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Amphetamine
- 2. History • It was first synthesized by Lazar Edeleanu in 1887 in Germany. • Phenylisopropylamine. • The stimulant properties were unknown until 1927 • It was not medically used until 1934 when it was marketed as a decongestant.
- 3. …History! • Trade name – Benzedrine • It was used to treat: epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, fatigue, depression, schizophrenia, alcoholism, myasthenia gravis (muscle weakness), migraine, sea sickness, persistent hiccups. • They were used for performance- enhancing and stimulant effects during world war II.
- 4. What are Involved? • The Nervous System involved is the Central Nervous System as it affects chemicals in the brain and nerves. • There are three neurotransmitters involved: ▫ Dopamine (mainly) ▫ Serotonin ▫ Nor-epinephrine
- 5. How It Works? • They are stimulant drugs. • They increase the amount of neurotransmitters (mainly dopamine) traveling across synapses of the brain in the body that cause specific physical and psychological effects. • Increase of serotonin causes depletion and increase of nor-epinephrine leads to fight-or- flight response.
- 6. …How it Works? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ju_qha2O BL4 • They increase dopamine level in three ways: ▫ They push out extra dopamine into the synapse by invading the nerve cell preceding the synapse ▫ They prevent the re-uptake of dopamine by plugging transporter molecules that holds dopamine at high levels artificially. ▫ They can cause the transporters to work in reverse that pumps more dopamine into synapse. • Dopamine is not recycled and so what one feels is more intense and it lasts about 4 to 24 hours.
- 7. Therapeutic Use • ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) • Narcolepsy • Obesity • Depression
- 8. The Basis of the Effects • Size, weight and health • Is the person used to it • Presence of other drugs • The amount taken • The strength of the drug
- 9. Helpful Effects • Happiness • Confidence • Energy • Alertness
- 10. Other Effects • Itching and scratching • Unrealistic sense of power and euphoria • Restlessness • Large pupils • Dry mouth • Fast heart beat and breathing • Teeth grinding • Excessive sweating • Increased sex drive
- 11. Harmful Effects • Addiction • Aggression • Reduced appetite • Headaches • Exhaustion • Dizziness • Hallucinations Overdose causes: • Fits • Passing out • Stroke, heat attack, death even Injecting it can increase the risk of: • Hepatitis B or C • HIV/AIDS • Tetanus Withdrawal Symptoms: • Sleeping • Increase in appetite • Anxiety • Cravings • Depression
- 12. Misuse • Addictive • Illegally sold • Used like drugs: injection, snorting, drinking
- 13. Facts • Its street names are: benz, speed, sparkles, lightening, super jellies, dexy, hearts, eye openers • They are synthetic. • There are 20 countries that use amphetamines more than heroin and cocaine. • There are different types of amphetamines: ▫ Legal ▫ Natural ▫ Dextroamphetamine ▫ Levoamphetamine ▫ Lisdexamphetamine ▫ Methamphetamine ▫ Adderall • Methamphetamine (ice) usage is increasing in many countries including Australia.
- 14. Citation • http://amphetamines.com/facts/ • http://www.bluebelly.org.au/howtheywork/articlebabb. html?aid=156. • http://www.amphetaminerisks.com/how-does- amphetamine-work • https://www.drugs.com/amphetamine.html • http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/221211.php • http://apt.rcpsych.org/content/aptrcpsych/2/5/211.full. pdf • http://www.castlecraig.co.uk/resources/drugs/types- drugs/amphetamines • http://amphetamines.com/street-names/
- 15. Thank you!