SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 42
Presented By
Amit Kumar
MCA(LE)2014-16
Enrolll_no:Al9910999038
Internal Guided By:
Dr. Anurag Seetha
Head of department of computer application
Project title
Introduction
 M-Attendance Application is an online attendance simulator is to take online
attendance.
 Mobile attendance system is an application for daily student attendance in class.
 Mobile attendance has been one of the most important way of record to presence
of student in colleges.
 It is the based on the android platform.
 It saved a lot of time but also give a fast and accurate result.
 Attendance entry using android phone.
 Simplified attendance with respect to traditional method.
 Enhanced attendance evaluation.
 Time saving.
 Admin is authorized to provide login detail and also assign role.
 Our project aims in implementing software that will help lecturers to take the
attendance of student using mobile/smartphone.
 After the attendance record will be send to the server.
Our system primarily focuses on building an efficient and user friendly Android mobile
application for an Attendance Monitoring. The application will be installed on the
professor’s phone as well as student’s phone which runs android OS. It intends to
provide an interface to the professor who will require minimal details to input for
marking of attendance of a particular class of students. Apart from that, the application
would support strong user authentication and quick transmission of data. Another
noticeable feature of the
Entire application is to give options to the user such as feedback provision, attendance
retrieval in a very convenient way, messaging between user and professor and
campus notifications like low attendance reminder, lecture amendments to name a few.
 The application thus build would also help to avoid the chance of a proxy as the
system has biometric scanning which will serve the purpose of authentication.
 Current attendance system uses teacher to get the student information through
student matrix card.
 After getting the student information, it will send it to the computer in that class
or lab. After that, the individual in charge (professor, teacher, and student) must
connect to the PC using Bluetooth to make his/her see the student attendant in
that class .
 A research on Near Field Communication systems for attendance marking has
been carried out, but there were certain limitations in it. There are some
shortcomings in this system.
 The attendance marking process is time consuming and tedious. To avoid proxy of
student, manual head count also needs to be performed.
 To overcome the above shortcomings, the idea of combining powerful features of
android OS and biometrics would be very helpful.
Software Requirements for Developing
 IDE
• Android studio 2.0
 Back-End
• MySQL 5.0
 WEB Server
• Wamp server 2.0
 Language environment
• Android
• Java
 Scripting
• Php
 Development Tool
• Adobe Dreamweaver cs6
Hardware Requirements
 Processor : Dual core+
 RAM : 1GB +
 Hard Disk : 40 GB+
 Android device : Virtual AVD or physical phone
 Mouse : Optical
 Monitor : SVGA
Why mobile attendance
 Mobile attendance makes easy to take attendance.
 This project will highly reduced the paper work for teacher & student’s
records, manage attendance record etc.
 It provides online Attendance system.
 Take student attendance in any time and any where.
 It provides a great platform to report the attendance.
 By the help of this application a teacher doesn’t need to carry their
attendance sheet in class room.
Role and Sub-Modules
Modules / Role
Application
mobile
Application
Admin
Teacher
Student
Database
Admin
 Admin is also a user, but admin have all permission and authority.
 Admin can manage all accounts with Active and delete features.
 Admin can add or remove teacher.
 Admin update user’s database.
 Delete a user from database.
 Also add a new user’s to database.
 Reset password.
Teacher
 Teacher can login and manage their own account like Name, e, Phone etc.
 Teacher can select the department ,course,subject,semester and then take
attendance.
 Teacher can manage Attendance report.
 Teacher can check student attendance.
 Export attendance.
 Check attendance.
 Take attendance.
Student
 Student can login and see their own attendance etc.
 Student can write comment to presence or Absent related matter.
 Check attendance schedule.
 Security and Settings.
 Attendance analysis.
0 level DFD
Application
Android
Application
User
Database
1 Level DFD of Admin
Create user id or
password
Insert,del,update
department
Insert,del,update
semester
Insert,update,del
subject
Insert,update,del
Teacher
Insert,update,del
student
Insert,update,del
course
Store
Database
In MySQL
Admin
1 Level DFD of Teacher
Select
department
choose Course
Select Subject
Select
Semester
Take date,
time
Then take
attendance
Upload
attendance
View
attendance
Database
Teacher
1 Level DFD of Student
Login with email
&pwd
View attendance
Database
Student
Design Activity
 Splash screen
Design Activity
 Login Activity
Design Activity/Admin Multitab
 Department list Activity
Design Activity/Admin Multitab
 Department Add Activity
Design Activity/Admin Multitab
 Course list Activity
Design Activity/Admin Multitab
 Course Add Activity
Design Activity/Admin Multitab
 Semester list Activity
Design Activity/Admin Multitab
 Semester Add Activity
Design Activity/Admin Multitab
 Subject list Activity
Design Activity/Admin Multitab
 Subject Add Activity
Design Activity/Admin Multitab
 Teacher list Activity
Design Activity/Admin Multitab
 Teacher Add Activity
Design Activity/Admin Multitab
 Student list Activity
Design Activity/Admin Multitab
 Student add Activity
Design Activity/Teacher Activity
 Teacher Login Activity
Design Activity/Teacher Activity
 Attendance Activity
Design Activity/Teacher Activity
 Take Attendance Activity
Design Activity
amit final ppt

