feismo.com-117141693-kathrein-s-remote-electrical-tilt-system-ret-pr_20869f36734c8a8a8a5d7748c4c4bcb5.pdf

1
©Kathrein/Guggenhuber 04/2008
Kathrein‘s Remote Electrical Tilt System (RET)
Solutions for different phases

2
¾ Remote Electrical Tilt (RET) Basic
¾ RET Concept & Phases
¾ Antenna System Manager (ASM)
¾ AISG/3GPP Overview & Interoperability
Summary

3
Summary

4
‹ Big difference of mobile networks of 3rd generation (WCDMA) :
Comparison GSM UMTS
Access TDMA
(Time Division Multiple
Access)
Separation of the subscribers
by time slots
WCDMA
(Wideband Code Division Multiple
Access)
Separation of the subscribers
by codes
Frequency plan certain frequencies per cell the same full bandwidth in each cell
Hand over registration only in one cell
(hard hand over)
registration in two or more cells
(soft hand over)
Cell size fixed variable
‹ ¹ Different networkplanning compared to GSM
WCDMA is a dynamic network with variable cell sizes !
UMTS / WCDMA Network

5
UMTS / WCDMA Downtilt in GSM Systems
† mechanical downtilt
easy handling, adjustable, but downtilt angle not constant across the azimuth
† electrical downtilt
constant downtilt angle over azimuth but not adjustable
† adjustable electrical downtilt
combines the electrical benefits with the mechanical flexibility
Downtilting of the vertical pattern reduces the radiated power
towards the horizon and concentrates it into the cell to be
covered.

6
‹ Power control and cell breathing
Complex relation between capacity, coverage and interference;
a growing load in the cell (quantity of subscibers, transferred data rate) is
increasing the noise and the required power; communication quality is effected
¹ base station reduces the cell size
Quelle: HU Berlin

7
‹ The network planners aim at a continuous coverage but with a minimum
overlapping between the cells to avoid additional interferences
‹ The cell breathing changes the situation permanently from big overlapping to
reduced coverage
‹ --> the cells have to be adjusted carefully by means of the vertical downtilt
considering the average required capacity
Big overlapping
Reduced coverage

8
‹ Remote electrical tilt enables a continuing optimisation to achieve the best balance
between interference and coverage also with respect to :
† Soft handover
Due to the low uplink power levels the subscriber signals may be received by
two or three cells and added up by the system ¹ improvement of the uplink
path but eating up of capacity; 30-40% of the subscribers may be in this
situation
Soft handover BTS
BTS
BTS

9
‹ already now the RET system can adapt the network to the current status
on the basis of pre-measured and pre-optimised scenarios; the downtilts are
adjusted according to the following situations:
† rush hour coverage (specific high traffic spots)
† working time (main traffic in offices)
† evening coverage (main traffic at home or in restaurants/bars)
† special coverage for irregular events (sport, games, music festivals, fairs).

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‹ Benefits :
† Up to 20% of WCDMA equipment can be saved
† Lower bit failure rate
† Smaller amount of drop calls
† Cell corrections due to network extensions can be carried out without
sending installation teams to the base stations.
UMTS / WCDMA RET Benefits
‹ Conclusion :
† For the network optimisation due to changing cell sizes with WCDMA an
adaption of the coverage by adjustment of the downtilt angle is required
† Local control directly at the base station does not provide the required quick
and permanent access
† Central control for a complete network section, e.g. via the common OMC
(Operational Maintenance Center) is needed

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Summary

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UMTS / WCDMA Remote Electrical Tilt (RET)
‹ Concept :
Each manually adjustable Kathrein
antenna with appropiate mechanical
interface can be upgraded to provide
remote electrical tilt by means of a
separate unit (RCU)
† upgrading can be carried out also with
already mounted antennas
† decision for appliance can be postponed
according to experience
† further reduced number of versions
Remote control
unit (RCU)
attached
Antenna with
mechanical
RET interface

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‹ Mechanical interface
UMTS / WCDMA Mechanical Interface

