Citric acid is a weak organic acid found in citrus fruits. Fermentation with molasses and other sugar sources can be either surface or submerged or solid state conditions.

1. CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION

2. Citric acid
 Citric acid is a weak organic acid found in citrus
fruits.
 In biochemistry, it is important as an intermediate
in the citric acid cycle and therefore occurs in the
metabolism of almost all living things.

3. Production of Citric Acid by
Fermentation
 Fermentation with molasses and other sugar
sources can be either surface or submerged or
solid state conditions.
o Surface fermentation:
Surface fermentation using Aspergillus niger may
be done on rice bran as is the case in Japan, or in
liquid solution in flat aluminium or stainless steel
pans.

4. o Submerged fermentation:
As in all other processes where citric acid is
made the fermentation the fermentor is made
of acid-resistant materials such as stainless steel.
o Solid state fermentation:
A solid state fermentation (SSF) method was
used to produce citric acid by Aspergillus niger
DS 1 using sugarcane bagasse as a carrier and
sucrose or molasses based medium as a
moistening agent.

5. Production of Citric Acid
By using Surface fermentation

7. Applications of Citric Acid
Foods and beverages

8. Pharmaceuticals, personal care
products and cosmetics

9. Technical and industrial uses

10. INTERESTING THINGS ABOUT CITRIC
ACID