Azar 12 4

1. 12-4UsingObjectPronounsin
AdjectiveClausesto DescribeThings
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2. Whoandwhomreferto people.
Whichrefersto things.
Thatcanreferto eitherpeopleor
things.

3. Tomakeanadjective
clause,changeitto
thatorwhich.
It, that and which all refer to the
same thing (the river).
Main sentence:
The river is polluted.
Embedded sentence:
It flows through the town.
that OR which

4. Tomakeanadjective
clause,changeitto
thatorwhich.
These two sentences mean the same
thing:
The river that flows through the
town is polluted.
=
The river which flows through the
town is polluted.

5. Becareful!
Ifthepronounreplaces
theSUBJECTofthe
embeddedsentence,it
cannotbeomitted.
These two sentences mean the same
thing:
The river that flows through the
town is polluted.
=
The river which flows through the
town is polluted.

6. Becareful!
Ifthepronounreplaces
theSUBJECTofthe
embeddedsentence,it
cannotbeomitted.
Pronoun replaces the
object of the embedded
sentence:
Pronoun replaces the
subject of the embedded
sentence:
Main sentence:
The river was polluted.
Embedded sentence:
We crossed it.
that OR
which
Main sentence:
The river is polluted.
Embedded sentence:
It flows through the
town.
that OR which
The river that we
crossed was polluted.
The river that flows
through the town is
polluted.
The river we crossed was
polluted.
**The river flows
through the town is
polluted.

7. Becareful!
Ifthepronounreplaces
theSUBJECTofthe
embeddedsentence,it
cannotbeomitted.
Pronoun replaces the
object of the embedded
sentence:
Pronoun replaces the
subject of the embedded
sentence:
Main sentence:
The books were cheap.
Embedded sentence:
We bought the books.
that OR
which
Main sentence:
The books were cheap.
Embedded sentence:
They were online
that OR which
The books which we
bought were cheap.
The books which were
online were cheap.
The books we bought
were cheap.
**The books were online
were cheap.