2. Outlines
1. Introduction
2. Definition of Teaching Methods Teaching methodslearning.
3. Type of learning.
4-Purpose of method.
5-Factor to consider in choosing a method.
6-teching style.
7-Hierarchy of knowledge.
3. ◦ 8- definition of learning style.
◦ 9-Type of learning style.
◦ 10- type of learning environment.
◦ 11- prepare teaching environment.
◦ 12- teaching methods
◦ 1-Lecture
◦ 2-Problem based learning.
◦ 3-Problem solving .
◦ 4-Case study.
6. Introduction
◦ Teaching is an integral part of education that provides knowledge,
develops understanding, skills by establishing harmonies relationships
between the teacher, the student and the curriculum.
◦ •There are different methods of teaching with its advantages and
disadvantages so combination of more than one method is beneficial
7. Definition of Teaching
◦ Teaching is a Systemic process of imparting knowledge
and skills based on some educational Objectives
to communicate the message of knowledge
◦ Teaching is interaction between teacher and student under the teacher
responsibility In order to bring about expected changes in the student
behavior
8. Definition of Method
◦ A well – Planned step –by – step procedure that is
◦ directed towards a desired learning outcome
9. Definition of Teaching Methods
◦ The way in which teacher uses activities and learning objects
for enhancement of learning according to objectives combination of
techniques and activities
10. ◦ Definition of learning:-
◦ Learning can be defined as any relatively permanent change in
behavior or behavioral tendency that occurs as a result of
practice , prior experience or a person interaction with
environment.
11. Type of learning.
◦ 1-Blended learning
◦ Definition :-also known as( hybrid learning ) is a method of teaching that
integrates technology and digital media with traditional instructor
classroom activities , giving students more flexibility to customize their
learning experience .
12.
13. Type of blended learning
◦ 1. Rotation model
◦ A-Station rotation Learning
◦ The Station Rotation Learning model allows students to
rotate through stations that are a blend of traditional and
online learning. The rotation occurs based on a fixed
schedule. This model particularly applies to elementary
schools
14. B - lab rotation model
◦ The Lab Rotation model and the Station
Rotation model are alike. This model
uses computer labs in schools on a
rotation basis as per a fixed schedule.
This model works by considering both
the learning needs and the resources
available.
15. c-Individual rotation learning
◦ This is another type of rotation model where students rotate through
stations at regular intervals following a schedule. But unlike other
rotation models, the Individual Rotation model allows students to rotate
through stations according to an individual schedule of the software
algorithm or the teacher
16. D- flipped classroom
◦ In a Flipped Classroom, the traditional roles of the school and home
are flipped. The concept learning occurs at home and the students
practice it in the school in a supportive environment with peers and
teachers.
17. Advantages of flip classroom
1) Flexibility and more effective
2) Encourages active learning
3) Promotes practical-based learning
4) Reduces costs
5) It promote student centered learning and collaboration
18. Dis advantages of flipped class room
◦ It create digital divide .
◦ It depend on preparation and trust
◦ Teacher may have extra work
◦ Students may forced to spent time in front of the screen
19. 2- flex model of type of blended
Is one which students work through complete online curricula in a brick
and mortar classroom with teachers there in person to help support that
work
20. 3- A la carte model of type of blended
◦ In the A la carte model , students are able to pick and chose between
entirely face to face courses or online courses in any combination
21. Advantage of blended learning
1) Learn any time , any where
2) Time saving [less class time with use of internet ]
3) Learner control
4) Provide live feedback from peers which it is preferable to feedback
received online
5) Reduce dependency on trainers
6) Wide opportunities engaged in learning
7) Improve technology skills
22. Dis advantages of blended learning
◦ Difficult to understand and implement
◦ Fast change technology
◦ Costly software and hardware
◦ Increase teacher work load
23. 2-Mixed learning
◦ Study that combines traditional face-to-face learning with learning at a
distance in a structured program. The Web may be used to
enhance learning during study by one or both of these modes
24. Learning style:-
◦ Is a group of characteristics , attitudes and behavior that define our
way of learning
◦ ◦Learning style is a particular way in which the mind receive and
processes information
25.
26. Type of learning style
◦ 1-Visual
◦ ◦The individual process information inti pictures rather than words
◦ 2-Auditory
◦ ◦Auditory learner enjoy taking and listening
◦ ◦They remember what they hear more clearly than what they see or
feel
◦ 3-Kinesthetic
◦ ◦Kinaesthetic use whole body while learning snd usually
have ahigh level of gross motor skill control
27. Type of learning style:-
◦ 4-Tactile
◦ ◦Tactile learner best learn from a sense of touch , when using their
hands
◦ 5-Individual solitary
◦ ◦Individual solitary prefer to learn alone and self study
◦ ◦Solitary learner are more private and independent
◦ 6-Group social
◦ ◦Social learner prefer to learn in groups and with others
28. Teaching style
1-The formal Authority
is teacher-centered , one-way presentations. Students are expected to
take notes
2-The Demonstrator, or coach style
, The Delegator Style, The Facilitator Style, and The Hybrid Style
30. PURPOSE OF METHODS
Make learning more efficient .
