll all make sense ;)

3. . The Voice of the Arabs radio, from Cairo to the Arab nation
. The 1956 & 1967 wars as narrated by Al-Ahram
. Filming resistance: guerilla videos, wartime music & the rise of
political Islam
. Al-Jazeera coverage of the July 2006 war in Lebanon
. #Jan25: organising humanitarian aid on social media networks
. Post-Arab uprisings documentaries: making sense of a
scattered online citizen archive
The plan…

4. A bit of context
ocw.nd.edu

5. “The army takes a non-violent military action. Several high commanders are
arrested. (…) Major-general Mohamed Neguib takes over the General Command
of the Armed Forces, and announces that the army now works for the benefit of
the nation under the rule of the constitution”
Al-Ahram | July 24, 1952
The rise of anti-
colonial
revolutionary pan-
Arab nationalism

6. Gamal Abdel Nasser establishes in 1953 The Voice
of the Arabs radio to
- “promote Arab unity, and
- export the Egyptian revolutionary spirit to the
whole of the Arab nation”

7. “Arab citizens, in all corners of the Arab nation,
this is the Voice of the Arabs,
Which speaks in your name, and fights for you,
and promotes your unity,
With you from Cairo, from the heart of our
glorious Arab nation, the Voice of the Arabs!”
The “call” of the
Voice of the Arabs

8. & When in 1956
Nasser fought
his first war
against Israel…
Al-Ahram | October 30, 1956
“Israel launches an attack against Egypt (…)”

9. Al-Ahram | November 3, 1956
Al-Ahram did too..
“Egypt salutes its hero Gamal”

10. Alright, this was the plan…
1952-2012
60 years in 60 slides
& it’ll all make sense ;)

11. 1.The Voice of the Arabs: a radio station for the Arab nation
2. The 1956 & 1967 wars as seen by the VOA & Al-Ahram
3. Filming resistance: guerilla videos, music videos & the rise of political Islam
4. Satellite TV & how Nasrallah led in 2006 the war of the nation on Al-Jazeera
5. #Jan25: organising humanitarian aid on social media networks
6. Post-Arab uprising documentaries: making sense of a scattered online citizen
archive
Until this happened…

12. Narrating war in 140 characters: Operation
“Protective edge” as covered by Western
mainstream media, by alternative citizen reporters
& by those who got caught between the two
@Dimalb | July 22, 2014 | King’s College London
The Birmingham Centre for Media
& Cultural Research

13. A bit of context
(again)
www.huffingtonpost.com/

14. aljazeera.net
(So if you are a 6-year old
Gazan, this will be your 3rd war)

15. But let’s talk
media…

16. 2008 | Operation “Cast Lead”:
News control as military
objective
- Very few journalists were covering the war from Gaza (except for
Al-Jazeera reporters)
- IDF allows Israeli & foreign journalists to embed around 10 days
after the start of the operation
Source @RSA_RWB Reporters Without
Borders

17. • IDF launches YouTube channel & Twitter account
• IDF holds a press conference over Twitter

18. theconversation.com
2012 | #PillarofDefense

19. theconversation.com

20. 2014 | Operation “Protective
Edge”

21. twitter.com/mohamed/lists/journalists
-in-gaza-2014

22. stream.aljazeera.com/story/201407171922-0023936

23. “Arab media IDF spokesman”

24. www.alqassam.ps/arabic/
The Izz ad-Din al-Qassam is the military wing of the Palestinian "Islamic
Resistance Movement" (Hamas)

25. www.alqassam.ps/hebrew/

26. twitter.com/hamasinfo

27. Reporting war

28. A lesson in framing:
how Western
media sees the
war on Gaza
Mainstream
journalists challenging
mainstream agendas
#GazaUnderAttack:
when citizens
live-tweet a war

29. #GazaUnderAttack:
when citizens
live-tweet a war

34. @Mogaza twitter.com/Mogaza
@Hussein_Gaza twitter.com/Hussein_Gaza
@Omar_Gaza twitter.com/Omar_Gaza
@jncatron twitter.com/jncatron
@DrBasselAbuward twitter.com/DrBasselAbuward
@Belalmd12 twitter.com/Belalmd12
@AnsRed twitter.com/AnsRed
@RanaGaza twitter.com/RanaGaza
@WhateverInGaza twitter.com/WhateverInGaza
@DimaEleiwa twitter.com/DimaEleiwa

35. (re)-Framing the question of
social media
verification

36. www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnO4gy8dQIc
July 7, 2014

38. A lesson in agenda
setting: how
Western media
sees the war on Gaza

39. What we mean by
mainstream
media
Media organizations that broadcast
primarily via large distribution networks.
They include newspapers, broadcast
and online media.

40. July 4, 2014

41. July 10, 2014

42. July 17, 2014

44. On July 22, 2014
Operation “Protective Edge”
Source @AP / UNICEF / UNRWA
Palestinian side:
631 killed, 161 children
4010 injured, including 1213 children and
698 women
118300+ displayed
Israeli side:
29 killed, 27 soldiers
Dozens of wounded troops

45. Looking at …
Shejaiya, July 20, 2014

46. @MillerC4 report on July 20, 2014 @Hari report on July 20,
2014
vs.

47. July 20, 2014
19:02

48. July 20, 2014
21:55

50. angryarab.blogspot.com.br/
July 20, 2014
AJA caption reads: “13 martyrs and around 200 wounded, most of them
children, in a Zionist massacre in Shejaiya neighborhood East the city of
Gaza”

51. July 21, 2014

52. Al-Jazeera’s Wael Dahdouh cries
while reporting the shelling of
Shejaiya
& How Al-Jazeera
tells it
July 20, 2014

53. July 21, 2014
@Ahmedabdall1 Gaza
based @Ajarabic reporter
“Qassam kills 10 Zionist soldiers East
of Shejaiya, and the Mujahiddins have
come back home safe. Allah Akbar.”
“547 martyrs, and 3300 wounded is
the toll of the constant Zionist attack
on Gazans.”

54. Mainstream
journalists challenging
mainstream
agendas
www.youtube.com/watch?
v=FqKu5rSTyP8

55. CNN’s Diana Magnay
(@DimagnayCNN)
July 17, 2014
www.buzzfeed.com/dorsey/israeli-crowd-cheers-as-missile-hits-gaza-live-on-cnn

59. mondoweiss.net/

60. Reflecting on the role
of media in times of
conflict
www.channel4.com/news/the-israeli-military-does-not-target-civilians-video