basic of condenser

1. CONDENSERS

2. CONDENSER
FUNCTION
• The function of the condenser is to transfer heat that has been
absorbed by the system to the air or water.

3. CONDENSER
PURPOSE
• Thus the purpose of the condenser in the refrigeration system is to
remove heat from the refrigerant vapor leaving the compressor (or
generator in case of absorption system) so that the refrigerant will
condense to its liquid state.
• This liquid refrigerant will then be able to achieve the refrigerating
effect in the evaporator.

4. CONDENSER
PURPOSE
• The condenser is one of the important part of the refrigeration
system.
• The rate of heat transfer in condenser depends upon:
a. Temperature difference
b. Material of construction
c. Types and quality of cooling medium
d. Surface condition

5. CONDENSER
OPERATION
• Refrigerant always leaves the compressor at a temperature well
above its saturation (condensing) temperature.
• The refrigerant is thus in a superheated state.
• In the first part of the condenser, sensible heat is removed.
• The vapor is cooled to its saturation temperature.

6. CONDENSER
OPERATION
• After this, latent heat is removed when the vapor is cooled.
• The size of the condenser is such that, the refrigerant leaving the
condenser is a saturated liquid at the condensing temperature.
• In number of cases, the condenser heat transfer surface area is great
enough so that the liquid refrigerant is subcooled before it leaves the
condenser.
• The heat removed in the condenser is called the Heat of Rejection.

11. Types of condenser
AIR COOLED CONDENSER
a. Natural convection air cooled
condenser
b. Forced convection air cooled
condenser
WATER COOLED CONDENSER
a. Tube in tube condenser
b. Shell and coil condenser
c. Shell and tube condenser

12. CONDENSER
Fig 1: NATURAL DRAFT CONDENSER Fig 2: PLATE TYPE CONDENSER

13. CONDENSER
FORCED CONVECTION AIR COOLED CONDENSER

14. AIR COOLED CONDENSER
OPERATION
•This is the condenser in which the removal of
heat is done by air.
•These condensers are the most popular type
used on small commercial and domestic
refrigeration and air conditioning units.
• They consist of steel or copper tubing through
which the refrigerant flows.
•Tubes are usually provided with plate type fins
to increase the surface area for heat transfer.

15. AIR COOLED CONDENSER
OPERATION
•There are two types of natural draft air-cooled
condensers.
•The TUBE and FIN type shown in figure 1 and
the plate type as shown in figure 2.
•The FIN spacing is quite wide to reduce dust
clogging.

17. AIR COOLED CONDENSER
DISADVANTAGES
i. It operates at a higher condensing temperature
than a water cooled condenser. The higher
condensing temperature causes the compressor
to work more.
ii. Large condensing surface is required for air
cooled condenser as the air quantity circulated
over the condenser is low.

18. FORCED CONVECTION AIR COOLED
CONDENSER
•In this condenser, fan is used to force the air
over condenser coils to increase the heat
transfer capacity.
•The propeller type fan or the centrifugal type
fan may be used to move the air.
•The type of fan used depends on design factors
such as air resistance, noise level, space
requirements etc.

20. SHELL AND COIL CONDENSERS
•Coil of tubing enclosed in a welded shell
•Water flows through the coil
•Refrigerant from the compressor is discharged into the
shell
•The shell also acts as the receiver
•When refrigerant comes in contact with the cool coil, it
condenses and falls to the bottom
•This condenser must be cleaned chemically

21. Shell and Coil Condenser
Shell Hot discharge gas from
compressor
Subcooled liquid from condenser
Cool water in
Warm water out
Water coil Droplets of condensed
refrigerant
Bottom of shell acts
as a receiver

22. SHEL AND TUBE CONDENSERS
•Can be cleaned mechanically
•Compressor discharge gas is piped into the shell
•Water flows through the tubes in the condenser
•The ends of the shell are removed for cleaning
•The shell acts as a receiver
•Refrigerant circuit is not disturbed when the ends of the
shell (water boxes) are opened
•Most expensive type of condenser

23. Hot discharge gas from
compressor
Subcooled liquid from condenser
Cool water
in
Warm
water out
Water Tubes
Bottom of the condenser
acts as the receiver
Shell

24. Thank you….