The document discusses factors that need to be considered in planning new and emerging cities in India to promote health and well-being. It notes that health should be viewed holistically and cities should be planned with an ecological model in mind. Emerging cities need policies that embed health in all sectors, promote healthy urban planning and governance, and improve access to healthcare, living conditions, and basic services to achieve healthy urban populations. Transportation, buildings, land use, and nutrition are highlighted as key areas for health-promoting interventions.
1. Why new or emerging cities need to be different in India? UNHABITAT, State of the World Cities, 2008-09 Amit Samarth
2. Our collective purpose as a society To be economically progressive To be socially cohesive To promote health and well-being To enable individuals to achieve their intellectual and physical potential To ensure that citizens today and tomorrow will be able to enjoy the basic amenities of life in a sustainable and eco-friendly way
3. Ecological model of Human Health Human health should be seen in a physical, social, behavioural, and ecological context. Health promotion activities should involve other sectors making a contribution to health, such as education, food, nutrition, and environment. Source: Barton and Grant, 2006
4. What have our cities achieved? Drivers of economic growth Hubs of world class education, commerce and specialized health care services 400 million are already living in Urban India 590 million will be living in urban India by 2030 68 million plus cities by 2030 13 cities with more than 4 million people 6 Megacities with more than 10 million people Source: India’s Urban Awakening. Building Inclusive cities , Sustaining Economic Growth
5. Cities in India are of great contrast 80 million or more urban poor live in cities of India Informal sector one of the key drivers of cities economic growth Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal have highest slum population Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata have highest slum population Growing inequalities and growing exclusion Poor living conditions Poor health outcomes Source: India Urban Poverty Report 2009
6. Poor health indicators of the urban poor Urban areas in India have better specialized healthcare services but facilities for promotive and primary care are non-existant High infant and maternal mortality High water-borne diseases High vector borne disease like malaria and dengue Higher incidence of chronic diseases like hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease Poor occupational health Higher mental illnesses Road traffic injuries In Andhra Pradesh, there are 7500 slum localities but there are only 250 Urban Healthcare Centres Source: Living conditions in 8 cities of India. NFHS-III Survey 2005-06
7. Urban environment affects each one of us Only 2 per cent cities have low air pollution on the basis of PM10 In 80 per cent of cities at least one criteria pollutant exceeded the annual average ambient air quality standards Exponential growth in private vehicles in last few years -17 million vehicles in last 7 yrs Personal vehicles – cars and two-wheelers -- use up more than 75 per cent of the road space, but meet only 20 per cent of the city’s commuting demand Are we creating more space for cars rather than for our own self? Source: State of Air Pollution in Indian Cities 2007, Centre for Science and Environment
8. Promoting and protecting health has become a challenge Lack of good footpaths Absence of dedicated cycling tracks Lack of green spaces Lack of sports facilities Lack of social space Changing food systems and nutritional transition Food inflation
9. Threats to cities due to climate change Urban flooding due to heavy rainfall Flooding provides opportunities for breeding of disease carrying insects such as mosquito Lack of adequate water can compromise hygiene and thus increasing rates of diarrhoealdisease Decreased crop yields can stress food supplies
10. What we need to do in emerging cities of India?To promote and protect health….!
11. Embedding health in all policies Good urban governance & healthy urban planning Healthy Urban Population Improve health and social equity Improve availability and access to healthcare services Improve living and working condition
12. Make Healthy Choice – The Easy Choice 12 Community Basic services Information & Education Housing Good water quality Healthcare services Sanitation Education and employment Government services Social & Cultural activities Waste management Good air quality Health and Social equity leading to Healthy Urban Population Healthy Environment Green Spaces Cheap Lightings Cheap and nutritious Cheap transport Roads Access to food Clean Infrastructure Nutrition Energy
21. Improved social capital Source: Margalit Younger, Heather R. Morrow-Almeida, Stephen M. Vindigni, Andrew L. Dannenberg. The Built Environment, Climate Change, and Health Opportunities for Co-Benefits
31. Decreased heat island effectsSource: Margalit Younger, Heather R. Morrow-Almeida, Stephen M. Vindigni, Andrew L. Dannenberg. The Built Environment, Climate Change, and Health Opportunities for Co-Benefits
39. Reduce carbon emissions Source: Margalit Younger, Heather R. Morrow-Almeida, Stephen M. Vindigni, Andrew L. Dannenberg. The Built Environment, Climate Change, and Health Opportunities for Co-Benefits
