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project documentation.docx
1. DECLARATION
I here by declaring that this project title “ANDROID ATTENDANCE
SYSTEM” has been completed by us during 2021-22 in the department of
Computer Science, Smt. Rukmini Shedthi Memorial National Government First
Grade College, Barkur and Submitted to Mangalore University in partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the award of VI Semester of BCA course.
We also declare that this project work is the result of our own effort and
has not been submitted to any other University or institution for the award of any
degree.
Date: 26 August 2022
Place: Barkur
You’re obediently,
Pooja
Preethi
Sahana Markal
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
On the successful completion of our project, “ANDROID ATTENDANCE
SYSTEM”, we feel proud to express our gratitude to the people who helped us directly or
indirectly for being the source of help and boosting us throughout our work.
First of all, we would thank the almighty who is with us till the end of project. We
would like to sincerely thank Prof.Shivkumar. Principal of S.R.S.M.N.G.F.G. College,
Barkur for giving all the facilities for completion of our project.
Our special thanks to Mr.Gangadharaiah S, HOD, Department of Computer Science,
S.R.S.M.N.G.F.G. College, Barkur for having permitted us to take this project.
We are graceful to Mr. Raghavendra H.S, Assistant Professor, Department of
Computer Science, S.R.S.M.N.G.F.G. College, Barkur for having permitted us to take this
project giving guidelines.
Finally we are thankful to our beloved classmates for their support & help throughout
out project.
Pooja (192112716)
Preethi (192112718)
Sahana Markal (192112720)
3. Abstract:
Android Attendance System deals with the maintenance of the student’s attendance
details. It generates the attendance of the student on basis of presence in class.It is
maintained on the daily basis of their attendance. The staffs will be provided with the
separate username & password to make the student’s status.The staffs handling the
particular subjects responsible to make the attendance for all students.Only if the student
present on that particular period, the attendance will be calculated. The student attendance
reports based on weekly and consolidate will be generated.
Nowadays Educational institutions are concerned about the regularity of student
attendance. This is mainly due to students’ overall academic performance is affected by his
or her attendance in the institute. Mainly there are two conventional methods of marking
attendance which is calling out the roll call or by taking student sign on paper.
Android Attendance System app will provide two-step verification login to the faculty
and students and easy to manage the record. Android Attendance System app is fully online.
In this admin can add faculty, students, subject etc. features and the faculty can take
attendance and alter attendance etc. and the student can see their Attendance and can edit
there name only.
4. Table of contents
Chapter No. Chapter name Page no.
Certificate
Department
Certificate
Declaration
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Synopsis
1. Introduction 1-2
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Advantage
1.3 Disadvantage
2. The overall description 3-5
2.1 Product prospective
2.2 Product function
2.3 User characteristics
2.4 Constraints
2.5 Assumption and dependencies
3. System specification 6-10
3.1 Software specification
3.2 Hardware specification
3.3 Functional requirements
3.4 Non-Functional requirements
3.4.1 Performance
5. 3.4.2 Reliability
3.4.3 Availability
3.4.4 Security
3.4.5 Maintainabilty
3.4.6 Portability
3.5 Design constraints
4. System analysis 11-13
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Existing system
4.3 Proposed system
4.4 Feasibilty study
4.4.1 Economically feasibility
4.4.2 Technical feasibilty
4.4.3 Operational feasibility
5. Software description 14-19
Android
5.1 What is android?
5.1.1 Android architecture
5.2 MySql
5.2.1 Introduction
5.2.2 Features of MySql
6. System Design 20-22
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Database table
7. Dataflow diagram 23-31
7.1 Dataflow diagram
6. 7.1.1 Different notations used in DFD
7.1.2 Levels of dataflow diagram
7.2 ER diagram
7.2.1 Different symbols of ER diagram
7.3 Input design
7.4 Output design
8. Project description 32-34
8.1 Problem definition
8.2 Project overview
8.3 Module description
8.4 Administrator module
8.5 Faculty module
8.6 Student module
9. System testing 35-36
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Testing methodologies
9.3 Unit testing
9.4 System testing
9.5 Performance testing
10. Snapshot 37-42
11. Conclusion and future scope 43-44
11.1 Conclusion
11.2 Scope for future development
12. Bibilogropy 45-46
8. Title of the project :-
Android Attendance System
Objectives of the project :-
❖ Provides a valuable attendence service for both teachers and students.
❖ Software developed for maintaining the attendence of the student on the daily basis in
the college.
❖ Here the staffs,who are handling the subjects,will be responsible to mark the attendance
ot the students.
