2. DEFINICIONES MODO PW
HISTORIA MODO COLOR
TRANSDUCTORES POWER DOPPLER
MODOS DE IMAGEN MODO POWER
MODO A DIRECCIONAL
MODO M IMAGEN
MODO B PANORAMICA
MODO DOPPLER 3D/4D
MODO CW
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
4. Sonido es una onda
mecánica
longitudinal que se
propaga a través de
un medio elástico.
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
5. Compresión: Región de alta presión.
Rarefacción: Zonas de baja presión.
Las compresiones y rarefacciones se
alternan a través del medio en la
misma forma que las partículas de aire
individuales oscilan de un lado a otro
en la dirección de la propagación de la
onda.
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
6. AMPLITUD: Es el valor máximo
del movimiento de una onda.
PERIODO: Tiempo que se tarda
en realizar un ciclo completo. Se
mide en segundos (s).
FRECUENCIA: Es el número de
ciclos que se realizan en un
segundo. Es, por tanto, la
inversa del período:
f=1/T
Se mide en ciclos por
segundo (cps), que se
denomina normalmente
hercios (Hz).
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
7. LONGITUD DE ONDA: La
distancia que recorre una
onda sonora en el tiempo
de un período es lo que se
llama longitud de onda (λ).
VELOCIDAD DEL SONIDO:
Es la velocidad con que
se desplazan las ondas
sonoras. Su dirección
es perpendicular a la
superficie vibrante bajo
forma de ondas.
Velocidad = Distancia recorrida / tiempo
c=λ*f
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
8. Medium Velocity (m/s) Medium Velocity (m/s)
Air 330 Liver 1549
Water 1480 Kidney 1561
Fat 1450 Muscle 1585
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
9. FRECUENCIAS
20Hz 20kHz
Infrasound Audible Sound Ultrasound
Low High
For medical diagnostic imaging
1MHz 20MHz
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
11. 1910s Ultrasound sonar theory was developed in France
1942 A mode was invented in Austria for brain scanning
1950s M mode was invented
USA invented B mode in clinical application
1956 CW mode was invented in Japan for heart valve
application
1959 PW mode was invented
1983 Color Doppler mode was invented in Japan
1990 Kretz, an Austria company made the first commercial 3D
ultrasound scanner
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
14. A=AMPLITUD
SOLO SE REGISTRA LA
INTENSIDAD DE LA SEÑAL DEL
ECO.
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15. M: Motion
displayed over time
Time
Depth
Function: to display tissue motion 1950s
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
16. B: Brightness
• displayed as dots
on screen
• stronger signal,
brighter dot
B mode is also
called 2D mode.
Function: to display tissue structure 1950s
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
17. Convex Linear
Convex Probe Linear probe Phased array probe
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
19. Austria
Physicist and
mathematician
Born in 1803 in Salzburg
Found Doppler Principle
in 1842
Died in 1853 in Venice
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
20. Sound source: NOT moving Sound source: moving
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
22. Blood cell NOT moving Blood cell moving forward/backward
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
23. 2 f v cos
fD
f + fD c
fD: Doppler shift of the frequency
θ f: Transmitted frequency
v: Velocity of the blood
θ: Angle of incidence between the
v ultrasound beam and the direction of the
flow
c: speed of sound in tissue
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
24. Color Doppler: Color Doppler
1. Color: Color Doppler
2. Power: Power Doppler:
3. Directional Power Doppler
Spectral Doppler
Spectral Doppler:
1. CW: continuous wave Doppler
2. PW: Pulse wave Doppler
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
25. Color Doppler:
Pixels assigned color
based on mean
velocity
Red towards probe
Blue away from probe
Color mode is also
called CDFI mode
(Color Doppler Flow
Imaging) or CFM (color
flow mapping)
Function: to display direction of blood flow 1983
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
26. Power Doppler:
Pixels assigned color
based on mean
power
Power mode is
also called CPA
mode. (Color
Power Angio)
Function: to display volume of blood flow, especially at low velocity
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
28. B mode Color mode Power mode
Gray Scale Velocity Variance Power Directional
Power
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
29. B mode - colorized Color mode
Whole image is colorized. Only blood flow is colorized.
Tissue is monochrome.
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
30. Color Power DirPower
Direction Yes No Yes
Angle Yes No No
dependent
Velocity Yes No No
Sensitivity Normal High High
Application Normal velocity Low velocity Low velocity
Power Doppler displays amplitude of signal (how much)
Color Doppler displays velocity (how fast)
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
31. Color mode Power mode
vertical oblique
Angle Dependent Yes No
At perpendicular angle No flow displayed Displayed normally
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
32. Some elements are
transmitting sound waves.
The others are receiving.
The transmitting and
receiving of sound waves
are JUST in the same time.
There is NO Sample Volume.
But there is a sensitive
region.
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
33. Sample Line
Sensitive Region
Angle Correction
Gray scale stands for:
the amount of all objects
in that velocity
along the sample line.
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
34. CW: Continuous-Wave
Doppler
speed of blood cells
displayed on a
time/velocity graph
Time
Velocity
Function: to measure velocity of blood flow, especially in heart 1956
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
35. Elements are both
transmitting and receiving
sound waves.
The transmitting and
receiving of sound waves
are NOT in the same time.
There is a Sample Volume.
PRF: Pulse Repetition
Transmit Receive Transmit Receive … Frequency
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
36. Sample Line
Sample Volume
Angle Correction
Gray scale stands for:
the amount of all objects
in that velocity
in the sample volume.
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
37. PW: Pulse-Wave
Doppler
Velocity
Time
Function: to measure velocity of blood flow 1959
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
38. Sample Line
PW mode CW mode Sample Line
Principle Pulsed-wave Continuous wave
All elements are Some elements are
transmitting and receiving transmitting sound waves.
Sensitive Region
Sample Volume
sound waves. The others are receiving.
Angle Correction Angle Correction
Probe All Phased array, pencil, other
Velocity Low High
Locate Sample volume Sample line
Window Yes No
Application All Cardiology
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
39. PW mode M mode
Principle Doppler Pulse-echo
Y-axial Velocity (cm/s, m/s) Depth (cm, mm)
frequency shift (kHz)
Object Hemodynamics Tissue motion
Locate Sample volume Sample line
Application Cardiology, vascular Cardiology
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
40. Anatomical M mode
Along sound beam
Conventional M mode
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS
45. Diagnostic Center
Verification Doctor DICOM Printer Print
Network
Reception DICOM Server
Imaging System 1 Imaging System 3
Storage Worklist
Imaging System 2
DEPARTAMENTO DE VENTAS