Make planning clear and precise to prevent confusion ,
unnecessary delays and time wastage .
Help in planning for assessment and evaluation of the lesson.
Enable learner to think logically.
Facilitates smooth transition from one activity to another.
serve as guide in preparing all the needed materials, tasks and
equipment .
31. Cont..
Approximate time to be allotted for each
activity to avoid waste of time .
Add to a feeling of confidence and security for the teacher and
students .
32. Factor to consider in choosing a method
1-Learners
-the first to consider when choosing a method.
the characteristics & nature of the students – age ,
maturity ,grade level, abilities , interests, growth ,health
,problems should be considered for learning to take place.
33. 2-Subject matter
-this factor deals with the nature of the content to be
learned which may be difficult or uninteresting .
-the teacher must be able to use choose the
methods that will make learning effective
&meaningful.
34. 3- objectives
-the expected outcome of the lesson also dictates the
strategy to be used .
- it must be one that will ensure full achievement of the
set objectives.
35. 4-Time allotment .
-How much time does the teacher have to teach the
lesson?
-the strategy must be able to help target the desired
outcomes within the time frame.
36. 5- Teacher.
- the teachers style , academic preparation , skills,
interest& abilities are also points of consideration .
- it is important that heshe could effectively execute
the methodstrategy of his choice to ensure success of
learning
37. 6-School Equipment &facilities.
- the availability of materials, devices & technologies
needed should be considered for the lack of them may
hamper the achievement of the target.
38. Teaching Environment
◦ learning environment may refer to the culture of the population
it serves and of their location. Learning environments are highly diverse
in use
, learning styles, and educational institution
39. Types of learning environment
◦ Learning environments can be
traditional or virtual (or a combination of both)
There are three learning environment categories:
1. face to face
2. Online
3. hybrid.
40. Types of learning environment:
1. face-to-face
Face to face or traditional, learning occurs in person.
This means that assignments, discussions, and activities occur in
the classroom under the direction of an instructor
2. Online (E- learning)
Online learning occurs via an internet-based platform.
41. Types of learning environment:
◦ The teacher sets up lessons and assignments ahead of time,
and students complete them independently
3. Hybrid learning
Use both face-to-face and online learning environments.
Students are scheduled to meet for class in-person, but are also required
to do work independently online
42. Prepare teaching environment
◦ Teachers work to create an effective learning environment for students,
This ensures that students have the best opportunity to learn.
◦ administrators and board members can work together to provide an
atmosphere that supports teachers and creates an effective teaching
environment where teachers' efforts and plans are supported and
encouraged
43. 1. encourage the teacher to build relationships with students
2. Create interesting lessons with real-life applications that provide a positive
and effective learning environment
3. Provide lessons with multiple modalities and learning styles to encourage
students to learn in ways that capitalize on their individual strengths and
abilities
4. Come prepared to teach and expect students to come prepared to learn
5. Require that the school provide clean, safe, well-lit, comfortable classrooms
for instruction
44. 6. Take advantage of professional development opportunities that allow you
to continue to learn and apply new information to your teaching style.
7. The Learner must be active
8. Schools can support teachers by providing quality technology and
resources that enhance instructional variety.
9. Support mentoring programs that pair new teachers with seasoned,
master instructors that foster positive teaching partnerships, improve
instruction and give new teachers more confidence in the classroom.
45. 1-Lecture :-
1-Oldest method.
2-Autocratic style.
3-Teacher is active ,students are passive.
4-Centered on presentation of content , does not consider learners
ability , interest &personality .
5-Purpose of this method is to achieve cognitive & affective objectives.
Teaching methods
46. Lecture :-
◦ A lecture :- is an oral presentation intended
(planned) to present information or teach
people about a particular subject.
◦ Lecture method:- is the teaching procedure
comprising the presentation of content ,
clarification of doubt , explanation of facts,
principles& relationships.
47. Type of lecture
◦ 1-Traditional oral essay
The teacher is an orator the only
speaker .
2-participatory lecture .
Beings with learners
Brain storming ideas on the
lecture topic on what they have read in
preparation.
48. ◦ 3- feedback lecture .
◦ consists with mini lectures with 10 minute small
group discussion.
◦ Opportunity to manipulate the lecture content
◦ 4- mediated lecture .