❖ Each staff will be given with separate username and password.
❖ Increase privacy and security which student cannot presenting himself or his friend while
they are not.
❖ Flexibilty, lectures capability of editing attendance records.
❖ Easily manageable by school/college staff and convert in the form of excel sheet.
❖ Avoiding the time losses during class started.
Project Category :-
Android Applications
Analysis:-
This project is aimed to develop an easy way for faculty and students realted to attendance.
This app provides two-step verification login to the faculty and students and easy to manage
the record. This app is fully online. in this admin have a power that he/she can add
faculty,student individual or in bulk,subject etc. In this faculty can managing attendance
record are easy and the faculty can change any student attendance if it marked wrong,etc.
In this student can view their attendance can alter name only.
5.Software specification:-
A major element in building a system is the selection of compatible software since the
software in the market is experiencing geometrical progression, selected software should be
acceptable by the firm and one user as well as it should be feasible for the system.
9. Front End: Android SDK
Back End: MySQL
The purpose of having a software requirement specification document is to an
understandable, unambiguous and complete specifications documentation required for the
project.
Hardware specification:-
The section of the hardware configuration is an important task related to the software
development insufficient RAM may affect adversely on the speed and efficiency of the
entire system. The hard disk should have sufficient capacity to store file and applications.
Hard Disk: More Than 5 GB
Cache size: 512 KB
RAM: 4 GB (Minimum)
Operating system: Ubuntu
Android Device: Android Studio, ADB (Android Debug Bridge)
Advantages:-
1. Two-step verification login.
2. Easy to Use.
3. Reduce time wastage.
4. Provide accurate data.
5. Error reduction.
6. Increase Security.
Disadvantages:-
1. Need Internet Connective always to do any work.
2. Sometimes app speed depends on the Internet Speed.
10. Future Scope:-
● GUI improved in the future.
● We can reduce the complexity of the app.
● It can be easily implemented at any institute or organization.
● You can add online student admision as well pay online fees.
Modules:-
Admin Module:-
Open App
Add Student
Add Faculty
View Student
View Student Attendance
View each Student’s attendance separately
Teacher Module:-
Open App
Take Attendance and keep them class wise
View each student’s attendance separately
Edit Student/Attendance later
Save notes subject wise
Team Members:-
Name Class Registration No
Pooja BCA 192112716
Preethi BCA 192112718
Sahana Markal BCA 192112720
12. 2
1 Introduction:
Android Attendance System will provide two-step verification login to the faculty and
students and easy to manage the record. This app is fully online. In this admin can add
faculty, students, subject etc. features and the faculty can take attendance and alter
attendance etc. and the student can see their Attendance and can edit there name only.
Android Attendance System is software development for daily student attendance in
school,colleges and institutes. It facilitates to access the attendance information of a
particular student in a particular class. This information is sorted by the operators, which
will be provided by the teacher for a particular class. This system will also help in evaluating
attendance eligibility criteria of a student.
This is an Android Attendance System for educational institutions that maintain a quick
and accurate record of attendance of students. This module is available to student
dashboard as well from which they can cite the causes of absences. Attendance
Management System helps admin in imposing fines for absences/late comings. Based on the
attendance percent of students, they are allowed to sit in the examination.
1.1 Purpose:
This project is aimed to develop an easy way for faculty and students related to
attendance. This app provides two-step verification login to the faculty and students and
easy to manage the record. This app is fully online. In this admin have a power that he/she
can add faculty, student individual or in bulk, subject etc.
In this faculty can managing attendance record are easy and the faculty can change any
student attendance if it marked wrong, etc. In this student can view their attendance and
can alter name only.
1.2 Advantages:
1. Two-step verification login.
2. Easy to Use
3. Reduce time wastage.
4. Provide accurate data.
5. Error reduction.
6. Increase security.
1.3 Disadvantages:
1. Need Internet Connectivity always to do any work.
2. Sometimes app speed depends on the Internet Speed.
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2.1 Product perspective:-
The product Attendances Management system is an independent product and does not
depend on any other product or system. The product will automate various tasks associated
with handling student details and better organizing the stored information and optimum
performance, thus helping the Colleges to ensure smooth working of these processes.
2.2 Product Functions:-
Our system has two types of accessing modes:
I. Administrator
II. User
> Teacher
> Student
(i) Administrator
Administrator have rights to manage student details, add a new student, provide register
number for all students, assign each student a course etc., Administrator can update his
profile, and also can give help to the teachers and students.
