The document provides an overview of Docker containers and how they can be used on AWS. It discusses how Docker allows for portable application environments and consistent deployments across environments. It introduces Amazon ECR for hosting container images, Amazon ECS for deploying containers on EC2 instances or using Fargate, and EKS for running Kubernetes on AWS. The document highlights benefits like reusable images, isolation, portability and resource efficiency when using containers and these AWS services.

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Nathan Peck, Developer Advocate for Container Services
March 21, 2018
Getting Started with Docker on AWS

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Why Docker containers? FizzBuzz!

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Application environment components
Runtime Engine
Code
Dependencies

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Local Laptop Staging / QA Production On-Premise
Different environments

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Local Laptop Staging / QA Production On-Prem
It worked on my machine, why not in
production?
v6.0.0 v7.0.0 v4.0.0 v7.0.0

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Docker
Lightweight container virtualization platform.
Licensed under the Apache 2.0 license.
First released March 2013
Built by Docker, Inc.

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Dependencies
Binaries
Code
docker build

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Docker Image
Read only image that is used as a
template to launch a container.
Start from base images that have
your dependencies, add your custom
code.
Docker file for easy, reproducible
builds.
bootfs
kernel
Base image
Image
Image
Container
References
parent
image

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Local Laptop Staging / QA Production On-Prem
Four environments, same container

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VM vs Container
Server (Host)
Host OS
Hypervisor
Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS
Bins/Libs Bins/Libs Bins/Libs
App 1 App 2 App 3
VM
Server (Host)
Host OS
Docker
Bins/Libs Bins/Libs Bins/Libs
App 1 App 2 App 3
Container

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Benefits
Portable runtime application environment
Package application and dependencies in a single artifact
Run different application versions (different dependencies)
simultaneously
Faster development & deployment cycles
Better resource utilization

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Use Cases
Consistent environment between Development & Production
Service-Oriented Architectures & Microservices
Short lived workflows, batch jobs, cron jobs
Isolated environments for testing

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Just four commands to start using Docker
docker build (Create an image)
docker tag (Set a version for the image)
docker push (Store image in a registry to run later)
docker run (Run the image on a machine)

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Server
Guest OS
Bins/Libs Bins/Libs
App2App1
Using Docker is easy!

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A few hosts?
Server
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Lots of hosts!
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How do I deliver container
images to all those hosts?

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Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR)
• Cloud-based Docker image registry
• Fully managed
• Secure – images encrypted at rest,
integrated with IAM
• Scalable and Highly Available
• Integrated with Amazon ECS and the
Docker CLI

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How can I get containers
running on my hosts?

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Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS)
• Container management service
• Fully managed
• Scalable and Highly Available
• Microservices, batch workers,
machine learning applications
• Integrated with
• Amazon ECR
• AWS networking, storage,
management tools
• AWS Fargate

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Amazon ECS
EC2 INSTANCES
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container AGENT COMMUNICATION
SERVICE
Amazon
ECS
API
CLUSTER MANAGEMENT
ENGINE
KEY/VALUE STORE
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container
Internet LOAD
BALANCER
LOAD
BALANCER

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Cluster of hosts
EC2 INSTANCES
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container AGENT COMMUNICATION
SERVICE
Amazon
ECS
API
CLUSTER MANAGEMENT
ENGINE
KEY/VALUE STORE
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container
Internet LOAD
BALANCER
LOAD
BALANCER
EC2 INSTANCES
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container AGENT COMMUNICATION
SERVICE
Amazon
ECS
API
CLUSTER MANAGEMENT
ENGINE
KEY/VALUE STORE
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container
Internet

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Lightweight agent on each host
EC2 INSTANCES
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container AGENT COMMUNICATION
SERVICE
Amazon
ECS
API
CLUSTER MANAGEMENT
ENGINE
KEY/VALUE STORE
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container
Internet LOAD
BALANCER
LOAD
BALANCER
EC2 INSTANCES
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container AGENT COMMUNICATION
SERVICE
Amazon
ECS
API
CLUSTER MANAGEMENT
ENGINE
KEY/VALUE STORE
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container
Internet

