4. Board of Governors
Responsibilities
Setting reserve requirements
for depository institutions
Approval over discount rate
Financial safety
Oversees Reserve Banks
5. Federal Reserve Banks
Serves
Banks
U.S. Treasury
Public
Purpose
Supervise commercial banks
Conduct research on economic
issues
Divided by region
6. Regions
1. San Francisco,
CA
2. Kansas City, KS
3. Dallas, TX
4. Minneapolis,
MN
5. Chicago, IL
6. St Louis, MI
7. Atlanta, GA
8. Cleveland, OH
9. Richmond, VA
10.Philadelphia, PA
11.New York, NY
12.Boston, MA
7. Commercial Bank and The Public
Consumers
Businesses
Federal Agencies
Member Banks
National Banks
Stock holders
Other Depository Institutions
Non-member
Commercial Banks
Savings Banks
Loan Associations
Credit Unions
The Public
8. Committees: Members and Roles
Federal Open Market
Committee
Board of
Governors
5 Federal
Reserve
District
Presidents
Monetary
policy making
body
Advisory Committees
Include
Federal Advisory
Council
Consumer
Advisory Council
Thrift Institutions
Advisory Council
No official policy
making role
Provide advice
and feedback
Board Of
Governors
Federal
Reserve
Banks
Commercial
Banks
The Public
Federal Open
Market
Committee
Advisory
Committees
9. Monetary Policy
The Federal Reserve implements monetary policy to
influence the amount of money and credit in the U.S.
economy.
They use two policies:
- Expansionary
-Contractionary
The Fed uses three basic tools of monetary policy:
Open Market Operations
Discount Rate
Reserve Requirement
10. Policies and Tools Used:
Expansionary Policy:
Open Market Operations: Gov’t purchases bonds
Decreases the Discount Rate
Decreases the Reserve Requirements
Contractionary Policy:
Open Market Operations: Gov’t sells Bonds
Increases the Discount rate
Increases the Reserve Requirements
11. Open Market Operations
When the Fed wants to influence the money
supply, they will buy or sell government bonds.
This is called open market operations.
When the Fed wants to increase the money supply
they will buy bonds. When the Fed wants to
decrease the money supply the will sell bonds.
Open market operations is the most important tool
of monetary policy because it’s subtle, and can be
implemented quickly and cheaply.
12. Reserve Requirement
The reserve requirement is the percent of deposits
a bank must keep as reserves.
A higher reserve requirement lowers the money
supply.
A lower reserve requirement raises the money
supply.
Though it’s hardly ever used, the reserve
requirement affects the amount of money a bank
can lend.
13. Monetary Measures Used:
Provides payment services to keep a stable system
During the financial crisis: liquidity was provided
because loans were undesirable due to credit markets
being seized.
Currently there are several temporary lending programs
to nonbank financial institutions:
- commercial paper issuers
- money market mutual fund
- primary securities dealer
In 2010 the Dodd- Frank Act restricted the Federal
Reserve to lend money without the approval from U.S
Treasury Department.
Contractionary Monetary Policy : This lowers,
- inflation rates
- creates employment
- stabilizes prices
14.
15.
16. Works Cited
"AmosWEB Is Economics: Encyclonomic WEB*pedia." AmosWEB Is
Economics: Encyclonomic WEB*pedia. Web. 12 Nov. 2015.
Smale, Pauline. "Structure and Functions of the Federal Reserve System."
Structure and Functions of the Federal Reserve System. US Department of
State, 2010. Print.
"The Fed's Structure - Federal Reserve Structure and Functions." Federal
Reserve Bank of Atlanta. Web. 10 Nov. 2015.
"The Structure and Functions of the Federal Reserve System." The Structure
and Functions of the Federal Reserve System. Web. 12 Nov. 2015.
"The Structure of the Federal Reserve System." The Structure of the Federal
Reserve System. Web. 16 Nov. 2015.
"National Fed Resources." Federal Reserve System. Web. 16 Nov. 2015.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRUITSOw6Ek
"What Is the Fed: Financial Stability." Education. Federal Reserve Bank of
San Francisco, n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2015.
http://blog-imfdirect.imf.org/2013/07/30/u-s-fiscal-policy-a-tough-balancing-
act/