(ii) User: There are two users:
Student: -Student do the login and see profile. Attendance Details etc.
Teacher:- Add student, view the student details and take attendance student.
2.3 User Characteristics:
This software gives access to two kinds of users.
1. Administrator:
The administrators have features access to add, delete and modify information stored in the
database.
Authorized User: Teaching staffs have access to view the data stored in the database and
can update the student's attendance in the form of formatted reports.
Student has access to view the data stored in the database.
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2.4 Constraints:-
Interface is only in English, no other language option is available. User can login with his
assigned username and password, no guest facilities is available.
2.5 Assumptions and Dependencies:-
We assume that the Office personnel do all the data entry based and the correct values
obtained from forms and registers.
We assume that the computers that will use the software will be part of the college LAN.
Users with administrator access should be careful in deleting or modifying any information
knowingly or unknowingly which will lead to inconsistency of the database.
The end users of this software are assumed to have basic level of computer knowledge i.e.
point and click.
17. 7
3. System Specification: -
3.1 Software specification: -
A major element in building a system is the selection of compatible software since
the software in the market is experiencing geometrical progression, selected software
should be acceptable by the firm and one user as well as it should be feasible for the
system.
Front End: Android SDK
Back End: MySQL
The purpose of having a software requirement specification document is to an
understandable, unambiguous and complete specifications documentation required for the
project.
3.2 Hardware specification: -
The section of the hardware configuration is an important task related to the software
development insufficient RAM may affect adversely on the speed and efficiency of the
entire system. The hard disk should have sufficient capacity to store file and applications.
Processor: Intel Pentium processor
Processor speed: 1.4GHz onwards
Hard Disk: More Than 5 GB
Cache size: 512 KB
RAM: 4 GB (Minimum)
Operating system: Ubuntu
Android Device: Android Studio, ADB (Android Debug Bridge)
3.3 Functional Requirement:-
Android Attendance System involves the following functions:
Easily track attendance information of student.
Quickly produce attendance bullet in.
19. 9
3.4 Non-Functional Requirements:
3.4.1 Performance
Easy tracking of records and updating can be done. All the requirements relating to
performance characteristics of the system are specified in the section below. There are two
types of requirements,
Static Requirements
These requirements do not impose any constraints on the execution characteristics of the
System. They are:
Number of Terminals:
The software makes use of an underlying database that will reside at the server, while the
front end will be available online to the administrative and departmental computers as well
as students and teachers.
Number of Users:
The number of users may vary, as this software finds applications in almost all department
of the organization
Dynamic Requirements:
These specify constraints on the execution characteristics of the system. They typically
include response time and throughout of the system. Since these factors are not applicable
to the proposed software, it will suffice if the response tine is high and the transactions are
carried out precisely and quickly.
3.4.2 Reliability
The software will not be able to connect to the centralized database in the event that the
college LAN fails or in the event of the server being down due to a hardware or software
failure.
3.4.3 Availability
The software will be available only to authorized users of the colleges like teachers to mark
the students attendance, student to view their enrolled course, admin to add an update
students records.
3.4.4 Security
The security requirements deal with the primary security. The software should be handled
only by the administrator and authorized users. Only the administrator has right to assign
permission like creating new accounts and generating password. Only authorized users can
access the system with username and password.
20. 10
3.4.5 Maintainability
Backups for database are available.
3.4.6 Portability
The Software is a windows-based application and is built in VB.Net and MYSQL so it is
platform independent and is independent of operating system.
3.5 Design Constraints:
This software provides security. The login form prevents the system from being misused by
unauthorized users. Only an authorized operator will be granted rights to modify as per
requirements. This software is also reliable and fault tolerant. The system developed is
designed to handle invalid inputs. Since reliability is major area of concern the system has a
backup to avoid data loss. The user should know the programming language very well that is
used to develop software.
22. 12
4.1 Introduction:-
Analysis can be defined as breaking up of any whole so as to find out their nature, function
etc. It defines design as to make preliminary sketches of to sketch a pattern or outline for
plan.To plan and carry out especially by artistic arrangement or in a skillful wall. System
analysis and design can be characterized as a set of techniques and processes, a community
of interests, a culture and an intellectual orientation. The various tasks in the system
analysis include the following.
Understanding the application.
Planning.
Scheduling.
Developing candidate solution.
Performing trade studies.
Performing cost benefit analysis.
This system manages to the analysis of the report creation and develops manual entry of
the student attendance. First design the students entry form, staff allocation and time table
allocation forms. This project will helps the attendance system for the department calculate
percentage and reports for eligibility criteria of examination. The application attendance
entry system will provide flexible report for all students.
