Research and their types and data collection

1. TYPES OF RESEARCH
METHODS AND DATA
COLLECTION METHODS
ASST. PROF. RON CATACTE
BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH 1

2. RESEARCH METHODS
• - are the techniques and procedures used to collect and analyse
data in order to answer research questions and test a research
hypothesis. There are several different types of research methods,
each with its own strengths and weaknesses.

3. TYPES OF RESEARCH METHODS

4. IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH METHODS
• It’s important to note that research methods can be combined for a
more complete understanding of a research question or hypothesis.
For example, an experiment can be followed by a survey to gather
more information about participants’ attitudes and behaviors.
• Overall, the choice of research method depends on the
research question, the type of data needed, and the
resources available to the researcher.

5. DATA COLLECTION METHODS
• Data is information collected in order to answer research questions.
The kind of data you choose to collect will depend on the nature of
your research question and the aims of your study. There are a few
main category distinctions of data a researcher can collect.

6. QUANTITATIVE VS QUALITATIVE DATA
• Quantitative data is numerical and is collected through methods such as surveys,
polls, and experiments. It is often used to measure and describe the characteristics
of a large group of people or objects. This data can be analyzed using statistical
methods to find patterns and trends.
• Qualitative data, on the other hand, is non-numerical and is collected through
methods such as interviews, observations, and focus groups. It is often used to
understand the experiences, attitudes, and perceptions of individuals or small
groups. This data is analyzed using methods such as content analysis, thematic
analysis, and discourse analysis to identify patterns and themes.
• Overall, quantitative data provides a more objective and generalizable
understanding of a phenomenon, while qualitative data provides a more subjective
and in-depth understanding. Both types of data are important and can be used
together to gain a more comprehensive understanding of a topic.

8. PRIMARY VS SECONDARY DATA
• Primary and secondary research are two different types of research methods that are used in the field of academia
and market research. Both primary and secondary sources can be applied in most studies.
• Primary research is research that is conducted by the individual or organization themselves. It involves collecting
original data through methods such as surveys, interviews, or experiments. The data collected through primary
research is specific to the research question and objectives, and is not typically available through other sources.
• Secondary research, on the other hand, involves the use of existing data that has already been collected by someone
else. This can include data from government reports, academic journals, or industry publications. The advantage of
secondary research is that it is typically less time-consuming and less expensive than primary research, as the data
has already been collected. However, the data may not be as specific or relevant to the research question and
objectives.

9. The choice between using primary and secondary research
will depend on the research question, study budget, and time
constraints of the project, as well as the target journal to
which you are submitting your manuscript.

10. EXPERIMENTAL VS DESCRIPTIVE DATA
COLLECTION
• Experimental data is collected through a controlled experiment, in which the
researcher manipulates one or more variables to observe the effect on another
variable. The goal of experimental data is to determine cause-and-effect
relationships.
• For example, in a study on the effectiveness of a new drug for treating a
certain condition, the researchers would randomly assign participants to
either a group that receives the drug or a group that receives a placebo, and
then compare the outcomes between the two groups. The data collected in
this study would be considered experimental data.

11. DESCRIPTIVE DATA
• Descriptive data, on the other hand, is data that is collected through
observation or surveys and is used to describe the characteristics of
a population or phenomenon. The goal of descriptive data is to
provide a snapshot of the current state of a certain population or
phenomenon, rather than to determine cause-and-effect
relationships.
• For example, in a study on the dietary habits of a certain
population, the researchers would collect data on what types of
food the participants typically eat and how often they eat them.
This data would be considered descriptive data.

12. • In summary, experimental data is collected through a
controlled experiment to determine cause-and-effect
relationships, while descriptive data is collected through
observation or surveys to describe the characteristics of a
population or phenomenon.

13. DESCRIPTIVE DATA EXAMPLES:
1.A survey that asks people about their favorite type of music
2.A census that counts the number of people living in a certain area
3.A poll that asks people about their political affiliation

14. EXPERIMENTAL DATA EXAMPLES:
1. A study comparing the effectiveness of two different medications for treating a certain
condition
2. An experiment measuring the effect of different levels of a certain chemical on plant growth
3. A clinical trial comparing the side effects of a new treatment to a standard treatment for a
disease