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UMTS / WCDMA Remote Control Unit
‹ RCU features:
† Easy attachment via a robust 42 mm thread
† Excellent lightning and EMC protection:
- screened control cable
- grounded aluminum housing
- each wire control cable wire individually lightning protected
† Integrated electronic for safe operation :
- easy calibration
- last position EPROM stored
- no position loss with power loss
† Powerfull motor with low power consumption :
- high torque for low temp. Application (-40 ° C)
† Just one RCU version for all antenna types

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Remote electrical tilt Phase overview
‹ Phase 1 : Temporary local control
‹ Phase 2 : Permanent control from an operation center e.g. the OMC
(operation maintenance center)
‹ Phase 3 : Fast and comfortable OMC control via ASM and SNMP
(antenna system manager / simple network management protocol)

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‹ Phase 1 : Temporary local control
Remote electrical tilt Phase 1
Control unit
BTS

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‹ Access to change the downtilt angle on site from
ground level
† Applications :
- downtilt angle adaptation to network changes
for GSM or CDMA sites
- access to hardly reachable antenna locations
such as on high tension line masts or chimneys
(lower costs regarding number of riggers and
safety equipment)
- 3G sites with low traffic but without the
requirement yet for OMC controlled RET

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BTS
RCU
Antenna
Feeder lines
Smart
BIAS-T
Smart-BIAS-T
Splitter
Additional
control cable
‹ Antenna line configuration
† Antennas equipped with RCUs
† RCUs connected via additional cable and splitter or
daisy chain
PCA
‹ Performance of the PCA (via laptop):
- antenna data transfer
- calibration
- downtilt adjustment
† Alternatively the additional cable can be replaced
by a connection via 2 smart bias Tees

19
PCA
- AISG conform !

20
PCA Interfaces and Signalling

21
Phase 2 : Permanent control from an operation center e.g. the OMC
(operation maintenance center)

22
‹ Central remote controlling
RCU
Antenna
† Connection between the Operational Maintenance Center (OMC) and the
RCU via a Central Control Unit (CCU)
† Two link circles : OMC - CCU / CCU - RCU
CCU
Link
OMC - CCU
Link
CCU - RCU

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‹ Central control unit
AC 100 - 240 V
DC -48 V
3 AISG ports
for 9 RCUs
and 3 TMAs
Ethernet
port
RS 232 port
Alarm interface

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AC 100 - 240 V
DC -48 V
3 AISG ports
for 9 RCUs
and 3 TMAs
Ethernet
port
RS 232 port
Alarm interface

25
Outdoor wall or mast mounted CCU Phase 2
Available
1. quarter 2008

26
BTS
RCU
Antenna
Feeder lines
Smart
BIAS-T
Smart-BIAS-T
Additional
control cable
‹ Link CCU - RCU
† No need for a modification of the RCU connection
of Phase 1 because of AISG compatibility
† Instead of the PCA a central control unit (CCU) is
installed
† CCU offers the control of a TMA with integrated
Smart Bias Tee function
TMA

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Local Control via Internet Browser Phase 2
‹ Using the Browser Functionality
† Standard Internet Browser connected with the Embedded Web Server in CCU
† Commissioning and Configuration of complete RET System
† Management of a single RET-System
† Very easy to use
CCU
Ethernet
RS232

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‹ The CCU acts as a web server with
its own IP address
‹ HTML solution
‹ The appearing website contains all
required control elements for normal
service and installation
‹ no separate software is required,
just a standard browser
‹ all AISG devices can be controlled:
RCU, TMA (TMB) CCU website

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† for DT angle information the refering CCU has to be contacted
† access only one after the other (long procedure especially via modem)
† with HTML the whole page has to be transferred even if only one value changes
† no reference to site names
Î suitable only for a low number of CCUs
‹ HTML solution via browser
OMC
HTML
RET Network

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‹ Phase 3 : Fast and comfortable OMC control via ASM and SNMP
(antenna system manager / simple network management protocol)