◦ Use of media such as films, slides , web-based
images along with traditional lecture.
52. Advantages
◦ You can demonstrate and use any type of media while teaching
◦ It can be early revived.
◦ The teacher can be a model.
◦ Students become more familiar with the teacher.
◦ Large material of any subject can be covered and discussed.
◦ Large material of any subject can be explained in a short span of time
53. Disadvantage
◦ In the Lecture method of teaching, some information on the subject is
already known to the students.
◦ It may not be possible for a teacher to pay attention to all the students in
a huge class.
◦ In this method of teaching giving notes to the student is very important
but some students may not be habituated to take dictation and notes.
◦ The lecture information may be forgotten quickly.
◦ There is no check up whether teaching beneficial or not.
54. .
◦ The lecture is not effective when the objects are not clear.
◦ This method of teaching students is depending on the teacher.
◦ This creates laziness in the classroom by stopping the
communication between the student and the teacher.
55. Guidelines for Preparing Effective Presentation Of
lectures
Before the Presentation :
◦ Organizing content
◦ Preparing effective displays
◦ Timing your talk
The Presentation :
◦ Check to make sure the microphone works before you begin
◦ Be sure everyone in the room can see your material.
◦ Don't apologize for incomplete results.
56. After the Presentation :
◦ Thank the audience for its attention.
◦ Gather you materials and move off quickly to allow the next
presenter to prepare.
◦ Stay for the entire session and, afterward, be available for people
to ask you questions.
57. 2- problem based learning
◦ Definition :-is a teaching strategy that many teachers already use
without the planning process having been developed or thought out
.PBL integrates real world problems with curriculum objectives to allow
students the opportunity to find solutions while taking control of their
own learning.
58. THe seven step PBL
◦
◦ Step 1: Clarify terms and concepts
◦ Step 2: Define the problem(s)
Step 3: Analyze the problem(s) - ”Brainstorm”
◦ Step 4: List of the analysis and possible solutions
◦ Step 5: Formulate Learning Objectives
◦ Step 6: Collect additional information focused on Learning Objectives
◦ Step 7: Synthesize and present new information.
59. GOOD PBL Facilitator.
A Knowledge of the PBL process.
Commitment to student directed learning,
Ability to generate a non threatening environment whilst acting to
promote discussion and critical thinking.
An ability to facilitate and not teach.
Willingness to make constructive evaluation of the student and group
performance.
60. Good PBL Student
◦ Prompt and present all sessions .
◦ A knowledge of the PBL process.
◦ Commitment to self /student directed learning.
◦ Active participation in discussion and critical thinking whilst contributing
to a friendly non threatening environment .
◦ Willingness to make constructive evaluation of self , group and tutor .
62. Disadvantage of PBL
◦ Tutors who cant teach .
◦ Less content knowledge may be learned.
◦ Require more time.
63. 3- problem solving
◦ Definition :-
The act of defining a problem , determining the cause of the
problem , identifying , prioritizing and selecting alternatives for a solution
and implementing a solution.
64. Steps of problem solving .
1. Recognize that there is a problem .
2. Identify the problem.
3. Generate alternative solutions .
4. Choose among the alternative solutions.
5. Implement the chosen solution .
6. Evaluate the solution
65. Advantages of problem solving
1. It provides the active participation of the students in teaching learning
activity.
2. It habituates student to study regular and organized.
3. It provides students to gain scientific view and thinking.
4. It makes students to be interested in learning.
5. It helps to improve the sense of responsibility of student.
6. It provides students to face the problems boldly and to deal with it in a
scientific approach.
66. Dis advantages of problem solving
1. It take too much time .
2. It is not possible to apply this method to all disciplines.
3. It can load some worldly burdensome to students .
4. It can be difficult for students to provide the materials and sources
which is required for solving the problem.
67.
68. 4-Case study
Case studies is an instructional method (not a theory)
that refers to assigned scenarios based on situations in which
students observe, analyse, record, implement, conclude
, summarize, or recommend. Case studies are created and
used as a tool for analysis and discussion.
69. Steps of case study
1) Select a case .
2) Methods of data collection and analysis .observation, interviews. And
document analysis.
3) Analyze data.
4) Quality control in qualitative research.
5) Writing and description.
6) assertions
70. Advantage of case study
1. Can be done remotely. ...
2. It is inexpensive. ...
3. It is very accessible to readers.
4. Provides detailed (rich qualitative) information
5. Active participation on the part of the learner.
6. It improves -analytical thinking, communication, developing tolerance for
different views on the same subject, ability to defend one's own point of
view with logic and enhances team work of the participants making them
efficient over time.
71. Disadvantage os case study
1. It takes longer to analyse the data.
2. . It requires a small sample size to be effective.
