Norman Foster's Contemporary Architecture

L -3 T -0 P -0 Cr 3
COURSE TITLE: Contemporary Architecture
COURSE CODE: ARC316
WEEK NO.: 12 LECTURE NO. # 33
LECTURE DETAIL :
POST MODERN ARCHITECTURE
(NORMAN FOSTER)
“.
COURSE INSTRUCTOR: MOSTAFIZUR RAHMAN UID: 19838
CA CATEGORY: A23
EXAM CATEGORY: 55
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE

LECTURE NO. 8
INTRODUCTION
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE Slide No.
NORMAN ROBERT FOSTER
• AN ENGLISH ARCHITECT
• BORN ON 1st JUNE 1935 (AGE 80)
• BIRTH PLACE STOCKPORT, CHESHIRE, ENGLAND
• HE GRADUATED FROM MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY OF
ARCHITECTURE
• CITY PLANNING AND IN ARCHITECTURE FROM YALE
UNIVERSITY.
• IN 1953 HE SERVED THE ROYAL AIR FORCE, DRIVEN BY HIS
PASSION FOR AIRCRAFTS.
• IN 1963 HE SET UP PRACTICE IN UNITED KINGDOM, UNDER
THE NAME OF TEAM 4,WHICH LATER BECAME FOSTER+
PARTNERS.
• HE IS ONE OF THE MOST HIGH TECH ARCHITECTS OF
PRESENT TIME.
•
ARCHITECTURE IS AN
EXPRESSION OF
VALUES
“the best architecture comes from a synthesis of all the
elements that separately comprise a building…” - Foster

LECTURE NO. 8
AWARDS AND RECOGNITION
•FOSTER WAS KNIGHTED IN 1990. ALSO HE WAS MADE LIFE PEER IN 1999-AS
LORD BARON FOSTER OF THAMES BANK.
•IN 1994- AWARDED THE AIA GOLD MEDAL.
•SECOND BRITISH ARCHITECT TO HAVE WON STERLING PRIZE TWICE.
•AWARDED THE PRITZKER PRIZE IN 1999.
•IN 2009 – PRINCE OF ASTURIAS AWARD, FOR ARTS.
•RECEIVED AGA KHAN AWARD FOR ARCHITECTURE.
•AND IS A FELLOW OF THE CHARTERED SOCIETY OF DESIGNERS
•HE HAS RECEIVED NUMEROUS MORE AWARDS AND RECOGNITION FOR HIS
WORKS OVER HIS LIFETIME.

Architect’s Philosophy
• Foster doesn’t play the architect’s favorite
ideological game of simplifying the design process
down to a golden rule. To him, a great building is
based on plural consideration—structure,
aesthetics, materials, daylighting, ecology, function
and many more—and never the imposition of one
at the detriment of another.
LECTURE NO.

Influence of Buckminster fuller on
Foster’s Work
It was Foster’s association with Fuller which
Introduced him to the possibility of having polyhedral
shape building and gave him a break
From cuboidal buildings.
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Foster + Partners understands that the best design
comes from a completely integrated approach from
conception to completion. We have a strong
creative team, in which structural and
environmental engineers work alongside the
architects from the beginning of the design process.
By doing so, we believe that they can learn from
one another and combine their knowledge to
devise wholly integrated design solutions. The
design teams are supported by numerous in-house
disciplines, ensuring that we have the knowledge
base to create buildings that are environmentally
sustainable and uplifting to use.
LECTURE NO.

PROJECTS IN INDIA
Grand View Development, Ireo City, Gurgaon, Haryana,
India 2010
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PROJECTS IN INDIA
Kurla Mumbai, India 2007
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PROJECTS IN INDIA
Dharavi Masterplan Mumbai, India 2008
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LECTURE NO. 8
ARCHITECT’S DESIGN ELEMENTS
Design Elements
• Curved lines
• Open planned
• Use of natural light
• Wide range of building materials
• Attention to detail
Design Elements - Social Focus
• Flexible space
• Aims to create localized communities
 Transportation
 Workplaces
 Shops
 Parks
 Recreation

LECTURE NO. 8
Design Elements - Sustainability
• Green power: wind and solar
• Energy saving measures
• Natural ventilation
• Improved indoor air quality
• Renewal building materials
• Water conservation
High-tech:
•using high-tech equipment and
pushing the edge of structural engineering, he
is able to push the edge of architectural
designing.
•High-tech buildings are more flexible, and thus
more distinctive.
•A high-tech building, is also energy efficient

LECTURE NO. 8
Light :
• Through harnessing and collection of
light, individuals feel close to nature.
• Consideration of light and its effects
on the structure.
• His commercial buildings have a
central atrium that draws light to the
core of the building.
• Believes light has a healing function,
-one that keeps individuals sane in a
busy modern world.
• In Reichstag, Foster uses light to
remind German citizens that building
serves as their democratic center.
• The Willis-Faber & Dumas building’s
walls of glass become transparent at
night, allowing outsiders to see inside.
The Riechstag
30 St Mary Axe London

HSBC SANGHAI
1985
https://www.yo
utube.com/wat
ch?v=jCZFxE07i
Zs
LECTURE NO.