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Summary

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Remote Control via ASM
NodeB
BTS
min. length 2m
LPZ 1
BTS
RNC
XML for automated
Actions
OMC
Central Alarm
Manager
BTS
min. length 2m
BTS
BTS
min. length 2m
BTS
‹ Using of ASM - Antenna System Manager
† Convenient way to manage a big CCU network
† Fast fault detection and/or configuration change
† Automated actions via CCI (set, verify, upgrade ...)
ATM
Backbone
ATM
Backbone
RNC's
ATM
Backbone
ATM
Backbone
ASM Server
OMC
OMC
ASM
Clients
CCI

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BTS
System SW
ASM
BTS
RET
Embedded SW
TMA
min. length 2m
CCU
AISG/3GPP: Layer1 + 2 + 7
SNMP: IP +UDP and Kathrein MIB

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14. Client Server Architecture of ASM 2.x (1)
Central Alarm Manager
Launch in context /
Remote Trigger
Server
DB
Automated
Actions
XML based
CCI
OMC
Network
Client
Client
Client
Client
‹ ASM CSA for usage in the OMC network
with simultaneously access for up to 10 clients plus 1 administrator

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ASM Server
ASM Server
ASM Clients (10+1)
ASM Clients (10+1)
...
...
...
...
10.000
10.000
SNMP, FTP
SNMP, FTP
+Dongle
+Dongle
14. Client Server Architecture of ASM 2.x (3)

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Remote Alarm Management (1)
‹ Alarm notification
† Via Node-B (OEM proprietary)
¾ Programmable alarm pins of CCU
† Via ASM (collecting AISG alarms, events and changes)
¾ Periodic Polling Engine (PPE)
¾ SNMP Notification Listeners (Trap, Inform)
¾ SNMP Notification Forwarding (Trap)
BTS
BTS
BTS
Splitter
LPD
Earthling
CCU
RCU
NodeB
Alarm connector: 8 OC pins
ATM
Backbone
XML for
Automated
Actions
CCI
ASM
OMC
Central
Alarm
Manager
Launch i.C.,
Remote Tr.
RNC

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Remote Alarm Management (2)
‹ Alarm Event Management via S N M P Notification
¾ Trap
¾ Inform
Launch in context /
Remote Trigger
Alarm
BTS
min. length 2m
LPZ 1
BTS
SNMP Notification Listener:
- ASM (reserved)
-> Alarm notification,
-> Configuration change
- Additional listener (configurable)
-> 2 alarm notification listener
-> 1 system notification listener
ASM
SNMP Listener:
Alarm notification (reserved)
Configuration change (reserved)
OMC
Alarm
Manager SNMP Listener:
Alarm notification
System event
Alarm
Forwarding
(Trap)
Notification messages: Alarm, System Event, Configuration change (Status, Parameter)
Regional
Alarm
Manager
Alarm
Forwarding
(Trap)
L
a
u
n
c
h
i
n
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
/
R
e
m
o
t
e
T
r
i
g
g
e
r

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‹ Extended options by means of CCI
(customized control interface)
Key words :
- remote control of the ASM
- automatic execution of predefined actions
- configuration of a whole network or parts of it in a single-pass procedure
- adoption of OMC commands via XML
Remote electrical tilt

40
† Many operators use an optimiser tool for their network planning
† According to measurements and calculations certain scenarios are stored
† With these scenarios (individual downtilt angles) the network is adapted to the
current situation :
- rush hour
- working time
- evening coverage
- special events
- emergencies
OMC
ASM
SNMP
Optimiser
Planing tool
CCI
XML
file
RET Network
Cellular Network

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Description of the CCI performance
† a XML file of the planned actions is provided either by manual inputs or by
stored information (Possible Export and Import of whole Database)
† the CCI software is analysing the file and generates a list of commands,
considering also aditional actions like calibration
† the CCI performs the actions in a semi parallel way; the number of parallel
actions can be set by the user (depending on network capacity)
† while the CCI is proceeding, the user can monitor the
ongoing process via the CCI dialog to the ASM
† a detailed report is created (XML and pdf format)
XML for
Automated
Actions
ASM
CCI

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ASM Graphical User Interface (GUI)