3. Can lead to bias
72. Preparing case study
◦ 1-Setting goals/objectives
◦ 2-Picking a case
◦ 3 be prepare
◦ 4. Prepare your student your students
◦ 5-Get to know your students
◦ 6-Leading the discussion
◦ 7-Classroom setup
◦ 8-Asking questions
73.
74. 5-Brainstorming
◦ Conference technique by which a group attempted to find a solution for
specific problem by amassing all ideas spontaneously by its members
◦ Is a process designed to obtain the maximum number of ideas related
to specific area of interest
◦ It also a technique that maximizes the ability to generate new ideas
75. Steps of brain storming
1) DEFINE THE PROBLEM
2) SET THE TIME, PLACE AND PROCESS
3) INTRODUCE THE FACILITATOR
4) GATHER, FILTER AND ASSESS IDEAS
5) PRESENT RESULTS
76. Type of brain storming
1-Structured brainstorming
◦ : Members of group will sit in a circle.
◦ The leader facilitates the brainstorming.
◦ The facilitator will write their ideas in a rotational form on the board.
◦ This exercise will be carried out in particular order till each person
contributes an idea. If a member is not ready with his/her idea it can
passed, latter he or she may provide idea or pass again
77. 2-Unstructured brainstorming:
◦ Members of group can sit in a circle or in a classroom in any
form of arrangement. There is no order of response. The
facilitator will motivate everyone to provide his/her idea
78. 3-Reverse Brainstorming
This technique is also known as reverse thinking in which people find
ways to introduce barriers in your way and try to prevent you from the
objective you are trying to achieve. This method is suitable for small or
large groups and for people who find it complicated to create ideas or
people who have an asset but are unable to optimally use it
79. ◦ 4-Speed storming
◦ In this technique, 6 people are prompted and provided with a
piece of paper. All of the participants generate 4 ideas each
within 5 minutes. The next step would be the person passes his
or her piece of paper to the right and the next person then builds
new ideas on the ones that he has got from his left.
◦ This process is continued more times until you have spent about
30 minutes generating all the ideas.
80. 5)-Electronic Brainstorming (EBS
◦ When an electric medium is used to collaborate an idea such as
video conferencing it is known as electronic brainstorming. The
common network is used where every team member will
contribute an idea or suggestion and the suggestions can be
adjusted put together to form a meaningful conclusion.
81. The role of facilitator in a brainstorming session
1) The facilitator role is a key role in brainstorming sessions.
2) A strong facilitator is necessary to bring out ideas and keep the session
moving forward and the participants focused.
3) plan, guide and manage a group event
4) •Each student contribute his ideas
5) •The teacher write the students ideas on the board.
6) The facilitator categorize the key points offered by students•
7) The facilitator summarize the students contributions to discussion and
coordinate their participation.
8) ensure that the group's objectives are met effectively
82. Techniques that facilitate discussion in
brain storming verbal skills :
1) Ask open questions
2) Ensure that student talk more than you do .
3) Summarize discussion points and draw conclusion
83. Techniques that facilitate discussion in
brain storming Non verbal skills
1) Maintain eye contact with every one .
2) Move around the room without distracting the group.
3) React to what people say by nodding ,smiling
84. Advantages of brain storming
1) Many ideas can be generated in a short time
2) Require few material resources.
3) The result can be used immediately
4) Provide interaction among team working(•Exchange knowledge and
experience )
5) Increase creativity
6) This method is easy to understand and not a complicated technique.
85. Disadvantages of Brainstorming
1) Time Consuming Process
2) Not All Team Members Contribute
3) May consume a lot of material
e.g. writing materials.
4) Requires high level facilitation skills.
87. Electronic learning
◦ Definition
◦ The delivery of a learning, training or education program by electronic
means
◦ E_learning involve the use of a computer or electronic device ( eg.
Mobile phone )
In some way to provide training, educational or learning materials
88. Electronic learning
Advantage
◦ Easy access
Can access educational and
informational contents any time,
anywhere
Available even in area where there
is no school college
◦ Flexibility
◦ Interesting and motivation
Disadvantage
◦ Require knowledge and skills
for the use of multimedia
internet and web technology
◦ Lack of equipment
◦ Costly
Tools are very expensive
Repair also very expensive
89. Type of E-learning
◦ Different types of e- Learning
There are fundamentally four types of e-Learning:
1-Synchronous training
2-Asynchronous training
3-Computer Managed Learning (CML).
4- Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI).
90. Type of E-learning
◦ 1. Synchronous:- means “at the same time,” involves the interaction of
participants with an instructor via the Web in real-time.
◦ 2-Asynchronous:- which means “not at the same time,” allows the
participants to complete the WBT (Web-based training) at their own
pace, without live interaction with the instructor.