More Related Content

What's hot

Report on student-faculty document sharing android project
Report on student-faculty document sharing android projectReport on student-faculty document sharing android project
Report on student-faculty document sharing android projectAlamgir Hossain
 
Online course portal for campus with query system
Online course portal for campus with query systemOnline course portal for campus with query system
Online course portal for campus with query systemganeshpaul6
 
Placement Automation System
Placement Automation SystemPlacement Automation System
Placement Automation SystemTushar Dattu
 
Synopsis of online Attendance System
Synopsis of online Attendance SystemSynopsis of online Attendance System
Synopsis of online Attendance SystemShyam Sundar Pandey
 
Project report college information management system on Advanced Java
Project report college information management system on Advanced JavaProject report college information management system on Advanced Java
Project report college information management system on Advanced JavaRishabh Kumar ☁️
 
Parent communication register android application
Parent communication register android applicationParent communication register android application
Parent communication register android applicationBhadra Gowdra
 
Student result mamagement
Student result mamagementStudent result mamagement
Student result mamagementMickey
 
College management-system
College management-systemCollege management-system
College management-systemkarthik10435
 
Face Recognition Attendance System
Face Recognition Attendance System Face Recognition Attendance System
Face Recognition Attendance System Shreya Dandavate
 
Android attendance system
Android attendance systemAndroid attendance system
Android attendance systemmohanaprasad_v
 
Virtual school application
Virtual school applicationVirtual school application
Virtual school applicationSoham Navadiya
 
Student faculty document sharing | SFDS | Ajay Balava
Student faculty document sharing | SFDS | Ajay BalavaStudent faculty document sharing | SFDS | Ajay Balava
Student faculty document sharing | SFDS | Ajay BalavaAjay Balava
 
Synopsis for student interaction portal
Synopsis for student interaction portalSynopsis for student interaction portal
Synopsis for student interaction portalmukesh Chettri
 
Content management system
Content management systemContent management system
Content management systemnamanbiltiwala
 
Admission system development
Admission system developmentAdmission system development
Admission system developmentJahurul Islam
 
Implementation of College Management Module in Moodle
Implementation of College Management Module in MoodleImplementation of College Management Module in Moodle
Implementation of College Management Module in MoodleSushil Karampuri
 

What's hot (20)

Report on student-faculty document sharing android project
Report on student-faculty document sharing android projectReport on student-faculty document sharing android project
Report on student-faculty document sharing android project
 
Attendance_App
Attendance_AppAttendance_App
Attendance_App
 
student portal
student portal student portal
student portal
 
Online attendance management system
Online attendance management systemOnline attendance management system
Online attendance management system
 
Project Report
 Project Report Project Report
Project Report
 
Online course portal for campus with query system
Online course portal for campus with query systemOnline course portal for campus with query system
Online course portal for campus with query system
 
Placement Automation System
Placement Automation SystemPlacement Automation System
Placement Automation System
 
Synopsis of online Attendance System
Synopsis of online Attendance SystemSynopsis of online Attendance System
Synopsis of online Attendance System
 
