2. Why do we need stories?
To explain natural phenomenon such as great floods
and the creation of the world
To answer such questions such as why we are born
and why we die
To help us escape reality by entering a world where
the good guy wins, the forces of evil are defeated,
and love conquers all
To help define the roles of good and evil such as the
hero and the villain so that we might recognize them
in reality
3. What is an “archetype”?
Original pattern or model of which
all things of the same type are
representations.
A perfect example
Recurring patterns of situations,
characters, or symbols existing
universally and instinctively in the
collective unconscious.
Carl G. Jung
4. What characteristics do
archetypes share?
Not individual but the part we share with all humanity.
Connect us to our past and connect our past to a common
source
Not directly knowable but instead express themselves in
forms.
Universal
Cannot be explained by interaction among cultures—
geography and history often made this impossible.
Recurrent, appearing in slightly altered forms to relate
present day situations to the past for meaning
7. Character Archetypes
THE HERO— mother is
sometimes a virgin;
circumstances of birth are
unusual; some attempt is
made at birth to kill him;
raised by foster parents,
returns to his kingdom to
right wrongs; marries a
princess; becomes king;
meets a mysterious death;
body is sometimes burned or
missing rather than buried
8. Character Archetypes
YOUNG ONE FROM
THE PROVINCES—
hero is taken away as a
young man and raised by
strangers; when he returns
home, he can view
problems objectively and
can solve them easier
12. Character Archetypes
The Herald—
Heralds act to signal
change and invite the
character to answer the call
to adventure. Their job is
to motivate the hero into
action, despite the hero’s
frequent desire to maintain
the status quo. Heralds can
be people, objects or acts
of nature.
13. Character Archetypes
Threshold Guardians—
The Threshold Guardian's
job is to ensure the
protagonist is worthy of
passing the threshold, and
thus they act as part of the
tests the protagonist must
face in the journey. They
can also be inanimate
objects or forces of nature
20. Character Archetypes
SCAPEGOAT—
animal or human
who is unjustly held
responsible for
others’ sins;
sacrificed but they
often become more
powerful force dead
than alive
21. Character Archetypes
OUTCAST—figure
banished from a social
group for some crime
against his fellow man
(could be falsely
accused of a crime or
could choose to banish
himself from guilt), or
for a questionable past
25. Character Archetypes
THE UNFAITHFUL
WIFE— a married
woman who finds her
husband dull or
unattractive seeks a
more virile or interesting
man. Archetypically, the
woman is the center of
the family and is
responsible for keeping it
together.
26. Character Archetypes
DAMSAL IN
DISTRESS— The
vulnerable woman must
be rescued by the hero.
She is often a trap by the
devil figure or the
temptress to ensure the
unsuspecting hero
cannot finish the journey.
29. Situational Archetypes
THE QUEST—search for
someone or some object,
which when it is found and
brought back will restore life
to a wasted land, and the
desolation of which is
mirrored by a leader’s illness
and disability.
THE TASK—to save the
kingdom, to win the fair lady,
the hero performs some
superhuman deed to identify
himself so that he may assume
his rightful position
30. Situational Archetypes
THE JOURNEY—the hero goes in
search of some truth or information
to restore life to the kingdom; he
must descend into a real or
psychological hell and is forced to
discover the blackest truths about
himself (usually his faults); he must
then decide to return to the world of
the living; this could also appear as
a group of isolated people (trapped
on a boat, bus, island) to represent
society
31. Situational Archetypes
THE INITIATION— the
awakening of a teenager or an
initiation into adult life; the
adolescent comes into his/her
maturity with new awareness
and problems along with a
new hope for the community
THE RITUAL— actual
ceremony that marks a new
stage (rite of passage) in life
(weddings, funerals,
coronations)
32. Situational Archetypes
THE MAGIC
WEAPON— The
weapon the hero needs in
order to complete the
quest; represents the
extraordinary quality of
the hero because no one
else can wield the
weapon or use it to its
full potential. It is
usually given by a
mentor figure and can
only be used by the hero.
33. Situational Archetypes
THE FALL—descent
from a higher to a
lower state of being;
characters experience
a loss of innocence
and often experience
an expulsion from a
kind of paradise as a
penalty for their
disobedience and
moral transgression
34. Situational Archetypes
THE UNHEALABLE
WOUND— a wound
that is either physical or
psychological; it cannot
be healed fully; indicates
a loss of innocence;
always aches and may
drive the sufferer to
desperate measures
35. Situational Archetypes
DEATH AND
REBIRTH— deals
with the similarities
between the cycle of
nature and life;
morning and
springtime represent
birth, youth, or
rebirth; evening and
winter suggest old age
or death
40. Symbolic Archetypes
INNATE WISDOM VS
EDUCATED
STUPIDITY—
Uneducated characters
can often be wise
using their common
sense while some very
educated characters
have no common
sense
42. Symbolic Archetypes
FIRE VS. ICE— fire, a
positive archetype,
can represent
knowledge, light, life,
and rebirth while ice
can represent
ignorance, darkness,
sterility, and death
43. Symbolic Archetypes
HAVEN VS.
WILDERNESS— for
the hero, places of
safety are required for
time to regain health
and resources; these
hideouts are often in
unusual places
44. Symbolic Archetypes
WATER vs. DESERT—
Because water is necessary
to life and growth, it
commonly appears as a birth
symbol, as baptism
symbolizes a spiritual birth.
Rain, rivers, oceans, etc.
also function the same way.
The desert suggests the
opposite.