91. ◦ 3- The computer managed learning:- an electronic management
information system of a student learning.
◦ It is a significant application of computer technology for
accountability and documentation of student progress by electronic
filing, sorting, and reporting of his learning outcomes
◦ .
92. Advantages and disadvantages of CML
Advantages
1) No need for real classes which
saves money.
2) No need for transportation .
3) Independent and reliable.
4) More than one method for delivering
information /resources.
disadvantages
◦ Lack of motivation
◦ No immediate feedback sometimes.
93. 4- computer assisted instruction
◦ Definition:- is an interactive instructional technique whereby a computer
is used to present in the instructional material and monitor the learning
that takes place.
94. Advantages and disadvantages of CAI
advantages
◦ GREAT motivation
◦ One to one interaction
◦ Learn more and more rapidly
◦ Self directed learning
◦ Helps teacher can devote more time to
individual student
Disadvantages
◦ Over use of multimedia may divert the
attention from the content
◦ Lack of infrastructure
◦ Cost factor
96. Web based learning
◦
Definition :-
Web-based learning refers to the type of learning that uses the
Internet as an instructional delivery tool to carry out
various learning activities.
97. Advantages of web based learning.
1) Availability.
2) Affordable cost.
3) Easily updated.
4) Better tracking , assessing and recording students presence and
achievement.
5) More personalized learning and material support.
98. Dis advantages of web based learning
1- limitation of human contact.
2- limitation of bandwidth.
99. 8-Role play
◦ Definition
Role play is discussion techniques that makes it possible to get
maximum participation of a group through acting out.
100. Using role-playing in teaching
◦ •Role– playing is an effective teaching methods that can be used with
small groups to give students opportunities to practice the knowledge
and skill they learned in the classroom.
◦ •Communication skill are enhanced through practice session Students
play roles they may or may not have experiences with in real life.
◦ •The overall mood a training session can be improved by the
excitement that role playing provide.
101. Steps of role playing.
1) Selection of a problem.
2) Construction of role play situation
3) Casting the players .
4) Briefing .
5) Role playing action.
6) Discussion &analysis of action.
7) Evaluation.
102. Requirements of successful role play :-
◦ •Careful definitions of the goals and objectives
◦ •Selection of the characters according to enthusiasm , sincerity and
willingness of the players
◦ •Should not be rehearsed.
◦ •Should be stimulant to thinking.
◦ •Flexible.
◦ •Brief . (15 minutes )
◦ •Analysis and evaluation immediately following role play
103. Advantages of role play model:
◦ •It does not need material or
advance preparation
◦ Helps to develop self esteem
and confidence.
◦ Helps to develop real
communication skills in
leadership ,interviewing and
social interaction
◦ Helps to develop ability to
observe and analyze situation
◦ •Give them opportunity to show
their creativity.
◦ -•It is simple and low cost.
◦ .It is method which involves
group participation.
104. Disadvantage
◦ •It requires expert guidance and
counselling
◦ It is time consuming in
developing group readiness,
should not used when pressure
of time is there. •It
requires expert guidance and
leadership.
◦ Sometimes participants may feel
like threatened
◦ Strongly depends on students
imagination.
◦ •Participants may be too
shy.•It becomes difficult for
teachers to evaluate the
student individually •Its a time
consuming process
◦ .•Its a failure when the group
does not understand
106. Steps of simulation
1) Determine the goals. Setting the goal is the first step to be taken.
2) Perform an appropriate data collection.
3) Build the model.
4) Validate the built model.
5) Perform simulation and collect the results.
6) Analyze the results.
7) Make the final documentation.
107. Advantages of simulation
◦ Advantages
1) It can avoid danger and loss of life.
2) Conditions can be varied and outcomes investigated.
3) Critical situations can be investigated without risk.
4) It is cost effective.
108. Disadvantages Of simulation
1) It can be expensive to measure how one thing affects another, to take
the initial measurements and to create the model itself (such as
aerodynamic wind tunnels).
2) To simulate something, a thorough understanding is needed and an
awareness of all the factors involved. Without this, a simulation
cannot be created.
109.
110. Terms
◦
1-A tutorial is a learning process which involves a college or university
tutor providing tuition to an individual or a very small of students.
◦
Duration:- 1hrs per week
◦
Tutorials are more specific, informal and interactive than and often
practical information about a subject.
2-Seminar is a form of an interactive meeting where a group of people
gets together tor instructor or leader who directs the discussion along the
desired path.
Duration:- 1hrs, 1-3 per week.
111. ◦ 3-Lecture :- is an oral presentation intended (planned) to present
information or teach people about a particular subject
◦ Duration :-1hrs ,3-12per week.
