Molecular imprinting is a technique for creating polymers with binding sites tailored to specific target molecules. It involves polymerizing a functional monomer around a template molecule, then removing the template to leave behind cavities that bind the target with high selectivity. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can be used for applications like separations, sensing, and catalysis. The document discusses the history of molecular imprinting, different approaches like covalent and non-covalent imprinting, factors that influence MIP synthesis, and examples of their uses and advantages like selectivity and affinity for targets.

1. ASSIGNMENT
MOLECULAR IMPRINTING
ANISHA
INT.MTECH, 9th sem

2. DEFINITIONS
Molecular
imprinting
Molecularly
imprinted
polymer (MIP
)

3. Molecular imprinting is a technique to create
template-shaped cavities in polymer
matrices with predetermined selectivity and
high affinity. This technique is based on the
system used by enzymes for substrate
recognition, which is called the "lock and key"
model

4. MIP
A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is a polymer that has been
processed using the molecular imprinting technique which leaves cavities
in the polymer matrix with an affinity for a chosen "template" molecule.

5. HISTORY & CONCEPT
▪ Allows tailor-made polymeric materials to be
obtained with memory.
▪ 1940: Emerged from Linus Pauling's theory about the
formation of antibodies
▪ It states that;
“Antigen molecules act as templates around
which serum proteins assemble to form antibodies”

6. ▪ In molecular imprinting method, the imprint molecule (template) is
added along with functional monomer and high proportions of cross-
linker, which are polymerized under appropriate conditions.
▪ During the reaction, polymeric chains self-organize around the
imprint molecules through functional group interactions.
▪ The imprint molecules can be removed or washed from the polymer
matrix, which results in the development of highly adapted binding
pockets with a complementary geometrical and chemical fitting
structure.
▪ These pockets are capable of reversibly interacting with target
molecules.
▪ The high percentage of cross-linker provides the necessary stability
to polymer chains that are not collapsed after template release.
PRINCIPLE OF MOLECULAR IMPRINTING

7. ❑ Approach by Pauling's disciple Dickey
❑ Sidney Bernhard
❑ Günter Wulff's research group 1972
❑ Shea and Thompson in 1978
❑ Noncovalent approach by Klaus
Mosbach et al. in 1988.
M.E. Díaz-GarcíaA. Fernández-González, in Encyclopedia of Analytical
Science (Second Edition), 2005

8. Adnan Mujahid, Franz L. Dickert, in Molecularly Imprinted
Catalysts 2016

9. COMPONENTS
O A number of catalytic
molecularly imprinted
polymers (MIPs) have
been developed in
recent years for
mimicking different
types of natural
enzymes, such as
carboxypeptidase A,
aldolase, peroxidase,
lipase, and
phosphotriesterase.
O Template molecules
can be metal ions,
complex, organic
molecules, amino
acids and their
derivatives, proteins,
etc

10. Non-covalent
Covalent
Ionic/Metallic
▪ TYPES OF MOLECULAR
IMPRINTING

11. ▪ Covalent
The template molecule is covalently bonded to the functional monomers that
are then polymerized together.
STEPS INVOLVED IN MOLECULAR IMPRINTING
⮚ After polymerization, the polymer matrix cleaved from the template
molecule, leavE a cavity shaped called template.
⮚ During rebinding with the original molecule binding sites interacts with the
target molecule and reestablis the covalent bonds.
⮚ During this reestablishment, kinetics associated with bond binding and bond
breakage are obtained back.
⮚ The imprinted molecule is then released from the template, in which it
would then rebind with the target molecule, forming the same covalent
bonds that were formed before polymerization.
Shah, Nasrullah (2012). "A Brief Overview of Molecularly Imprinted
Polymers: From Basics to Applications". Journal of Pharmacy
Research. 5: 3309

12. Non covalent
Interaction forces between template molecule and functional
monomer are same as the interaction forces between the polymer
matrix and analyte.
FORCES
1. Hydrogen bonds
2. Dipole dipole interactions
3. Induced dipole
forces

14. Ionic/Metallic
Involves metal ions to enhance template
molecule and functional monomer
interaction in water.
⮚ Metal ions are mediator .
⮚ Cross-linking polymers form a matrix that
is capable of metal binding

17. Two main strategies employed for MIP
technology
O Self-assembling
approach
O Uses non-covalent
forces, hydrogen
bonds, van der
waals forces, ion or
hydrophobic
interaction and
metal-
coordinations;
O Preorganized
approach
O Covalent reversible
bonds and reducing
the non-specific
sites.
O To remove the
template from the
polymer matrix, it is
necessary to cleave
the covalent bounds.

18. ❑ FACTORS AFFECTING THE MOLECULAR
IMPRINTING:
❑Template
❑ Functional monomer
❑Cross-linking monomers
❑Solvent/ Porogen
❑Initiator
❑ Temperature

19. APPLICATIONS
⮚ Affinity-based separations for biomedical, environmental,
and food analysis.
⮚ Use of molecularly imprinted materials as chemical and
biological sensors.
⮚ In fluorescence sensing, electrochemical sensing,
chemiluminescence sensing, and UV-visible sensing.
⮚ Drug delivery and biotechnology.
⮚ Pharmaceutical applications include selective drug delivery
and control drug release systems
⮚ In catalysis and solid phase extraction
⮚ MIPs in Separation Techniques

20. MIP for Solid-phase extraction

21. MOLECULAR IMPRINTING
O ADVANTAGES
O High selectivity and
affinity for the target
O Protein biomarker
detection
O high sensitivity and
selectivity of fluorescence
detection
O Selective adsorption, strong
affinity, simple preparation
O High physical resistance
O DISADVANTAGES
O Difficulty in the
accessibility of the binding
site sculpt in the three
dimensional polymer
networks
O Trapped template slowly
leaching out
O Poor mass transport
O Heterogeneity in binding
affinities

22. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Advantages-and-disadvantages-of-
polymerization-methods-for-MIP-synthesis_tbl2_323254620

23. ▪ https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201800945
▪ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_imprinting
▪ Wulff, G.; Sarhan, A. "The use of polymers with
enzyme-analogous structures for the resolution of
racemates". Angew. Chem. Int. (11): 341–346
▪ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-9936(98)00092-2
▪ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Advantages-
and-disadvantages-of-polymerization-methods-for-
MIP-synthesis_tbl2_323254620
▪ WIKIPEDIA
REFERENCES

24. FROM: ANISHA