Substance Abuse outlines Definition Factsheet Risk factors ICD classification Sign and Symptom The harmful effect of substance abuse on health and behaviour Prevention and Rehabilitation for substance abusers References

1. SUBSTANCE ABUSE
PREPARED BY
RAD. AHMAD ABDUSSALAM INUWA (BSc. MSc. Arn)
AMINU GAMBO AHMAD (Rn, BNSc, MSc)

2. OUTLINES
• DEFINITION AND BURDEN OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
• GLOBAL FACTSHEETS ON SUBSTANCE ABUSE
• RISK FACTORS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
• ICD (10) CLASSIFICATION OF PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS
• SIGN AND SYMPTOMS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSERS
• HARMFUL EFFECTS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSED ON HEALTH
• HARMFUL BEHAVIORAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS
OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
• PREVENTION AND REHABILITATION FOR SUBSTANCE
ABUSE
• REFERANCES

3. DEFINITION AND BURDEN OF SUBTANCE USE
• Substance abuse refers to the harmful or hazardous
use of psychoactive substance, including alcohol
and illicit drugs. Source (WHO)
• Psychoactive substances use can lead to
dependence syndrome.
• Its characterized by cluster of behavior, cognitive,
and physiological symptoms such as strong desire to
take the drugs, difficulties in controlling its use.

4. DEFINITION AND BURDEN OF SUBTANCE USE
CONT....
• Persistence on the use of the drug despite the
harmful consequence.
• Experience taking action mostly under peer
pressure during young age lead to the substance
abuse.

5. GLOBAL SUBSTANCE ABUSE FACTSHEET
• Alcohol use and tobacco are most commonly
substance abused globally.
• Annually 3.3 million death are attributed to harmful
alcohol use globally.
• Harmful use of alcohol and tobacco use are
established risk factors for cardiovascular disease,
metabolic syndrome, stroke, liver cirrhosis,
carcinoma of liver , pancreatic carcinoma.

6. FACT SHEET CONT..
• Tobacco kills half of its users globally.
• More than 7m death attributed to tobacco use in a year
globally.
• More than 7m people suffer from illicit drug use disorder
and one in 4 death can be attributed to alcohol, tobacco
and illicit drug use.

7. FACT SHEET CONT...

8. RISK FACTORS OF SUBTANCE ABUSE
1. BIOLOGICAL: which includes genetic makeup,
ethnicity, mental illness.
2. ENVIROMENTAL: which includes peers, poverty,
stress, physical and sexual abuse, family
environment.

9. ICD (10) CLASSIFICATION OF PSYCHOACTIVE
SUBSTANCES
 ICD 10 identifies following psychoactive drug potential for
abuse with serious health hazards:
1. Alcohol
2. Cannabinoid/ cannabis
3. Cocaine
4. Caffeine
5. hallucinogens
6. Opioids
7. Sedative
8. Tobacco
9. Volatile solvents
10. Others

10. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SUBSTANCE
ABUSERS
• Loss of interest in daily routine activities.
• Loss of body weight, appetite.
• Change in sleep-wake cycle.
• Sudden change in mood.
• Impaired memory and concentration.
• Withdrawal from social activities.

11. HARMFUL EFFECT OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
• Weakened immune system, increasing the risk of illness
and infection.
• Heart conditions ranging from abnormal heart rates to
heart attacks and collapsed veins and blood vessel
infections from injected drugs.
• Nausea and abdominal pain, which can also lead to
changes in appetite and weight loss.
• Increased strain on the liver, which puts the person at
risk of significant liver damage or liver failure.
• Seizures, stroke, mental confusion and brain damage
• Lung disease.
• Problems with memory, attention and decision-making,
which make daily living more difficult.

12. HARMFUL EFFECT OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE

13. HARMFUL EFFECT OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE ON
BEHAVIOUR
• Addiction.
• Aggressiveness.
• Hallucination.
• Impulsiveness.
• Impaired judgement.
• Loss of self control.
• Paranoia.

14. PREVENTION AND REHABILITATION FOR
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
• Regulate availability of the substances; age
restrictions and public place ban.
• Restriction on advertising; warning / caution on the
package.
• Using pricing policy; high taxation on the product.
• Raising awareness about the harmful effect of
substance abuse; public places, schools, health
facilities and social gathering.

15. PREVENTION AND REHABILITATION FOR
SUBSTANCE ABUSE CONT....
• Support community action for prevention of
substance use; community support groups,
discouraging use of tobacco and alcohol in society
by name of customs and rituals etc.
• Involvement of opinion makers, local leaders and
religious leaders in the community outreach.
• Strict implementing motor vehicle driving laws with
respect to substance abuse; Prohibition of drink and
drive.

16. PREVENTION AND REHABILITATION FOR
SUBSTANCE ABUSE CONT....
• Community based rehabilitation of substance
dependent person; creating self help groups,
creating shelter homes for people recovering from
substance dependence, ensuring community
support to family of the affected person, providing
earning opportunity for person recovered from
substance dependence.
• Develop surveillance system for substance use and
policy formulation; establish surveillance
mechanism In routine healthcare.

17. REFERNCE
• IAPSM’S TEXTBOOK OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE
• INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH 5TH EDITION BY
MARY-JANE SCHNEIDER
• https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/N
SDUH-FFR1-2015/NSDUH-FFR1-2015/NSDUH-FFR1-
2015.htm

18. THANK YOU