3. “Audio visual aids are any device which can
be used to make the learning experience
more concrete , more realistic and more
dynamic” KINDAR . S. JAMES
4.
5. Audio visual material should function as
integral part of educational programme
Audio visual aids should be centralized under
specialized direction and leader ship
Advisory committee should be appointed for
the selection and co-ordination of AV aids
Instructors have to help the student how to
use AV aids
Budget appropriation should be made
regularly
Legal aspect should be considered
8. Opaque projector, built of large black
Consists two mirrors at top & bottom;1000w bulb
principle
Light rays passes through the first mirror, then to the
object, light rays from the illuminated picture then
focuses to the second mirror , then it is projected to
screen by using a convex lens
operation :handle beneath the epidiascope is
lowered
then the picture want to project is placed on the
plate and handle is fixed again , then switch on light
9.
10. Helps in retention
of material
Attract attention
Arouse interest
among the student
Tests students
interesting
It is easily
breakable
It should be
planned in
sequence
12. Magic lantern, used for projecting film strips
It contains condensing lenses to concentrate all
light into beam,500w bulb, smooth channel for
threading the film
Near the base of the channel there is knob which
carries a film strip, can be turned by hand to pull
the film strip through the projector
OPERATION : projector is placed on the table, as
face to the screen, insert one end of the film strip
in the knob (inverted position), film strip is
advanced by turning the knob
The blower and the lamp switched on; distance
between the projector and the screen is adjusted
to get the picture on the screen
13. It is an economical
visual material
It is to make a
convenient to
handle and carry
Takes up little
space and can be
eassily stored
Logical sequence
to teaching
The equipment
used for is quite
expensive
14. OVER HEAD PROJECTOR
Vital teaching aid, replaces chalk board,
produces images behind and over the head
of the teacher
It consists metal box with 1000w bulb and a concave
reflector
vertical rod on the side of the box carries objective
convex lens and mirror which can be slows up and
down by using rock and pinion arrangement
Size of the sheet is 25cm *25 cm
15. STEPS IN USING OHP
Place the
OHP on
the table
facing to
screen
Put the
plug into
the
power
wall
socket
switch
on the
blower
first and
lamp
Move the
objective
lens and
mirror up
and
down to
get the
image on
the
screen
Explain the
material on the
transparency
with a small
pointer
16. • Permits the teacher
pointing the material &
observe the student on
the same time
• It can be used in fairly
lighted room
• Materials projected can be
changed quickly and easily
• Operation of OHP is
convenient
• OHP can be used with
other type of AV aids
OHP is too costly
Writing by some type of
pen get blotted out on
plastic
17. Still picture gives illusion of space
Observer receives the impression of reality
Photographs are made by stereoscopic camera
Two photographs being taken from slightly different
angle which are enlarged and merged into one view
18. Micro film contains photographed reading material each
frame being reduced photo of printed page. It can be used
for the storage and retrieval of information. when micro
film is passed through microfilm reader, an enlarged image
is found on the on the screen
19.
20. CARTOON
Metaphorical presentation of reality, humorous caricature
It is an interpretative which uses symbols to portray an
opinion , situation
Quality of drawing should be high
ADVANTAGES
Initiate certain lesson, motivate students to start a
discussion, make the lesson lively and interesting
21. COMIC STRIPS
Series of pictures
very interesting in teaching stories, historical events, scientific
process
It enhances imagination , stimulate reality and involvement
22. CHARTS
Visual illustrative media for depicting the relation between
main idea and supporting facts
purposes of charts
for showing relation by means of facts and figures
To show the continuity of process
For presenting abstract idea
For showing the development of structure
To stimulate thinking
HOW TO USE THE CHART EFFECTIVELY?