4.2 Existing System:-
Existing system is a manual entry for the students. Here the attendance will be carried out in
the hand written registers. It will be a tedious job to maintain the record for the user. The
human effort is more here. The retrieval of the info is not as easy as the records are
maintained in the hand written register.
The application requires correct feed on input into the respective field. Suppose the wrong
inputs are entered, the application resist to work. So the user find it difficult to use.
4.3 Proposed System:-
To overcome the drawbacks of the existing system, the proposed system has been evolved.
This project aims to reduce the paper work and saving time to generate accurate results
from the student’s attendance. The system provides with the best user interface.
The efficient reports can be generated by using this proposed system.
23. 13
Advantages of Proposed System:
It is trouble-free to use.
It is a relatively fast approach to enter attendance is highly reliable, approximate result from
user Best user Interface and efficient reports.
4.4 Feasibility Study:
Feasibility analysis begins once the goals are defined. It starts by generating board possible
solutions, which are possible to give an indication of what the new system should look time.
This is where creativity and imagination are used. Analysis must think up new ways of doing
thing generate new ideas. There is no need to go into the detailed system operation yet. The
solution should provide enough info to make reasonable estimates about project cost and
give users an indication of how the new system will fit into the organization.
Feasibility of a new system means ensuring that the new system, which we are going to
implement, is efficient and affordable.
There are various types of feasibility to be determined. They are-
4.4.1 Economically Feasibility:
Development of this application is highly economically feasible. The only thing to be done is
making an environment with an effective supervision.
It is cost effective in the sense that has eliminated the paper work completely. The system is
also time effective becouse the calculations are automated which are made at the end of th
month or as per the user requirement.
4.4.2 Technical feasibility:
The technical requirement for the system is economic and it does not use any other
additional Hardware and software. Technical evaluationmust also assess whether the
existing systems can be upgraded to use the new technology and whether the organization
has the expertise to use it. Install all upgrades framework into the Net package supported
widows based application. This application depends on Microsoft office and intranet service,
database. Enter their attendance and generate report to excel sheet.
4.4.3 Operatinal feasibility:
The system working is quite easy to use and learn due to its simple but attractive interface.
User requires no special training for operating the system. Technical performance include
issues such as determining whether the system can provide the right information for the
Department personel student details.
25. 15
5. Android:
5.1 What is Android?
Android is an OS for smartphones. But we find now integrated into PDAs, touchpads or TVs,
even cars (trip computer) or not-books. The OS was created by the start-up of the same
name. Which is owned by Google since 2005.
5.1.1 Android Architecture:
Linux Kernel:
At the bottom of the layers is Linux - Linux 3.6 with approximately 115 patches. This
provides a level of abstraction between the device hardware and it contains all the essential
hardware drivers like camera, keypad, display etc. Also, the kernel handles all the things that
Linux is really good at such as networking and a vast array of device drivers, which take the
pain out of interfacing to peripheral hardware.
Libraries:
On top of Linux kernel, there is a set of libraries including open-source Web browser engine
WebKit, well-known library libc, SQLite database which is a useful repository for storage and
sharing of application data, libraries to play and record audio and video, SSL libraries
responsible for Internet security etc.
Android Libraries:
This category encompasses those Java-based libraries that are specific to Android
development. Examples of libraries in this category include the application framework
libraries in addition to those that facilitate user interface building, graphics drawing and
database access. A summary of some key core Android libraries available to the Android
developer is as follows: -
android.app: Provides access to the application model and is the cornerstone of all Android
applications.
android.content: Facilitates content access, publishing and messaging between applications
and application components.
android.database: Used to access data published by content providers and includes SQLite
database, management classes.
android.opengl: A Java interface to the OpenGL ES 3D graphics rendering API.
android.os: Provides applications with access to standard operating system services
including messages, system services and inter-process communication.
android.text: Used to render and manipulate text on a device display.
android.view: The fundamental building blocks of application user interfaces.
26. 16
android.widget: A rich collection of pre-built user interface components such as buttons,
labels, list views, layout managers, radio buttons etc.
android.webkit: A set of classes intended to allow web-browsing capabilities to be built into
applications.
Having covered the Java-based core libraries in the Android runtime, it is now time to turn
our attention to the C/C++ based libraries contained in this layer of the Android software
stack.
Android Runtime:
This is the third section of the architecture and available on the second layer from the
bottom. This section provides a key component called Dalvik Virtual Machine which is a
kind of Java Virtual Machine specially designed and optimized for Android.