◦ 4-Work shop:- a meeting at which people try to improve their
skills by discussing their experiences and doing practical
exercises.
◦ Duration :-only day or two day long
112. 10- work shop
◦ Definition:-
◦ a meeting at which people try to improve their skills by discussing their
experiences and doing practical exercises.
113. How to prepare a work shop?
◦ 3 way :-
◦ A- planning the work shop
◦ 1-Define the objective of the workshop:-
◦ aim may be to deliver general information or guidance about a specific
topic, such as painting or creative writing. Regardless of the focus, it's
important to define the objective first
114. ◦ 2-Determine the needs of workshop participants.
◦ When teaching a particular skill, for example, understanding the
participants' needs concerning skill level and learning pace will
assist you in delivering appropriate content.
115. ◦ 3-Create an outline for your workshop presentation:-
◦ Create an introduction. Decide how you will introduce yourself, the topic
and the participant members.
◦ List the skills and/or topics you will cover.
◦ Decide on the order of the topics. Move the most important skills or
information to the early part of the workshop. Depending on the subject
of the workshop, beginning with the simplest or most straight forward
topic and concluding with the more difficult or complex topic.
116. CONT…
◦ Determine ground rules for the workshop. Rules or guidelines such as
only one person speaks at a time or raising a hand to speaK.
◦ feedback form participant.
117. ◦ 4-Assign an estimated length of time to each item on the
outline.
◦ For particularly complicated topics or skills, allot a sufficient
amount of time in case participants get stuck or have
questions.
◦ 5- Practice giving your workshop presentation once you
complete your outline.
◦ Present your information to colleagues, friends or relatives
ahead of time, and ask them to give you feedback on the
clarity and effectiveness of your presentation.
118. (way 2)B- Creating Supporting Materials.
◦ 1-Prepare handouts for participants.
◦ Convert your presentation outline into an agenda for participants
and/or prepare hard copy handouts of important information or graphs.
◦ 2- Use visual tools.
◦ Presentation tools, movies, pictures, and other elements may be useful
in conveying particular concepts or skills.
119. ◦ 3-Use web-based tools, if applicable.
◦ Open-source learning programs like Blackboard, which are free to
use, can help to facilitate online discussions and postings outside
of the workshop setting.
120. C- Encouraging workshop participation
◦ 1-Set up the room or space to encourage discussion.
◦ Arrange the chairs in a horseshoe shape or a semi-circle to facilitate
conversation and post the ground rules on a board or wall where all
participants can see them.
◦ 2-Incorporate interactive activities into your workshop.
◦ Activities or games can increase engagement and participation.
Activities may occur in small or large groups
◦
121. ◦ 3-Include a question-and-answer portion.
◦ Depending on the ground rules of the workshop, invite
participants to ask questions either throughout the workshop
or in scheduled time slots.
122.
123. Advantage of workshop
1) Develops knowledge along with the psychomotor skills.
2) Retention of the knowledge and skills by the learners are better than
the other methods.
3) Facilitates learning by doing .
4) Suits disciplines that are practice oriented .
124. Disadvantages of workshop.
1) Generally follow up are not organized in workshop technique
2) It requires a lot of time for participant and staff.
3) A large number of staff members are needed to handle participation.
4) It demands special facilities or material.
5) The workshop cannot be organized for large group so large number
of persons cannot be not trained
125.
126. 11-coaching
Definition :
is providing guidance ,feedback ,and direction to ensure
successful performance .
Coaching is supporting someone efforts to achieve personal and
professional goals .
127. Advantage and disadvantage
◦ Advantage of internal coach
◦ No direct cost .
◦ Opportunity to know coach better
.
◦ Already interact with coach
◦ Know culture & process of
organization.
◦ Build and demonstrate trust &
respect
◦ Disadvantage of internal coach
◦ lack of individual attention.
◦ Time constraint.
128.
129. 12-Group discussion
◦ Group Discussion is a combination of two words ‘Group ’and
‘Discussion.
◦ A group means many people are working together to achieve some
targets .
◦ Discussion means exchanging ideas between two or more than two
people, which is generally a face-to-face interaction. It is a process of
talking between people to reach a specific decision.
◦ Number of participant:-5-8 participant
◦ Duration 15minute
131. Process of group discussion
1) The process of a Group Discussion starts with the announcement of
the topic. The given topic could be technical, factual, or case study.
2) Before beginning with the discussion, the preparation time of 3
minutes is given.
3) Any participant in the group can initiate the discussion. After the lead
participant, anyone in the group can continue the discussion.
Similarly, everyone gets the chance to speak. One after another,
participants in the group expresses their views on the given topic.