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‹ ... to setting up and control of all device parameters
(CCU, RCU, TMA)
The ASM ...
CCU
CCU
RCU
RCU
TMA
TMA
16. ASM 3.x GUI – Devices (2)

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‹ RET Systems are grouped in freely
customizable Views
‹ Unlimited number of Views
‹ Assignment of Views to ASM users that are
permitted to configure the RET systems contained
in a View
‹ Simple usage via 'Drag'n Drop'
‹ Customizable device appearance
(e.g 'Site-ID and IP')
‹ Dynamic loading/closing of Views in project-like
manner
16. ASM 3.x GUI – Organisation via Views (2)

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‹ Built-in, intuitive user management
‹ Secure Password Protection (encrypted)
‹ Secure password generation (optional)
‹ Unlimited number of definable user accounts
‹ Session based and dynamic Log-in/Log-out
‹ 4 pre-defined Roles available for rights
management
1) ADMIN
2) MANAGER
3) DEFAULT
4 BROWSER
16. ASM 3.x GUI – User Management (3)

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Roadmap
(*)
(*)
Subject to alteration
3. Q. 2008

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Support
ASM One Year Support (86010116)
‹ 1-2 day Training
‹ Technical Support via Fault Ticket
(web interface) and phone
‹ Software updates and new versions
are free of charge
‹ Extension of the standard warranty period
for one year

51
Summary

52
3GPP is a world-wide co-operation for
standardisation of mobile communication.
Generation of technical specifications, which
describe all aspects of mobile communication in
detail.
AISG is an industry standards group working on
control interfaces for antenna line equipment.
• In former times the RET-System was just standardised by AISG.
• Parts of the AISG standard were adopted by 3GPP.
Introduction to AISG / 3GPP

53
What is AISG?
The roll-out of 3G systems has accelerated
the use of antenna line products with digital
remote control and monitoring facilities.
The Antenna Interface Standards Group has created
open specifications for the control interface for these devices.
Future developments of the specification are expected to
extend the range of devices and the available command syntax.
AISG v2 is consistent with the 3GPP standards for RET antennas
(TS 25 460 - TS 25 463) but extends these documents to include
additional implementation standards and a control interface for
TMAs.
Extension Standards extend the AISG standard to include a wider
range of equipment.
Current version of the standard: AISG v2.0 (13 June 2006)
Extension Standards:
Remote azimuth steering AISG ES-RAS v2.1.0 (11 Dec 2007)
Remote azimuth beamwidth AISG ES-RAB v2.1.0 (11 Dec 2007)
Previous version of the standard: AISG1 v1.1 (30 July 2004)

54
• In former times the RET-System was just standardised by AISG.
• Parts of the AISG standard were adopted by 3GPP.
¾ Avoiding proprietary ALD control interfaces
¾ Increase of ALD market acceptance
(RET, TMA, RAB, RAS …)
¾ Reducing system integration effort
(due to interoperability of different vendor equipment)
¾ Advantages for all engaged parties
Network-Operators,
BTS- suppliers
Antenna Manufacturers
Motivation:

55
OOK Modem RS485 Bus
UART
PWM
Timer
FLASH RAM
EEPROM …
Microcontroller Platform
HW Driver, Interrupt Control, Tx/Rx Buffer
HDLC, XID Parameter
Procedure Handling
Motor Control,
Alarm Handling,
…
API
Software and Hardware System
Power Supply
AISG & 3GPP
Layer 7
Layer 2
Layer 1
Overview of Antenna Interface Standardization

56
3GPP-RET Specification Release 6
3GPP-RET/TMA Spec Release 7
AISG 2.0 Specification Release
Different HW & SW versions may be required to fulfill AISG1.1, AISG2.0 or 3GPP Standard
Minor Changes
2003 2004 III / 2006 IV / 2006 IV / 2007
Technology
Platform
(Standard)
2005 …
Adoption and Improvement of RET in 3GPP
Adoption of RET and TMA
Adoption of TMA in 3GPP