The Dalvik VM makes use of Linux core features like memory management and multi-
threading, which is intrinsic in the Java language. The Dalvik VM enables every Android
application to run in its process, with its instance of the Dalvik virtual machine.
The Android runtime also provides a set of core libraries which enable Android application
developers to write Android applications using standard Java programming language.
Application Framework:
The Application Framework layer provides many higher-level services to applications in the
form of Java classes. Application developers are allowed to make use of these services in
their applications.
The Android framework includes the following key services: -
Activity Manager: Controls all aspects of the application lifecycle and activity stack. Content
Providers: Allows applications to publish and share data with other applications.
Resource Manager: Provides access to non-code embedded resources such as strings, color
settings and user interface layouts.
Notifications Manager: Allows applications to display alerts and notifications to the user.
View System: An extensible set of views used to create application user interfaces.
Applications:
You will find all the Android application at the top layer. You will write your application to be
installed on this layer only. Examples of such applications are Contacts Books, Browser,
Games etc.
27. 17
5.2 MySql:
5.2.1 Introduction:
MySQL is a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS).
RDBMS means R--DB-MS.
R stands for Relational
DB stands for Database, a repository for the information store.
The data in a database is organized into tables, and each table is organized into rows and
columns,
Each row in a table is called a record. A record may contains several pieces (called fields) of
information, and each column in a table is known as a field.
MS stands for Management System, the software that allows you to insert, retrieve, modify,
or delete records.
R stands for Relational, indicates a particular kind of DBMS that is good at relating
information stored in one table to information stored in another table by looking for
elements common to each of them. Relational DBMS has the advantage of efficient storage,
and retrieval mechanisms for data, and uses normalization process during design of RDBMS.
5.2.2 Features of MySql:
Speed:
Of course, the speed at which a server side program runs depends primarily on the server
hardware. Given that the server hardware is optimal, MySQL runs very fast. It supports
clustered servers for demanding applications.
Ease of use:
MySQL is a high-performance, relatively simple database system. From the beginning.
MySQL has typically been configured, monitored, and managed from the command line.
However, several MySQL graphical interfaces are available as described below:
MySQL Administrator: This tool makes it possible for administrators to set up, evaluate, and
tune their MySQL database server. This is intended as a replacement for mysqladmin.
MySQL Query Browser: Provides database developers and operators with a graphical
database operation interface. It is especially useful for seeing multiple query plans and
result sets in a single user interface.
Configuration Wizard: Administrators can choose from a predefined list of optimal settings,
or create their own.
MySQL System Tray: Provides Windows-based administrators a single view of their MySQL
instance, including the ability to start and stop their database servers.
28. 18
Cost
MySQL is available free of cost. MySQL is a "Open Source" database. MySQL is part of LAMP
(Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Perl/Python) environment, a fast growing open source
enterprise software stack. More and more companies are using LAMP as an alternative to
expensive proprietary software stacks because of its lower cost, reliability, and
documentation.
Query Language Support
MySQL understands standards based SQL (Structured Query Language).
Capability
Many clients can connect to the server at the same time. Clients can use multiple database
simultaneously. You can access MySQL using several interfaces such as command-line
clients. Web browsers.
Connectivity and security
MySQL is fully networked, and database can be accessed from anywhere on the Internet, so
you can share your data with anyone, anywhere. The connectivity could be achieved with
Windows programs by using ODBC drivers. By using the ODBC connector to MySQL, any
ODBC-aware client application (for example, Microsoft Office, report writers, Visual Basic)
can connect to MySQL.
Portability
MySQL runs on many varieties of UNIX, as well as on other non-UNIX systems, such as
Windows and OS/1. MySQL runs on hardware from home PCs to high-end server. MySQL
can be installed on Windows XP, Windows Server 1003, Red Hat Fedora Linux, Debian Linux,
and others.
MySQL is Open Source Software
Open Source means that it is possible for anyone to use and modify. Anybody can download
MySQL from the Internet and use it without paying anything. Anybody so inclined can study
the source code and change it to fit their needs. MySQL uses the GPL (GNU General Public
License) to define what you may and may not do with the software in different situations. If
you feel uncomfortable with the GPL or need to embed MySQL into a commercial
application you can buy a commercially licensed version from us.