23. Types of chart
Narrative chart : narrating the idea and the facts
Cause and effective chart :relationship between rights and
responsibilities
Chain chart: expressing idea and facts in the form of cycles
Evolution chart: for expressing changes in specific item from
beginning
Strip tease chart : expressing information step by step. it has
Great suspense value, holding attention and building interest,
Increases interest and imagination of audience
Pull chart
Flow chart
Time or table chart
Job chart
Tree chart
Flip chart
Pie chart
24. FLASH CARDS
These are the sequence of cards which are presented before the
audience in proper sequence to till a complete story, size :25 *
30cm, it should contain picture or diagrams
PREPARATION OF FLASH CARD
cut full sheet chart paper into four equal parts
Height of the writing should be 5cm
It should hold in a way that the audience can see properly
ADVANTAGES OF FLASH CARDS
used to introduce and present the topic
Can be used to review a topic
Can be used to develop cognitive ability of recognition and
recall of students
25. GRAPHS
It depicts numerical or quantitative or statistical
data are presented in the form of visual symbols
TYPES OF GRAPHS
PIE GRAPH:
Data are presented through
the sectors of circle
26. BAR GRAPH
0 2 4 6
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
Category 4
Series 3
Series 2
Series 1
A graphic presentation extends the scale horizontally along the
length of the bars
28. Pictorial graph
Pictures are used for expressing the idea ,more
attractive and easily understood. Vivid pictures are
used for depicting the information
30. chalk board
It is the life of the class room, helps to teacher in explaining,
illustrating, and giving notes to children. It can be made of
plastic, wood, cement or glass
types of chalk board
ORDINARY CHALK BOARD: it is movable and adjustable
And contains a wooden support
ROLLER TYPE: made of thick canvas, wrapped on a roller
Magnetic board: made up of steel on which magnet can
used to hold the objects
BLACK OR GREEN BLACK BOARD: framed with wood and
available on black or green color
31. Rules in using chalk board
Letters and drawing should be in large size and legible
Avoid spelling mistake
Writing should be in straight row
Do not use abbreviation
While writing on the board , the teacher should ensure
that the class is attentive
32. Economical
teaching aid
Captures student
attention
It can be used
again and again
It makes the
student to heavily
depend on teacher
Makes chalk
powder to inhaled
by teacher
Constant use of
chalk board make
it smooth and full
of glare
33. Bulletin board
It can be used for educational and informational purpose. It is a
soft board which holds pins or tags and used for displaying
material
34. Principles in the use of bulletin board
A board for posting notices should be kept separate from
those for current events and study
Placement of bulletin board is to have one near the
administrator’s office , other near the library third on
conference hall, fourth one is in class room
Appearance should be neat orderly and attractive manner
Notices should be removed as they have fulfilled the purpose
Crowding of material should be avoided ,organized in
attractive manner
Bulletin board should be kept a little above the eye levels of
the average individuals
35. Flannel board
The rigid material covered with flannel cloth. The item to be displayed
are pictures, or drawing
36. Magnetic chalk board
A magnetic chalk board is framed iron sheet carrying porcelain
coating .Magnetic chalk board can used to write with chalk
stick , glass marking pencil, and to display pictures
38. Types of model
Scale model: correct idea of an object can be displayed
Simplified model : gives a idea about external form of object
Working model : to demonstrate in a simple way of an operation
or process
Cross section model :inside of an object is visible
39. specimen
Part of a real object taken from natural setting.
It shows the quality of structure . Eg :section of
lung
40. Mock up
It emphasizes the functional relationship between device reality
and its workability. Certain elements of original reality is
emphasized to make it more meaning full eg :an artificial kidney
to demonstrate dialysis
41. moulage
It can be made up of plastic material to stimulate
life object
44. RADIO
CHARACTERISTICS OF AUDIO EXPERIENCE
Immediacy : can describe the events as they happen
Emotional impact :through the combined effect of
music , voice , and environmental sound students
interest can captured
One way communication :no possibility of students
feed back
46. advantages
Recording can be stopped at will
Recording can play when we required
It can be used for introducing as well as summarizing the
topic
To evaluate the speech defect in ones own speech
To teach good pronunciation in foreign language
48. uses
It combines the sound and sight ,thus makes the experience
more concrete, real, and immediate
Offers uniformity in communication even the back bench
feels the pleasure of front row seat
It offers opportunity for seeing and listening
It can teach large number of students at a time
It provides excellent learning opportunity for both pre
service and inservice education of teachers
Helps to make the leisure time more interested
52. Handling large
number of student
Multi dimensional
learning through
works and graph
The high storage
capacity of a
computer allows to
complete many
activity at a time
It lacks human and
emotional factor
Computers are very
costly
Problem in developing
language
