The Indian constitution is the longest and most detailed in the world. It establishes India as a sovereign socialist secular democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government. The constitution provides for fundamental rights and duties of citizens and defines the structure of government. The two houses of parliament are the Rajya Sabha, which is a permanent body with one third of members retiring every two years, and the Lok Sabha, which has about 500 members elected directly by voters for five year terms.

1. “Salient Features Of
Indian Constitution”

3. Indian constitution
 The constitution of India is the supreme
law of India. It lays down the frame work
defining fundamental political principles,
established the structure, procedure,
powers and duties of government
institutions and the duties of citizens.

5. preamble
 The preamble, the preface to the
constitution, describes the source
nature, ideology, goals and objectives of
the constitution. It describes India as a
sovereign socialist secular, democratic
republic and underlines the national
objective of social just: economic justice
and political justice as well as fraternity.

6. Written constitution
 The constitution of India is a written
constitution.
 It was framed by a constituent
assembly which was established for the
purpose in 1946.
 The framers of our constitution tried to
put everything in black and white.

7. The lengthiest constitution
in the world
 The constitution of India is the logiest in
the world. Indian constitution has 395
articles originally, now there are 447
articles. Divided into 22 parts and 8
schedules.

8. unique blend of rigidity and
flexibility
Indian constitution though written is
sufficiently flexible. In few provision it is
necessary to take consent of half of the
state legislature otherwise amendment
by special majority of parliament. So far
98 amendments are made in 65 years.

9. Single citizenship
 In India, there is only single citizenship.
In Indian is a citizen of Indian only. He is
not a citizen of any Indian state. Single
citizenship is meant to national unity and
national integration.

10. Unique blend of federal and
unitary features
Normally constitution work as federal but
during emergency it becomes unitary.

11. Adult Suffrage
Voters must be 18 years of age. This is no
discrimination in relation to education,
gender, property, rich or poor etc.

12. Fundamental Rights
Fundamental rights are in part 3 of
constitution. Article 32, constitutional
remedy provide a person can directly
move to supreme court in violation of
fundamental rights. Article 226, provides
the same to directly move to high court.

13. In fundamental rights these rights may
be enumerated as follows:
 Right to equality.
 Right to freedom.
 Right to constitutional remedies.
 Right to property
 Right to freedom of religion

14. Fundamental duties
 Another salient feature of the Indian
constitution is the incorporation of the
fundamental duties of citizens. The 42nd
amendment of 1976added article 51-A
to the constitution requiring all citizens to
fulfill 10 duties.

15. Sovereign socialist secular
democratic republic
 The constitution declare India as a
sovereign, socialist, secular,
Democratic, republic.
 The world “socialist” and “secular” were
added in preamble of the constitution
by42 amendment in 1976.

16. Parliamentary form of
government
The Indian parliament is a Bi-cameral
legislature. It consist of two chamber the
upper chamber known as “Rajya
Sabha” It consist of the president and
lower chamber is known as “LOK
SABA”

18. A: Rajya sabha
The council of state is the second chamber
of the union parliament. Its minimum
strength is 250. but at president it
consist of 232 member of this strength
and 12 member are nominated by the
president from among men. The rajya
sabha, like the us senate, is a
permanent body. its term of office is 6
years, but one third of its members are
re-elected every two years.

20. B:lok Sabha
Lok sabha is the lower house of the
indian parliament. It consist of about 500
members, elected directly by the voters
in the states on the basis of adult
suffrage. The total number of member is
at present 509. any Indian 25 year of
age and a citizens of Indian lok sabha
sits for a period of 5 years