29. 19
Why use MySql
MySQL is very fast, reliable, and easy to use. If that is what you are looking for, you should
give it a try. MySQL also has a very practical set of features developed in very close
cooperation with our users. MySQL was originally developed to handle very large databases
much faster than existing solutions and has been successfully used in highly demanding
production environments for several years. Though under constant development, MySQL
today offers a rich and very useful set of functions. The connectivity, speed, and security
make MySQL highly suited for accessing databases on the Internet.
The technical features of MySql
MySQL is a client/server system that consists of a multi-threaded SQL server that supports
different back ends, several different client programs and libraries, administrative tools, and
several programming interfaces. We also provide MySQL as a multi-threaded library which
you can link into your application to get a smaller, faster, easier to manage product.
MySQL has a lot of contributed software available.
31. 21
6.1 Introduction
The most creative and challenging face of the system development is System
Design. It provides the understanding and procedural details necessary for implementing
the system recommended in the feasibility study. Design goes through the logical and
physical stages of development.
In designing a new system, the system analyst must have a clear understanding of the
objective, which the design in aiming to fulfil. The first setup is to determine how the output
is to be produced and in what format. Second, input data and master files have to be
designed to meet the requirement of the proposed output. The operational phases are
handled through program construction and testing.
6.2 Database Table: -
1.) Login: -
Sr. No. Name Data Type Description
1. Usertype varchar(50) Select the admin or faculty login
2. Username varchar(50) Store the admin or faculty name
3. Password varchar(50) Store the admin or faculty
password
2.) Admin login: -
Sr. No. Name Data Type Description
1. Username varchar(50) Store the admin name
2. Password varchar(50) Store the admin password
3.) Faculty:-
Sr. No. Name Data Type Description
1. Firstname varchar(50) Store the faculty firstname
2. Lastname varchar(50) Store the faculty lastname
3. Mobile.No int(10) Store faculty mobile number
4. Address varchar(50) Store the faculty address
5. Username varchar(50) Store the faculty username
6. Password varchar(50) Store the faculty Password
32. 22
4.) Faculty login:-
Sr. No. Name Data Type Description
1. Username varchar(50) Store the admin name
2. Password varchar(50) Store the admin password
5.) Student Table:-
Sr. No. Name Data Type Description
1. Firstname varchar(50) Store the student firstname
2. Lastname varchar(50) Store the student lastname
3. Mobile.No int(10) Store student mobile number
4. Address varchar(50) Store the faculty address
5. Dept varchar(50) Select the department name
6. Year int(10) Select the number of year
6.) Attendance Table:-
Sr. No. Name Data Type Description
1. Dept varchar(50) Select the department name
2. Date Date Store date on for which attendance is
taken.
3. Year int(10) Select the number of year
4. Subject varchar(50) Store the subject name assign to which
faculty
7.)Attendance Record:-
Sr. No. Name Data Type Description
1. Studentid int(10) Store the student id
2. Student name varchar(50) Store the student name
3. Status varchar(50) Present or Absent (P denotes
present and A denotes absent)
34. 24
7.1 Data Flow Diagrams
The dataflow diagram (DFD) is the one of the most important modeling tools.
It shows the use of the data pictorially. DFD represents the flow of data between different
transformations and process in the system. The dataflow shows logical flow of the data. A
data flow diagram (DFD) maps out the flow of information for any process or system. It
uses defined symbols like rectangles, circles and arrows, plus short text labels, to show
data inputs, outputs, storage points and the routes between each destination. Data
flowcharts can range from simple, even hand-drawn process overviews, to in-depth, multi-
level DFDs that dig progressively deeper into how the data is handled. They can be used
to analyze an existing system or model a new one. Like all the best diagrams and charts, a
DFD can often visually “say” things that would be hard to explain in words, and they work
for both technical and nontechnical audiences, from developer to CEO. That’s why DFDs
remain so popular after all these years. While they work well for data flow software and
systems, they are less applicable nowadays to visualizing interactive, real-time or database-
oriented software or systems.
7.1.1 Different notations used in DFD are:
Functional Processing:
It is represented as a circle. This notation specifies the processing or main
transactions.
35. 25
Data Flow:
An arrow line represents it and name of the data is specified by the side of the
line as label. This arrow line is used to indicate data movement.
Source or Destination of data:
It is represented by a rectangle. It is used for specifying from where data is
coming and where it will reach.
Data Store:
Input flows to a data store include information or operations that change the
stored data. Output flows would be data retrieved from the store.
7.1.2 Levels of Data Flow Diagrams
LEVEL - 0
CONTEXT DIAGRAM
DFD Level 0 is also called a Context Diagram. It’s a basic overview of the whole
system or process being analyzed or modeled. It’s designed to be an at-a-glance view,
showing the system as a single high-level process, with its relationship to external entities.