Project report college information management system on Advanced Java
Project report college information management system on Advanced JavaProject report college information management system on Advanced Java
Project report college information management system on Advanced Java
 
Parent communication register android application
Parent communication register android applicationParent communication register android application
Parent communication register android application
 
Student result mamagement
Student result mamagementStudent result mamagement
Student result mamagement
 
College management-system
College management-systemCollege management-system
College management-system
 
Face Recognition Attendance System
Face Recognition Attendance System Face Recognition Attendance System
Face Recognition Attendance System
 
Android attendance system
Android attendance systemAndroid attendance system
Android attendance system
 
Virtual school application
Virtual school applicationVirtual school application
Virtual school application
 
Student faculty document sharing | SFDS | Ajay Balava
Student faculty document sharing | SFDS | Ajay BalavaStudent faculty document sharing | SFDS | Ajay Balava
Student faculty document sharing | SFDS | Ajay Balava
 
Synopsis for student interaction portal
Synopsis for student interaction portalSynopsis for student interaction portal
Synopsis for student interaction portal
 
Content management system
Content management systemContent management system
Content management system
 
Admission system development
Admission system developmentAdmission system development
Admission system development
 
Implementation of College Management Module in Moodle
Implementation of College Management Module in MoodleImplementation of College Management Module in Moodle
Implementation of College Management Module in Moodle
 

Viewers also liked

Music Video Director Case Study
Music Video Director Case StudyMusic Video Director Case Study
Music Video Director Case StudyBobby Salt
 
предварительный альбом олега кондратьева
предварительный альбом олега кондратьевапредварительный альбом олега кондратьева
предварительный альбом олега кондратьевадиалект дизайна
 
Teatro de terapia de alcohol y drogas
Teatro de terapia de alcohol y drogasTeatro de terapia de alcohol y drogas
Teatro de terapia de alcohol y drogasgressly22
 
E-UpDates-November11—Global and Indian Economic Indicators
E-UpDates-November11—Global and Indian Economic IndicatorsE-UpDates-November11—Global and Indian Economic Indicators
E-UpDates-November11—Global and Indian Economic IndicatorsEcofin Surge
 
Manejo de seguridad de internet
Manejo de seguridad de internetManejo de seguridad de internet
Manejo de seguridad de internetjames correa
 
Old Habits Die Hard
Old Habits Die HardOld Habits Die Hard
Old Habits Die HardTobias Enné
 
La finta en el baloncesto infografia
La finta en el baloncesto infografiaLa finta en el baloncesto infografia
La finta en el baloncesto infografiacale66
 
POSICIONES DEFENSIVAS BASICAS
POSICIONES DEFENSIVAS BASICASPOSICIONES DEFENSIVAS BASICAS
POSICIONES DEFENSIVAS BASICASGriceldps
 
O desenvolvimento humano
O desenvolvimento humanoO desenvolvimento humano
O desenvolvimento humanoJaime Soares
 
Mobile Application Development With Android
Mobile Application Development With AndroidMobile Application Development With Android
Mobile Application Development With Androidguest213e237
 
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)fentrekin
 
Student Management System Project Abstract
Student Management System Project AbstractStudent Management System Project Abstract
Student Management System Project AbstractUdhayyagethan Mano
 
Android app ppt
Android app pptAndroid app ppt
Android app pptADI ADARSH
 

Viewers also liked (20)

Music Video Director Case Study
Music Video Director Case StudyMusic Video Director Case Study
Music Video Director Case Study
 
Apple 301
Apple 301Apple 301
Apple 301
 
Lighting task
Lighting taskLighting task
Lighting task
 
предварительный альбом олега кондратьева
предварительный альбом олега кондратьевапредварительный альбом олега кондратьева
предварительный альбом олега кондратьева
 
Teatro de terapia de alcohol y drogas
Teatro de terapia de alcohol y drogasTeatro de terapia de alcohol y drogas
Teatro de terapia de alcohol y drogas
 
