1.
Closed Circuit Television in
Student Housing
Big Brother or A Way of Life

2.
CCTV/Security
Cameras in Housing?

3.
Policies Regarding
CCTV/Security
Cameras?

4.
Security vs Privacy

5.
1960s

6.
Cameras to Combat
Terrorism

7.
Government Monitoring
of Credit Card Sales to
Track Terrorists

8.
Millennials accept loss
of privacy – to a point

9.
digital privacy
20%
34%
46%
most
a little
never

10.
Big Brother ?

11.
Last 20 Years

12.
A Way of Life

13.
CCTV in Housing?
75%
Yes
25%
No
Yes No

14.
Camera Locations - Housing
Community
Space
75%
Exterior
Doors
94%
Elevator
and Stairs
63%
Floors w/
Community Bath
19%
Floors w/
Private Bath
37.5%

15.
Camera Locations –
Non-Housing
Admin
Offices
55%
Outdoors
82%
Dining
55%
Classrooms
18%
Athletics
55%

16.
Who owns the CCTV System?
56%
Housing
38%
Police
6%
Housing Campus Police Other

17.
How is CCTV Monitored?
25%
Limited 24/7
75%
Not actively monitored
All cameras actively watched 24/7 Limited cameras actively watched 24/7 Not actively monitored

18.
Video Retention
44%
< 30 days
38%
30-60 days
19%
> 60
Video retained < 30 days Video retained 30-60 days Video retained > 60 days

19.
Housing CCTV Policy?
50%
Yes
50%
No
Yes No

20.
Institution CCTV Policy?
38%
Yes
63%
No
Yes No

21.
Occupancy/Camera Stats
Occupancy –
248 to 9000
Camera
counts -
8 to 2200
Occupants per
camera –
2.72 to 200
Average
13.74

22.
Training Content
12%
None
38%
Policies
19%
FERPA
No training provided CCTV policies/procedures FERPA FOIA Software/Hardware specific
8%
FOIA
31%
Software

23.
Training Recurrence
19%
Annually
6%
80%
No training recurrence
Annually Training required every 2 years or more No training recurrence is required

24.
Five Prepared Questions Asked of the
Student Focus Group Participants
Safety
Privacy
Security
Accountability

25.
“We’re used to
cameras. We grew up
with them.”
“Safety
blanket”
“If we’re going to have
cameras, let’s have the best
ones.”
“What’s the point of
having a camera if it’s
not doing its job?
“We’re okay with Big
Brother watching.”
“Makes me feel
safe and secure”
“Genuinely
cared for”

26.
CCTV at the University of Arkansas
1990
1994
1995
3 key elements
related to CCTV:
Implementation
Policies
Training
Conversations with Legal
Counsel, UAPD, and
Housing

27.
Policy focused on
expectations and
responsibilities for
CCTV use
SOP outlines
requesting camera
access, approval
process, training, and
capturing video/stills
Mandatory training for all
users granted access
Online refresher training
E-mail listserve
CCTV at the University of Arkansas

28.
Camera Overview
DVR->Avigilon
655
cameras,
1159
campus
total Analog->IP
Police more
involved
Expect more IT
involvement

29.
CCTV Infrastructure Costs
Server
$2,000 +++
Camera
$750 +++
Encoder
$550
Cabling
$25 to $1,600
Network
Switches
$3200 +
16 Camera System
$17,600 to $42,800

30.
Preventing Big Brother

31.
use
access
controls
location
monitoring

32.
retention
training
review
auditing
communication

33.
“I think there’s this perception
that Millennials don’t care
about privacy because we’re
always on Twitter and Tumbler
and Facebook talking about our
lives with the world. But that’s
not about privacy, that’s about
a sense of self.”
Kristen Lim, 2011 William & Mary Graduate

34.
REFERENCES
112th Congress Public Law 265: https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-
112publ265/html/PLAW-112publ265.htm
Analysis of Ethical Management Policies for Use of CCTV on College Campuses:
http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1148&context=education_etd
Assessing the Impact of CCTV:
http://www.popcenter.org/Responses/video_surveillance/PDFs/Gill&Spriggs_2005.pdf
CCTV Cameras and Your Privacy: http://www.yourprivacy.co.uk/cctvsystems.html
CCTV: Developing Privacy Best Practices:
https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/privacy/privacy_rpt_cctv_2007.pdf
Look to Millennial Generation to Balance US Security Needs and Privacy Rights:
http://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Opinion/2013/0604/Look-to-Millennial-
generation-to-balance-US-security-needs-and-privacy-rights

35.
REFERENCES
Millennials Prefer Security to
Privacy: http://www.mikeandmorley.com/millennials_prefer_security_to_privacy
Privacy and CCTV: A Guide to the Privacy Act for Businesses, Agencies and Organisations:
http://www.privacy.org.nz/assets/Files/Brochures-and-pamphlets-and-pubs/Privacy-and-
CCTV-A-guide-October-2009.pdf
Public Video Surveillance: Is It an Effective Crime Prevention Tool?:
https://www.library.ca.gov/crb/97/05/
Review of Studies on Surveillance Camera Effectiveness:
https://privacysos.org/camera_studies/
Security Cameras In Schools: Protective Or
Invasive?: http://www.npr.org/2012/09/04/160551340/security-cameras-in-school-
protective-or-invasive
State Surveillance and the Right to Privacy: http://www.surveillance-and-
society.org/articles1/statesurv

36.
REFERENCES
Study Shows Surveillance Cameras Reduce Crime, In Some Cases:
http://www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com/study-shows-surveillance-
cameras-reduce-crime-some-cases
Surveillance Studies Centre FAQs:
http://www.sscqueens.org/projects/scan/faqs
The Effect of CCTV on Public Safety: Research Roundup:
http://journalistsresource.org/studies/government/criminal-
justice/surveillance-cameras-and-crime
Using Video Surveillance on College Campuses:
http://www.securityinfowatch.com/article/10550786/using-video-
surveillance-on-college-campuses
What Makes a Mass Shooting in America:
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/12/03/what-makes-
a-mass-shooting-in-america/?utm_term=.708eeed1689b

37.
eroberts@uark.edu
fperrod@uark.edu
fjohnso@uark.edu