This document discusses the use of gerunds as subjects and objects in sentences. It provides examples of gerunds functioning as subjects, such as "Attending college is important these days" and as objects, such as "I enjoy learning." The document also lists different verbs that can take gerund objects, such as "finish," "dislike," and "avoid." It notes some rules for using gerunds, such as using a singular form as a subject and using "not" before a gerund to make it negative.

1. z
Gerunds as Subjects
and Objects
2. on Pages 165-166

2. z
A gerund is the –ing form of a verb that
functions as a noun. It can be the subject
or the object of a sentence.
Subject: Attending college is important
these days.
Object: I enjoy learning.

3. z
Using Gerunds as
Subjects and Objects
2.1 on Page 166

4. z Studying in the morning is difficult
for me.
Completing my application has
taken hours.
a. Use a singular form when the
gerund is the subject of the
sentence.

5. z I finished working on the project last
night.
You should not delay studying for the
exam.
b. Use a gerund as the object
after the following verbs:
Time: delay, finish

6. z My sister dislikes working in a
bookstore.
I enjoy teaching.
b. Use a gerund as the object
after the following verbs:
Likes and dislikes: appreciate,
dislike, enjoy, mind

7. z You should practice interviewing
with a friend.
You can avoid catching colds by
washing your hands frequently.
b. Use a gerund as the object
after the following verbs:
Effort and interest: avoid, keep,
practice

8. z You ought to discuss applying for
a loan with your parents.
You might propose living at home
to save money.
b. Use a gerund as the object
after the following verbs:
Communication: discuss,
propose

9. z You might consider transferring to
a university.
My counselor suggested applying
to UC Davis.
b. Use a gerund as the object
after the following verbs:
Thinking: consider, imagine,
suggest

10. z
Not attending a four-year college
is one option for students with little
money.
c. Use not before a gerund to
make it negative.

11. z
I am considering working at
home.
d. Do not confuse a gerund with
the present progressive form of
the verb.

12. z
We have hired a new director for
our marketing department.
e. Like other nouns, a gerund
can be used as an adjective.