Computacion zunilda
Computacion zunildaComputacion zunilda
Computacion zunilda
 
Screenplay
ScreenplayScreenplay
Screenplay
 
E-UpDates-November11—Global and Indian Economic Indicators
E-UpDates-November11—Global and Indian Economic IndicatorsE-UpDates-November11—Global and Indian Economic Indicators
E-UpDates-November11—Global and Indian Economic Indicators
 
Manejo de seguridad de internet
Manejo de seguridad de internetManejo de seguridad de internet
Manejo de seguridad de internet
 
Old Habits Die Hard
Old Habits Die HardOld Habits Die Hard
Old Habits Die Hard
 
La finta en el baloncesto infografia
La finta en el baloncesto infografiaLa finta en el baloncesto infografia
La finta en el baloncesto infografia
 
POSICIONES DEFENSIVAS BASICAS
POSICIONES DEFENSIVAS BASICASPOSICIONES DEFENSIVAS BASICAS
POSICIONES DEFENSIVAS BASICAS
 
ritesh cv
ritesh cvritesh cv
ritesh cv
 
O desenvolvimento humano
O desenvolvimento humanoO desenvolvimento humano
O desenvolvimento humano
 
Android Workshop PPT
Android Workshop PPTAndroid Workshop PPT
Android Workshop PPT
 
Mobile Application Development With Android
Mobile Application Development With AndroidMobile Application Development With Android
Mobile Application Development With Android
 
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
 
Android ppt
Android pptAndroid ppt
Android ppt
 
Student Management System Project Abstract
Student Management System Project AbstractStudent Management System Project Abstract
Student Management System Project Abstract
 
Android app ppt
Android app pptAndroid app ppt
Android app ppt
 

Similar to amit final ppt

project documentation.docx
project documentation.docxproject documentation.docx
project documentation.docxpoojamogaveer
 
Andro Attendance – Marking Attendance with Android Application
Andro Attendance – Marking Attendance with Android ApplicationAndro Attendance – Marking Attendance with Android Application
Andro Attendance – Marking Attendance with Android ApplicationIJARIIT
 
College Management for business purpose and review
College Management for business purpose and reviewCollege Management for business purpose and review
College Management for business purpose and reviewAJAYKUMAR836335
 
METandance: A Smart Classroom Management And Analysis
METandance: A Smart Classroom Management And AnalysisMETandance: A Smart Classroom Management And Analysis
METandance: A Smart Classroom Management And AnalysisIRJET Journal
 
College Information System using Android
College Information System using AndroidCollege Information System using Android
College Information System using Androidijtsrd
 
IRJET- E-Academic Wallet for Students Application
IRJET- E-Academic Wallet for Students ApplicationIRJET- E-Academic Wallet for Students Application
IRJET- E-Academic Wallet for Students ApplicationIRJET Journal
 
Final project report
Final project reportFinal project report
Final project reportMahul Sompura
 
DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR A PARTICULAR DEPARTMENT IN THE COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR A PARTICULAR DEPARTMENT IN THE COLLEGEDEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR A PARTICULAR DEPARTMENT IN THE COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR A PARTICULAR DEPARTMENT IN THE COLLEGEIRJET Journal
 
College mgmnt system
College mgmnt systemCollege mgmnt system
College mgmnt systemSayali Birari
 
College Result presentation report pdf and
College Result presentation report pdf andCollege Result presentation report pdf and
College Result presentation report pdf andbhagyavantrajapur88
 
online learning and examination website
online learning and examination websiteonline learning and examination website
online learning and examination websiteAnuj Kumar
 
ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF INTERDEPENDENT DIMENSION ON TARGET ATTRIBUTE
ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF INTERDEPENDENT DIMENSION ON TARGET ATTRIBUTEANALYZING THE IMPACT OF INTERDEPENDENT DIMENSION ON TARGET ATTRIBUTE
ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF INTERDEPENDENT DIMENSION ON TARGET ATTRIBUTEJournal For Research
 
mainppt-210725060740.pdf
mainppt-210725060740.pdfmainppt-210725060740.pdf
mainppt-210725060740.pdfSTYLISHGAMER1
 
Attendance Management System using Face Recognition
Attendance Management System using Face RecognitionAttendance Management System using Face Recognition
Attendance Management System using Face RecognitionNanditaDutta4
 