It should be easily understood by a wide audience, including stakeholders, business
analysts, data analysts and developers.
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It is also known as fundamental system model, or context diagram represents the entire
software requirement as a single bubble with input and output data denoted by incoming
and outgoing arrows. Then the system is decomposed and described as a DFD with
multiple bubbles. Parts of the system represented by each of these bubbles are then
decomposed and documented as more and more detailed DFDs. This process may be
repeated at as many levels as necessary until the program at hand is well understood. It is
essential to preserve the number of inputs and outputs between levels, this concept is called
leveling by DeMacro.
LEVEL – 1
DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
DFD Level 1 provides a more detailed breakout of pieces of the Context Level
Diagram. You will highlight the main functions carried out by the system, as you break
down the high-level process of the Context Diagram into its subprocesses. The Level 1
DFD shows how the system is divided into sub-systems (processes), each of which deals
with one or more of the data flows to or from an external agent, and which together
provide all of the functionality of the system as a whole.
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LEVEL – 2
DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
A level 2 data flow diagram (DFD) offers a more detailed look at the processes that
make up an information system than a level 1 DFD does. It can be used to plan or record
the specific makeup of a system. 2-level DFD goes one process deeper into parts of 1-level
DFD. It can be used to project or record the specific/necessary detail about the system's
functioning.
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LEVEL – 3
DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
7.2 E-R DIAGRAM :
E-R diagram is a diagrammatic representation of the logical design of the database.
In E-R Diagram entities, attributes and relationships is represented. An ER diagram is a way
for the designer of a database to visually represent the entities, or data objects, to be created in
the system. The ERD is drawn before starting work on creating the database itself, so that the
designer can identify potential problems and clarify business requirements. Or they can be
created for an existing system for documentation purposes. An Entity Relationship (ER)
Diagram is a type of flowchart that illustrates how “entities” such as people, objects or
concepts relate to each other within a system. ER Diagrams are most often used to design
or debug relational databases in the fields of software engineering, business information
systems, education and research. Also known as ERDs or ER Models, they use a defined
set of symbols such as rectangles, diamonds, ovals and connecting lines to depict the
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interconnectedness of entities, relationships and their attributes. They mirror grammatical
structure, with entities as nouns and relationships as verbs. ER diagrams are related to data
structure diagrams (DSDs), which focus on the relationships of elements within entities
instead of relationships between entities themselves. ER diagrams also are often used in
conjunction with data flow diagrams (DFDs), which map out the flow of information for
processes or systems. Entity relationship diagrams provide a visual starting point for
database design that can also be used to help determine information system requirements
throughout an organization.
The three main cardinalities are:
1. A one-to-one relationship (1:1). For example, if each customer in a database is associated
with one mailing address.
2. A one-to-many relationship (1:M). For example, a single customer might place an order
for multiple products. The customer is associated with multiple entities, but all those
entities have a single connection back to the same customer.
3. A many-to-many relationship (M:N). For example, at a company where all call center
agents work with multiple customers, each agent is associated with multiple customers,
and multiple customers might also be associated with multiple agents.
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7.3 Input Design:
Input design is part of overall system design that requires special attention designing input
data is to make the data entered easy and free from errors. The input forms are designed
using the controls available in Android studio.
Input design is the process of converting the user originated inputs to a computer based
format. A system user interacting through a workstation must be able to tell the system
whether to accept the input to produce reports. The collection of input data is considered to
be most expensive part of the system design. Since the input has to be planned in such a
manner so as to get relevant information, extreme care is taken to obtain pertinent
information. This project first will entered to the input of allocation forms it will be created
on student details form and subject entry form, time table form lit will helps to calculate
subject wise attendance system
7.4 Output Design:
Output design this application "Android Attendance System" generally refers to the results
and information that are generated by the system for many end-users; output is the main
reason for developing the system and the basis on which they evaluate the usefulness of the
application.
The output is designed in such a way that it is attractive, convenient and informative. Forms
are designed with various features, which make the console output more pleasing.
As the outputs are the most important sources of information to the users, better design
should improve the system's relationships with us and also will help in decision making.
Form design elaborates the way output is presented and the layout available for capturing
information.
One of the most important factors of the system is the output it produces. This system
refers to the results and information generated. Basically the output from a computer
system is used to communicate the result of processing to the user.
Attendance management system to show the report subject wise attendance maintaining
by staffs. Taken as a whole report obtains on a administrator privileges only.