57
3GPP vs AISG
‹ New SW commands
‹ Extension of existing SW commands
‹ Modified download sequence
‹ Partly different parameter list for commands
‹ Different return codes
‹ Less room for different interpretation
‹ Support of multi devices (RET)
‹ Layer 2 device scan address assignment different
‹ Improved scan behaviour
Î Weakness in AISG specification eliminated
Î Improved system behaviour

58
AISG
Document Status Jan 2008
• Standard No. AISG1: Issue 1.1
=> devices in the field and new devices are running out
• Standard No. AISG v2.0
=> devices ready and are coming in the field
3GPP • Release 6 (finished, just corrections)
=> 3GPP TS 25.460: "UTRAN Iuant Interface: General Aspects and Principles“ (V6.20)
=> 3GPP TS 25.461: "UTRAN Iuant Interface: Layer 1“ (V6.50)
=> 3GPP TS 25.462: "UTRAN Iuant Interface: Signalling Transport" (V6.51)
=> 3GPP TS 25. 463: " UTRAN Iuant Interface: Application part“ (V6.70)
• Release 7 (currently in work)
=> 3GPP TS 25.460: "UTRAN Iuant Interface: General Aspects and Principles“ (V7.10)
=> 3GPP TS 25.461: "UTRAN Iuant Interface: Layer 1“ (V7.50); (V8.1.0)
=> 3GPP TS 25.462: "UTRAN Iuant Interface: Signalling Transport“ (V7.40)
=> 3GPP TS 25. 466: " UTRAN Iuant Interface: Application part“ (V7.30); (V8.2.0)

59
Known differences: AISG2.0 and 3GPP-Rel7 / Status Jan 2008
Layer1
not stated
TMA data retained after power ON (Mode,
Gain, Add Data, User Data
PowerOn
not defined
bus termination + connector + pinning
RS485
3GPP Rel7
AISG 2.0
Issue
Layer 2
PI21 not supported
PI21
Substance Version
PI20 not supported
PI20 = 2
AISG Protocol Version
PI5 = 7
PI5 = 6 (due to reference) or 7
3GPP Release ID
3GPP Rel7
AISG 2.0
Issue

60
Layer 7
optional procedure
not included
Procedure “TMAGetSupported
NonLinearGainValues”
Chapter 6.2.2.
procedure <4 with subunit field shall be
disregarded
no statement
Procedure message interpretation:
disregarded multi device messages
Chapter 6.8.4 + 6.8.5
MinorTMAFault/MajorTMAFault without
description
Chapter 8.4.4 + 8.4.5
MinorTMAFault/MajorTMAFault with
description
TMASetGain/TMAGetGain
Chapter 6.8.1. : Major+MinorTMAFault
… and set to normal is received and not
possible to set
Chapter 8.4.1. :
Major+MinorTMAFault … in bypass
and set to normal is received
TMA SetMode return code description
3GPP Rel7
AISG 2.0
Issue
Known differences: AISG2.0 and 3GPP-Rel7 / Jan 2008

61
Compatibility of Standards
Item AISG 1.0 AISG 1.1 3GPP AISG2.0
Hardware
Voltage 12V / 24V /-48 V 12V / 24V/-48V 10-30V 10-30V,12Vopt.,-48V opt.
Pinout 12V, 24V,RS485,ground 12V,24V,RS485,ground no pinout 10-30V pin
clarification RS485a/b 12V,RS485, ground
Ramp Up Current no definition Charge (C) charge 0.5 uF, charge 0.5 uF/0.4 A
0.4 A charge 0.5 uF/1 A (TMA)
Spectrum Mask no definition Definition 9kHz-30MHz Definition reference 3GPP
9kHz-3GHz TMA ?
Stronger
requirements
Data rates 9.6-115 kBit/s 9.6 - 115 kBit/s 9.6 - 115 kBit/s 9.6 - 115 kBit/s
parallel operation allowed parallel operation
Software
Bootloader course Definition improved definition changed DL reference to 3GPP
DL procedure DL procedure procedure
Commands defined device scan defined device scan small reference to 3GPP
changes (XID-Frame) additional TMA
redefined error codes,