25. © 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
API for launching containers on the cluster
EC2 INSTANCES
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container AGENT COMMUNICATION
SERVICE
Amazon
ECS
API
CLUSTER MANAGEMENT
ENGINE
KEY/VALUE STORE
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container
Internet LOAD
BALANCER
LOAD
BALANCER
EC2 INSTANCES
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container AGENT COMMUNICATION
SERVICE
Amazon
ECS
API
CLUSTER MANAGEMENT
ENGINE
KEY/VALUE STORE
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container
Internet

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Container task is placed on a host
EC2 INSTANCES
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container AGENT COMMUNICATION
SERVICE
Amazon
ECS
API
CLUSTER MANAGEMENT
ENGINE
KEY/VALUE STORE
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container
Internet LOAD
BALANCER
LOAD
BALANCER

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Traffic is sent to your host
EC2 INSTANCES
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container AGENT COMMUNICATION
SERVICE
Amazon
ECS
API
CLUSTER MANAGEMENT
ENGINE
KEY/VALUE STORE
ECS
AGENT
TASK
Container
TASK
Container
Internet LOAD
BALANCER
LOAD
BALANCER

28. © 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
PRODUCTION WORKLOADS ON AWS
AWS VPC
networking mode
Advanced task
placement
Deep integration
with AWS platform
ECS CLI…{ }
Global footprint
Powerful scheduling
engines
Auto scaling
CloudWatch metrics
Load balancers

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Customers Using Containers at Scale

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CUSTOMERS ARE OUR KEY!
50+
releases
since 2015
CUSTOMERS
RELEASE
FEEDBACK /
NEW USE
CASES
LEARN
EXPERIMENT,
INNOVATE,
& BUILD
FEATURES

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What we did with ECS in 2017
Container access to
environmental metadata
Network Load Balancer support
Console support for
SpotFleet
Override parameters for
RunTask and StartTask APIs
Task Elastic Network
Interface
Application Load Balancer Support
HIPAA eligibility
Console UX improvements
CLI V1.0
Container instance draining
Windows containers
Cron and Cloudwatch Event
Task scheduling
Support for Docker Privileged
Mode Lifecycle Policies for container images
Beijing Region
Support for Device and Init
flags
Add attributes during boot
Seoul Region
Linux capabilities

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I don’t want to deal with
hosts at all!

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Cluster
Management
is a relic
of physical
infrastructure

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ENABLE FOCUS ON APPLICATIONS

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INTRODUCING FARGATE!

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CHANGING COMPUTE
CONSUMPTION MODEL
No instances
to manage
Task
native API
Resource
based pricing Simple, easy to use,
powerful – and new
consumption model

37. © 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
PRODUCTION WORKLOADS ON AWS
AWS VPC
networking mode
Advanced task
placement
Deep integration
with AWS platform
ECS CLI…{ }
Global footprint
Powerful scheduling
engines
Auto scaling
CloudWatch metrics
Load balancers

38. © 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
I want to use more open
source in my environment

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“Run Kubernetes for me.”

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“Native AWS Integrations.”

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”An Open Source Kubernetes Experience.”

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=
+
E L A S T I C C O N T A I N E R S E R V I C E F O R K U B E R N E T E S
(EKS)

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mycluster.eks.amazonaws.com
Availability
Zone 1
Availability
Zone 2
Availability
Zone 3
Kubectl

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GENERALLY
AVAILABLE
2018

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In Summary
• Docker allows you to easily run different code across different
machines in a standardized, easily defined environment
• Amazon Elastic Container Service allows you to schedule and run
Docker containers on AWS
• Amazon Elastic Container Service for Kubernetes is a managed
service for running Kubernetes on AWS
• Amazon Elastic Container Registry is a secure, private registry for
Docker container images

48. © 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or Its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
AMAZON CONTAINER SERVICES
Choose your orchestration tool1
Choose your launch type2
ECS EKS
EC2 Fargate EC2 Fargate
We give you the power to choose:

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The awesome-ecs project:
https://github.com/nathanpeck/awesome-ecs

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We want to hear from all of you!
More focus on supporting Tasks as compute primitive,
more focus on removing undifferentiated heavy lifting.
Our roadmap is driven by feedback:

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Thank you!