Quiz Buzz.pptx
Quiz Buzz.pptxQuiz Buzz.pptx
Quiz Buzz.pptxTechCK
 

Similar to amit final ppt (20)

project documentation.docx
project documentation.docxproject documentation.docx
project documentation.docx
 
Smartpoly Android Application
Smartpoly Android ApplicationSmartpoly Android Application
Smartpoly Android Application
 
Andro Attendance – Marking Attendance with Android Application
Andro Attendance – Marking Attendance with Android ApplicationAndro Attendance – Marking Attendance with Android Application
Andro Attendance – Marking Attendance with Android Application
 
PORT FOLIO
PORT FOLIOPORT FOLIO
PORT FOLIO
 
Student acadamic system Final report
Student acadamic system Final reportStudent acadamic system Final report
Student acadamic system Final report
 
College Management for business purpose and review
College Management for business purpose and reviewCollege Management for business purpose and review
College Management for business purpose and review
 
METandance: A Smart Classroom Management And Analysis
METandance: A Smart Classroom Management And AnalysisMETandance: A Smart Classroom Management And Analysis
METandance: A Smart Classroom Management And Analysis
 
College Information System using Android
College Information System using AndroidCollege Information System using Android
College Information System using Android
 
IPL-16 project
IPL-16 projectIPL-16 project
IPL-16 project
 
IRJET- E-Academic Wallet for Students Application
IRJET- E-Academic Wallet for Students ApplicationIRJET- E-Academic Wallet for Students Application
IRJET- E-Academic Wallet for Students Application
 
Final project report
Final project reportFinal project report
Final project report
 
DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR A PARTICULAR DEPARTMENT IN THE COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR A PARTICULAR DEPARTMENT IN THE COLLEGEDEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR A PARTICULAR DEPARTMENT IN THE COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR A PARTICULAR DEPARTMENT IN THE COLLEGE
 
College mgmnt system
College mgmnt systemCollege mgmnt system
College mgmnt system
 
College Result presentation report pdf and
College Result presentation report pdf andCollege Result presentation report pdf and
College Result presentation report pdf and
 
online learning and examination website
online learning and examination websiteonline learning and examination website
online learning and examination website
 
ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF INTERDEPENDENT DIMENSION ON TARGET ATTRIBUTE
ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF INTERDEPENDENT DIMENSION ON TARGET ATTRIBUTEANALYZING THE IMPACT OF INTERDEPENDENT DIMENSION ON TARGET ATTRIBUTE
ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF INTERDEPENDENT DIMENSION ON TARGET ATTRIBUTE
 
mainppt-210725060740.pdf
mainppt-210725060740.pdfmainppt-210725060740.pdf
mainppt-210725060740.pdf
 
mainppt-210725060740.pdf
mainppt-210725060740.pdfmainppt-210725060740.pdf
mainppt-210725060740.pdf
 
Attendance Management System using Face Recognition
Attendance Management System using Face RecognitionAttendance Management System using Face Recognition
Attendance Management System using Face Recognition
 