62
Compatibility*)
RET
defined
Standard
YES
YES
YES
3GPP
Release 6
AISG2.0
AISG1.1
Compatibility*)
TMA
defined
Standard
YES
YES
YES
3GPP
Release 7
AISG2.0
AISG1.1
Vertical cut
RET – Remote Electrical Tilt
compatible
not compatible
*) Standard compatibility given in layer 2 and 7
TMA – Tower Mounted Amplifier
compatible
not compatible

63
Compatibility*)
RAB
defined ?
Standard
NO
YES
NO
3GPP
Release 6
Release 7
AISG2.0
Extension
v2.1.0
AISG1.1
Compatibility*)
RAS
defined ?
Standard
NO
YES
NO
3GPP
Release 6
Release 7
AISG2.0
Extension
v2.1.0
AISG1.1
RAB – Remote Azimuth Beamwidth
not compatible
RAS – Remote Azimuth Steering
not compatible
Horizontal cut

64
Compatibility*)
CAD
defined ?
Standard
NO
Not
finalized
NO
3GPP
Release 6
Release 7
AISG2.0
Extension
AISG1.1
Compatibility*)
RAS
defined ?
Standard
Not
defined
Not
defined
NO
in
discussion
NO
3GPP
Release 6
Release 7
AISG2.0
Extension
AISG1.1
CAD – Compound Antenna Device
not compatible
Possible further future device types in AISG
RET
RAS
TMA
CAD
AAS Temperature Sensor
Power Sensor
GPS VSWR

65
Ranking – UMTS/WCDMA

66
Ranking – UMTS/WCDMA

67
Ranking - RET Components
3. Antenna System Manager (ASM)
~ 10 licenses

75
Interoperability
RET-System Interoperability
Different products / vendors
connected to same bus

76
Situation
standard to ensure basic interoperability on antenna
line products from different manufacturers.
but
This standard allows a certain diversity of interpretation, and
therefore does not guarantee the interoperability and reliable
operation of mixed vendor systems.
Consequence
Intensive IOTs have been carried out and will continue to be
carried out in the future. Any test results can only be interpreted
as an interoperability snapshot of the versions available during
testing.
Interoperability

77
Purpose: To ensure basic interoperability of RET equipment
Connectors, power supply, Baud
rate, current consumption,
lightning protection...
Physical problems over the
transmission line (RET cable)
Impact to the logical channel
Interaction between devices in
the AISG communication system
Data link layer is based on a
subset of HDLC
Frame types: I, RR, SNRM,
XID...
Test of polling mechanism in
terms of timing and expected
responses
Application layer:
global mandatory commands,
global optional commands,
device specific commands
Layer 2 compliance testing Layer 7 compliance testing
AISG System Interoperability Test
Layer 1 compliance testing
Interoperability

78
Basic interoperability
configuration testing:
Identifies the principle inter-
operability of one CCU with one RCU
ƒ Identification and Device Scan test
ƒ Address Allocation
ƒ RET Device Data Allocation
ƒ RET Calibration Procedure
ƒ RET Set Tilt Procedure
ƒ LOC - Basic Interoperability test
ƒ TMA/LOC Basic Interoperability test
AISG compatibility testing can be divided into three main categories
Extended interoperability
testing
Identifies the operation of alarm
functions and optional user specific
features of one CCU and one RCU
ƒ Alarm during RET calibration
ƒ Alarm during RET Set tilt proc.
ƒ Start up behaviour
ƒ Power interruption
ƒ Software update
ƒ LOC test
ƒ LOC / TMA test
Multiple device
and limit testing
Indicates the possibility of
multiple device operation,
the limits of the configurations
and max. cable length
ƒ Star configuration
ƒ Combined Star/Daisy Chain
ƒ Daisy Chain Configuration
Third party secondary devices are considered only in terms of its functional behaviour specified in
the AISG standard, not of its individual technical specification/implementation.
Interoperability

79
Interoperability

80
‹ For english news, data sheets, catalogues please check our webside:
www.kathrein.de
/en/mca/index.htm
Thank you for participation.
Kathrein online

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