LECTURE NO.
STRUCTURAL
SYSTEM
STRUCTURAL
SYSTEM
OFFICE
SPACE
SERVICES
SERVICES
OPEN

LECTURE NO. 8
ARCHITECT’S WORK
 HSBC is a bank located on Queens road,
central, Hong Kong. HSBC was built in
1865 after the old HSBC got out of date.
The HSBC is a bank and so was the old
HSBC building.
THE DESIGN

LECTURE NO. 8
 Foster responded to a site which has impressive views of Hong Kong Harbor to
the north and Victoria Peak to the south, by creating a forty-seven-story
rectangular prism with its long sides oriented to the views while mechanical and
service functions close off the short east and west elevations.
 The building is 180 meters high with 47 storeys and four basement levels.
 The building has a modular design consisting of five steel modules
prefabricated in the UK.
 About 30,000 tons of steel and 4,500 tons of aluminum were used.
 Natural sunlight is the main source of light inside the building, with a bank of
mirrors directing it into the atrium. Heat gain is also prevented by sunshades
and the building’s air conditioning system uses sea water as its coolant. At the
time of construction the HSBC Main Building was the most expensive building in
the world, with a price tag of over $650 million, but as the construction ended
the total cost ended up to $1300 million.
THE DESIGN

LECTURE NO. 8
SITE PLAN SECTION
HARBOUR RELATIONSHIP
The site plan and north-south section show
the swath of open space that extends from
the Star Ferry in Hong Kong’s Harbar to the
Hong Kong Bank.
The section also indicates
the location of the seawater tunnel and
sunscoop, and the height of the building
relative to surrounding structures.

LECTURE NO. 8
INTRODUCTION

LECTURE NO. 8
THE GHERKIN
BUILDING TYPE - office
building
LOCATION - LONDON
COMPLETION - 2001-
2003
FLOORS - 41
ROOF HEIGHT - 180M
FLOOR AREA - 47,950
square
metres
PURPOSE - headquarters of a global marketplace for ship sales and
shipping information.

Design Concept
The philosophy of the design team was that innovation in building and
form come from development of new technologies and techniques
for building. The seemingly expressionist facade was actually
developed through air flow testing (ARUP engineering).
This design proved the best, maximizing air flow around the building.
It also decreased the size of the footprint of the building, allowing for
a very accessible public plaza at ground level.
LECTURE NO.

LECTURE NO. 8
Envelope
•Conical shape reduces wind turbulence and
creates wind pressure to assist natural ventilation
•Double-glazed ventilated skin for insulation and
passive solar heating
•Blinds within double skin to stop solar gain
before entering offices
•Organic form provides abundant natural light in
the interior
•Open glass windows.
WIND DIAGRAM

Structure •The structure is made up of a
“Diagrid,”comprised of steel
pieces coming together at
triangular nodes to support the
outer weight of the structure.
•This design allows for
uninterrupted office interiors with
revolving triangular atriums
that connect the spaces floor-to-
floor and allow for ventilation.
• Because of the façade and
double-wall structure of the
building, an all-glass façade was
chosen to maximize sun exposure.
LECTURE NO.

The building is composed
of a double-wall system.
The outer wall is a
double-glazed glass wall
composed of mullions
and triangular-shaped
window pieces. The inner
wall is made of sliding
glass doors (accessible
only by maintenance). In
between the two walls is
a space and a row of
horizontal shading
devices.
LECTURE NO.

Passive strategies
Each floor is rotated 5 degrees from
the floor above or below it,
allowing up to 6 floors to be
attached by the vertical light wells.
The double wall contains venting
flaps, built into the triangular
façade, to allow hot air to travel up
and out the building. There is a
built-in heat exchange system built
into the ceiling of each floor unit,
with exchangers for cooling of
spaces, running off a cold-water
well for summer months.
LECTURE NO.

LECTURE NO. 8

Typical Floor plan
LECTURE NO.

Air Control Unit
LECTURE NO.

Sustainability & Ventilation
• Differing air pressures and double skin
façade allow for natural ventilation
• Six spiralling light wells allow daylight to
flood down onto the floors
NICMAR GOA CAMPUS 45
• Windows and blinds
are computer controlled
• Solar blinds to reclaim
or reject heat
• Windows open when
external temperature is
between 20°C and 26°C
and wind speed is less
than 10 mph
LECTURE NO.

Energy Use
• Temperature can be controlled in several
separate zones on each floor
• Building can potentially turn off mechanical
temperature system 40% of the year
• Main energy source is gas
• Building was supposed to consume 50% less
energy
• The building uses open windows and natural
ventilation to reduce energy costs.
LECTURE NO.

Circulation
• Each of the two main stairwells contains 1,037 stairs.
• The 23 lifts vary in velocity from 1 metre per second to 6
meters per second.
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LECTURE NO.

The “egg”shape of the building not only
reduce the amount of volatile winds at
pedestrian level, but with smoother air
flows through the area, there is less heat
loss over the surface of the building. This
low-pressure system also allows the
designers to have large light wells at
heights that would be otherwise
unfeasible
LECTURE NO.

Plaza with Arcadian garden
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Panoramic dome at the top
On the building's top level (the
40th floor), there is a bar for
tenants and their guests featuring
a 360° view of London. A
restaurant operates on the 39th
floor, and private dining rooms on
the 38th.Whereas most buildings
have extensive lift equipment on
the roof of the building, this was
not possible for the Gherkin,
since a bar had been planned for
the 40th floor.
The architects dealt with this by
having the main lift only reach
the 34th floor, and then having a
push-from-below lift to the 39th
floor. There is a marble stairwell
and a disabled persons' lift which
leads the visitor up to the bar in
the dome. LECTURE NO.

LECTURE NO.
On the building's top level (the
40th floor), there is a bar for
tenants and their guests featuring
a 360° view of London. A
restaurant operates on the 39th
floor, and private dining rooms on
the 38th.Whereas most buildings
have extensive lift equipment on
the roof of the building, this was
not possible for the Gherkin,
since a bar had been planned for
the 40th floor.
The architects dealt with this by
having the main lift only reach
the 34th floor, and then having a
push-from-below lift to the 39th
floor. There is a marble stairwell
and a disabled persons' lift which
leads the visitor up to the bar in
the dome.

Thank You
LECTURE NO.

Norman Foster's Contemporary Architecture

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