Quiz Buzz.pptx
Quiz Buzz.pptxQuiz Buzz.pptx
Quiz Buzz.pptx
 

amit final ppt

  • 1.
  • 2. Presented By Amit Kumar MCA(LE)2014-16 Enrolll_no:Al9910999038 Internal Guided By: Dr. Anurag Seetha Head of department of computer application Project title
  • 3. Introduction  M-Attendance Application is an online attendance simulator is to take online attendance.  Mobile attendance system is an application for daily student attendance in class.  Mobile attendance has been one of the most important way of record to presence of student in colleges.  It is the based on the android platform.  It saved a lot of time but also give a fast and accurate result.  Attendance entry using android phone.
  • 4.  Simplified attendance with respect to traditional method.  Enhanced attendance evaluation.  Time saving.  Admin is authorized to provide login detail and also assign role.  Our project aims in implementing software that will help lecturers to take the attendance of student using mobile/smartphone.  After the attendance record will be send to the server.
  • 5. Our system primarily focuses on building an efficient and user friendly Android mobile application for an Attendance Monitoring. The application will be installed on the professor’s phone as well as student’s phone which runs android OS. It intends to provide an interface to the professor who will require minimal details to input for marking of attendance of a particular class of students. Apart from that, the application would support strong user authentication and quick transmission of data. Another noticeable feature of the Entire application is to give options to the user such as feedback provision, attendance retrieval in a very convenient way, messaging between user and professor and campus notifications like low attendance reminder, lecture amendments to name a few.  The application thus build would also help to avoid the chance of a proxy as the system has biometric scanning which will serve the purpose of authentication.
  • 6.  Current attendance system uses teacher to get the student information through student matrix card.  After getting the student information, it will send it to the computer in that class or lab. After that, the individual in charge (professor, teacher, and student) must connect to the PC using Bluetooth to make his/her see the student attendant in that class .  A research on Near Field Communication systems for attendance marking has been carried out, but there were certain limitations in it. There are some shortcomings in this system.  The attendance marking process is time consuming and tedious. To avoid proxy of student, manual head count also needs to be performed.  To overcome the above shortcomings, the idea of combining powerful features of android OS and biometrics would be very helpful.
  • 7.
  • 8. Software Requirements for Developing  IDE • Android studio 2.0  Back-End • MySQL 5.0  WEB Server • Wamp server 2.0  Language environment • Android • Java  Scripting • Php  Development Tool • Adobe Dreamweaver cs6
  • 9. Hardware Requirements  Processor : Dual core+  RAM : 1GB +  Hard Disk : 40 GB+  Android device : Virtual AVD or physical phone  Mouse : Optical  Monitor : SVGA
  • 10. Why mobile attendance  Mobile attendance makes easy to take attendance.  This project will highly reduced the paper work for teacher & student’s records, manage attendance record etc.  It provides online Attendance system.  Take student attendance in any time and any where.  It provides a great platform to report the attendance.  By the help of this application a teacher doesn’t need to carry their attendance sheet in class room.
  • 12.
  • 14. Admin  Admin is also a user, but admin have all permission and authority.  Admin can manage all accounts with Active and delete features.  Admin can add or remove teacher.  Admin update user’s database.  Delete a user from database.  Also add a new user’s to database.  Reset password.
  • 15. Teacher  Teacher can login and manage their own account like Name, e, Phone etc.  Teacher can select the department ,course,subject,semester and then take attendance.  Teacher can manage Attendance report.  Teacher can check student attendance.  Export attendance.  Check attendance.  Take attendance.
  • 16. Student  Student can login and see their own attendance etc.  Student can write comment to presence or Absent related matter.  Check attendance schedule.  Security and Settings.  Attendance analysis.
  • 17.
  • 19. 1 Level DFD of Admin Create user id or password Insert,del,update department Insert,del,update semester Insert,update,del subject Insert,update,del Teacher Insert,update,del student Insert,update,del course Store Database In MySQL Admin
  • 20. 1 Level DFD of Teacher Select department choose Course Select Subject Select Semester Take date, time Then take attendance Upload attendance View attendance Database Teacher
  • 21. 1 Level DFD of Student Login with email &pwd View attendance Database Student
  • 22.
  • 25. Design Activity/Admin Multitab  Department list Activity
  • 26. Design Activity/Admin Multitab  Department Add Activity
  • 27. Design Activity/Admin Multitab  Course list Activity
  • 28. Design Activity/Admin Multitab  Course Add Activity
  • 29. Design Activity/Admin Multitab  Semester list Activity
  • 30. Design Activity/Admin Multitab  Semester Add Activity
  • 31. Design Activity/Admin Multitab  Subject list Activity
  • 32. Design Activity/Admin Multitab  Subject Add Activity
  • 33. Design Activity/Admin Multitab  Teacher list Activity
  • 34. Design Activity/Admin Multitab  Teacher Add Activity
  • 35. Design Activity/Admin Multitab  Student list Activity
  • 36. Design Activity/Admin Multitab  Student add Activity
  • 37.
  • 38. Design Activity/Teacher Activity  Teacher Login Activity
  • 40. Design Activity/Teacher Activity  Take Attendance Activity