132. ◦ 4)It ends when the panelist stops the discussion or may ask one or
more than one participant to summarize the GD .Remember to cover
the discussed points .
◦ 5)The final scores are calculated. Based on the performance of each
participant, the panelist gives the scores. The panelists are usually
four to five to judge the performance of candidates in the Group
Discussion.
133. Type of group discussion
There are two types of Group Discussion, which are listed below:
o 1) Topic-Based Group Discussion
o 2) Case Study Based Group Discussion
134. A)Topic based group discussion
◦ The topic-based Group Discussion can be further classified as:
1) Controversial Topics
2) Knowledge-Based topics
3) Abstract Topics
4) Conceptual topic
135. 1. Controversial Topics
◦ The discussion on controversial topics becomes a debate. Such
topics are given to judge the participants' temper and how they
can handle the discussion without losing their calm.
◦ The example of the controversial topics can be Reservation
System, Religion equality, etc.
136. 2-Knowledge-Based topics
◦ The participants should have a proper understanding of the
topic before proceeding for a discussion.
◦ The information should be enough to convince the panelists.
◦ The essential thing is to be confident.
◦ Do not initiate the discussion if you are not aware of the topic.
◦ The examples of Knowledge-Based topics can be
'Government jobs vs. Private jobs'.
137. ◦ 3-Abstract Topics
◦ The abstract topics test the creativity and thinking of a
candidate. It also tests the communication skills.
◦ The example of Abstracts topics can be 'A walk to remember'.
138. ◦ 4-Conceptual topics
◦ The conceptual topics are widely used today by organization. It
tests the knowledge, logical, and aptitude skills of a candidate.
The topic for the discussion is randomly selected, giving
panelists a space to judge the participants' creative thinking and
ability to handle the situation.
139. ◦ B)Case Study Based Group Discussion
◦ The Case study based Group Discussion is generally
followed by the MBA Institutes. In such a discussion, a
problem is given, and the participants are asked to resolve
them. The preparation time is also higher as compared to
other discussions. The panelists test the teamwork and
decision-making skills of the participants.
◦ The participants need to active and updated with the things
around them. It also tests the observation capability of the
participants.
◦ The example of Case study based topics can be 'Discussion
between boss and manager'.
140.
141.
142. 13-On line discussion
◦ Definitions
◦ Online discussions are a collaborative tool to facilitate communication
and knowledge construction (Johnson, 2007).
143. How to write discussion posts in 7 easy steps.
1) How to write discussion posts in 7 easy steps:
2) Understand the purpose of the discussion posting
3) Prepare yourself
4) Read the posting directions carefully
5) Think about your point
6) Gather supporting facts
7) Write your response
8) Post on time
146. 14-Project Based Learning
◦ A Definition
◦ Project-based learning is a student-centered pedagogy used in the
classrooms in which students acquire in-depth knowledge and skills by
solving real-world challenges.
148. 1-Identification of a Problem or an Opportunity
.Teachers or students identify a problem or an opportunity from their
surroundings that requires meticulous work and demands a resolution.
This problem can be related to the curriculum and may be affecting the
school, community, city or a country
149. 2-Project Planning
◦ The next step is to design a learning plan for the project which means
that the teachers assess how the problem or opportunity connects with
the standards he/she is intending to teach.
150. ◦ 3-Schedule
◦ This is the third step of the PBL which involves setting a timeline and
schedule for the project activities
◦ 4-Monitor the Progress
◦ In PBL, a teacher is engaged in the process right from the beginning to the
end
◦ 5-Assessment
◦ This is the fifth step of the PBL, and it involves assessing the learning
outcomes and participation of students. Teachers can use a rubric to
record students’ progress and their learning outcomes.
151. ◦ 6-Evaluate the Experience
◦ This is the last step in PBL which involves reflecting what
worked and what didn’t during the whole process. Reflection
helps teachers to improve their instructional strategies in the
future. T
152. Advantages and disadvantages of PBL
Advantage
◦ Development of long term knowledge
retention.
◦ Development of transferable skills.
◦ Improvement of teamwork and
interpersonal skills.
◦ Continuous engagement.
disadvantage
◦ Time consuming assessment.
◦ Teacher unpreparedness.
◦ Student unpreparedness.
◦ Varying degrees of relevancy and
applicability.
153. 15- Distance education
◦ Definition:-
◦ Education that takes place when instructor and student are separated
by space and or time .
◦ Gap between the two can be bridged through the technologies.
154. Type of distance learning.
◦ These types of distance learning include:
1. Video conferencing
2. Hybrid distance education
3. Open schedule online courses
4. Fixed-time online courses
155. 1-Video conferencing
◦ Video conferencing is traditionally a meeting where two or more
participants use video to connect over the internet.