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8.1 Problem Definition:
This system developed will reduce the manual work and avoid redundant data. By
maintaining the attendance manually, then efficient reports cannot be generated. The
system can generate efficient weekly, consolidate report based on the attendance. As the
attendances are maintained in registers it has been a tough task for admin and staff to
maintain for long time.
8.2 Project Overview:
Attendance Management System basically has two main modules for proper functioning.
Admin module is has rights for creating any new entry of faculty and student details.
User has a rights of making daily attendance, generating report. Attendance report can be
taken by given details of student details, date, and class.
8.3 Module Description:
The system should be designed in such a way that only authorized people should be allowed
to access some particular modules. The records should be modified by only administrators
and no one else. The user should always be in control of the application and not the vice
versa.
The user interface should be consistent so that the user can handle the application with
ease and speed
The application should be visually, conceptually clear.
8.4 Administrator module:
Student Details
In this module deals with the allocation of roll no and personal details for new hatch. It will
generate of personal details and academic details of the students.
Teacher Details
It helps to allot the subject and the subject code to the particular staff's
It provides the facility to have a user name and password to the staffs.
Report details
Report can be taken by daily, weekly and consolidate:
Weekly report get all hour details of attendance starting date to ending date and display the
status Consolidate report get all student attendance details starting date to ending date
status help for the eligibility criteria of the student to attend the examination.
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8.5 Faculty module
Attendance details
It assists the staff to mark attendance to the students for their subject. This will authenticate
the staff before making the entry.
Report details
Weekly report get details of attendance from starting date to ending date and display the
status Consolidate report get all student attendance details from starting date to ending
date status help for the eligibility criteria of the student to attend the examination.
8.6 Student module
Generate report, get details of attendance from starting date to ending date and display the
status.
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9.1 Introduction:
Once source code has been generated, software must be tested to uncover (and correct) as
many errors as possible before delivery to customer. Our goal is to design a series of test
cases that have a high likelihood of finding errors. To uncover the errors software
techniques are used. These techniques provide systematic guidance for designing test that
Exercise the internal logic of software components, and Exercise the input and output
domains of the program to uncover errors In program function, behavior and performance.
Internal program logic is exercised using-White box test case design Techniques.
Software requirements are exercised using-block box test case Design techniques.
9.2 Testing Methodologies:
A strategy for software testing must accommodate low-level tests that are necessary to
verify that a small source code segment has been correctly implemented as well as high-
level tests that validate major system functions against customer requirements. A strategy
must provide guidance for the practitioner and a set of milestones for the manager.
Following testing techniques are well known and the same strategy is adopted during this
project testing.
9.3 Unit testing:
Unit testing focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of software design- the software
component or module. The una test is white-box oriented. The unit testing implemented in
every module of student attendance management System by giving correct manual input to
the system the data are stored in database and retrieved. If you want required module to
access input or gets the output from the End user.
9.4 System testing:
System testing is actually a series of different tests whose primary purpose is to fully
exercise the computer-based system. Below we have described the two types of testing
which have been taken for this project, it is to check all modules worked on input basis if
you want change any values or inputs will change all information, so specified input is must.
9.5 Performance Testing:
Performance testing is designed to test the run-time performance of software within the
context of an integrated system. Performance testing occurs throughout all steps in the
testing process. Even at the unit level, the performance of an individual module may be
assessed as white-box tests are conducted. This project reduce attendance table, codes, it
will generate report fast.no have extra time or wasting of results entered correct data will
show result few millisecond just used only low memory of our system Automatically do not
getting access at another software. Get user permission and access to other applications.
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11.1 Conclusion:
The Android Attendance System is developed using android application fully meets the
objectives of the system which it has been developed. The system has reached a steady
state where all bugs have been eliminated. The system is operated at a high level of
efficiency and all the teachers and user associated with the system understands its
advantage. The system solves the problem. It was intended to solve as requirement
specification.
11.2 Scope for future development:
The project has a very vast scope in future. The project can be implemented on intranet in
future. Project can be updated in near future as and when requirement for the same arises,
as it is very flexible in terms of expansion. With the proposed software of database Space
Manager ready and fully functional the chent is now able to manage and hence run the
entire work in a much better, accurate and error free manner.
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WEBSITES REFFERED:-
1. https://www.slideshare.net
2. Introduction to android studio https://www.geeksforgeeks.org
3. Introduction to mysql https://www.tutorialsweb.com
4. pictures/images Google Image Search
5. Sql Database WampServer
6. Some contents of Youtube