◦ Using tools like Zoom, Blackboard Collaborate, or other conferencing
software, teachers and students interact together no matter where they
are located.
◦ Video conferencing enhances student-instructor interactions and
provides a structure for lesson planning. It remains a vital component of
distance learning.
156. 2-Hybrid distance education
◦ Students receive deadlines to complete assignments and exams.
Then, they work at their own pace.
◦ They submit assignments through online forums.
◦ They maintain contact with their instructor. Yet, they work at their own
pace. As students progress, they gain access to new modules.
157. 3-Open schedule online courses
◦ Such courses provide students with plenty of freedom. To complete
coursework, students receive:
◦ Online textbook(s)
◦ Email
◦ And more
◦ Students are given a set of deadlines. Then, the instructor sets them free to
work at their own pace. Students who value learning independently excel with
this format. It requires significant self-discipline and motivation, though.
◦ Students who lack the right skill set may find this approach daunting. They
may feel overwhelmed by the presentation of material.
158. 4-Fixed-time online courses
◦ What’s the most common format for distance learning? Fixed-time
online courses.
◦ How do they work? Students log-in to the learning site at designated
times. They must complete pre-scheduled classroom activities at a
specific pace.
◦ These activities often include chats and discussion forums. Fixed time
online courses encourage student interaction. But there’s little room for
self-pacing.
160. 16-Participatory learning
◦ What is “Participatory Learning ”
?
◦ It’s a method which focuses on learning through participation in
moderated discussions. It simply replaces the classic ‘teacher
construct ’by a ‘moderator ’
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.
161. Advantage of Participatory learning
◦ They use inexpensive resources.
◦ They can be used in any physical setting.
◦ They help people to build self-confidence.
◦ They help people to learn about themselves.
◦ They help people to understand the perspectives of others.
162. Advantage of Participatory learning
◦ Participants with different degrees of experience and literacy can use
them.
◦ They can help people to analyse complex situations.
◦ They are memorable.
163. Dis advantage of Participatory learning
◦ They are difficult to plan, because planning often depends on what the participants want to
do.
◦ Involving stakeholders takes time.
◦ It can take time for people who are used to being "students" rather than "participants" to feel
comfortable with these approaches.
◦ Facilitator techniques can be difficult to master and use effectively.
◦ They can be difficult to document in a report format but can be documented well using
photographs or by keeping flipchart.
164. 17-Concept mapping
◦ concept map is a visual representation of a topic that students can
create using words, phrases, lines, arrows, space on the page, and
perhaps color to help organize their ideas and show their understanding
of an idea, vocabulary term, or essential question
165.
166. Steps in Developing a Concept Map
◦ The process of concept mapping involves three major steps:
◦ Step 1: List key concepts/terms related to the topic
◦ Step 2: Build up concepts to elaborate key concepts
◦ Step 3: Identify links between concepts
167. Advantage and disadvantage of concept
mapping
Advantage
◦ Facilitate the understanding of EBP
concept.
◦ Grasps audience attention.
◦ Acquires presentation and communication
skills.
◦ Acquires skills of teamwork and problem
solving.
disadvantage
◦ Require computer skills.
◦ Consumes efforts and time.
172. 19-Micro teaching
◦ Micro teaching is a procedure in which a student teacher practices
teaching with a reduced number of pupils in a reduced period of time
with emphasis on a specific core teaching skill.
174. Steps of micro teaching plan
◦ 1- Plan :-
◦ This involves selection of a topic and related content.
◦ The topic is analyzed into different activities of the teacher and the
students.
175. ◦ 2- teach:-
◦ This involves the attempts of the teacher trainee to use the
components of the skill in suitable situations in the process of
teaching – learning as per the role or the planning activities.
◦ 3- feedback:-
◦ Refer to the giving information to the teacher trainee about his
performance .
176. ◦ 4- Re plan:-
◦ The teacher trainee replans his lesson incorporating the points of
strength and removing the points not skillfully handled during
teaching in the previous attempt either on the same topic or on
another topic suiting the teacher trainee for improvement.
177. ◦ 5- RE-Teach:-
◦ This involves the teaching the same group of student if the topic is
changed or a different group of students if the topic is same.
◦ 6- RE-feedback:-
◦ This is the most important component of micro teaching for
behavior modification of the teacher trainee in the desired direction
in each and every skill practice.
178. Advantage and disadvantage of
microteaching.
Advantage
◦ It enables understanding of behaviors
important in classroom teaching.
◦ It increase the confidence of the learner
teacher.
◦ It is vehicle of continuous training for both
beginners and for senior teachers.
Disadvantage
◦ It involves increased time and effort.
◦ It cannot individualize the learning of the
teacher
◦ The various teaching skills cannot be
discriminated.
