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1. © 2017, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
Vivek R – AWS Solutions Architect
Ricky Chang – AWS Professional Services
February 23, 2017
Optimize MySQL Workloads with
Amazon Elastic Block Store

2. Agenda
• MySQL Deployment Options on AWS
• Why use Elastic Block Store (EBS)?
• Optimizing MySQL with EBS
• Testing for Performance
• Best Practices

3. MySQL Deployment Options

4. RDS and MySQL on EC2
MySQL on
EC2 instance
• Flexible
• Deployment Options
- Infrastructure
- Storage
• Access to the OS
• MySQL plugins support
RDS for MySQL
• No Infrastructure Management
• Instant provisioning
• Application Compatibility
• HA and Read Replica
• Managed Patching, Maintenance,
Backup and Restore

5. Why Storage?

6. Durability and Monitoring
Monitoring
CloudWatch
• 5 min or 1 min polling interval
• Setup alarms and actions
• Integrate with MySQL Monitoring
Tools
Durability
• Data Persistence vs. Instance
Store
• Decouple Storage from Compute
• Redundancy within the AZ

7. Provisioned IOPS SSD
Highest Performance
Volume Size: 4 GiB to 16 TiB
Max IOPS/Volume: 20,000
Max Throughput/Volume: 320 MiB/s
General Purpose SSD
Price and Performance
Volume Size: 1 GiB to 16 TiB
Max IOPS/Volume: 10,000
Max Throughput/Volume: 160 MiB/s
Primer - Storage Options

8. Snapshots and Security
Security
• IAM Resource Level Permissions
• Data at Rest Encryption
Snapshots
• Entire MySQL Database Backup
• Scheduled snapshots using
CloudWatch Events
• Use for DR, Storage Resize,
Sharing Environment

9. Elastic Volumes
aws ec2 modify-volume --region us-east-1 --volume-id vol-11111111111111111 --size 200 --volume-type io1 --iops 10000
{
"VolumeModification": {
"TargetSize": 200,
"TargetVolumeType": "io1",
"ModificationState": "modifying",
"VolumeId": "vol-11111111111111111",
"TargetIops": 10000,
"StartTime": "2017-01-19T22:21:02.959Z",
"Progress": 0,
"OriginalVolumeType": "gp2",
"OriginalIops": 300,
"OriginalSize": 100
}
}
Elastic Volumes
• Ease of Administration
• Change while online
• Change Volume Type
• Change Provisioned
IOPS
• Increase volume size

10. Optimization

11. © 2016, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. | Amazon Confidential
Making the most out of (GP2)
Max I/O credit per bucket is 5.4M
You can spend up to
3000 IOPS per second
Baseline performance = 3 IOPS per GiB or 100 IOPS
Always accumulating
3 IOPS per GiB per second
gp2

12. © 2016, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. | Amazon Confidential
Burst & Baseline: General Purpose SSD (GP2)IOPS
0 1 16
1,000
2,000
3,000
8,000
10,000
BASELINE IOPS
(Baseline of 3 IOPS/GiB)
Burstable to
3,000 IOPS
3 90.5
Volume Size (TiB)
~ 3334 GB

13. © 2016, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. | Amazon Confidential
Time to Deplete a Full GP2 Credit Bucket
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1 8 30 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950
MinutesofBurst
Volume Size in GiB
43 Min 1 Hour
10 Hours

14. Monitor your Burst usage
Typically, Burst IOPS are consumed by:
 Performing MySQL Backups
 Restarting MySQL or EC2
 Large import and export of MySQL data
 Additional traffic to the MySQL database
coming from the application

15. Making the most out of io1
EBS Optimized Instances
• Dedicated Bandwidth to EBS 500 Mbps to 12,000 Mbps
• Increase Throughput and IOPS

16. Making the most out of Replication

17. Need more IOPS and Throughput?
RAID 0 - Considerations
• Use EBS optimized instance
• Fault tolerance, MySQL Slave
• Use the same EBS volume type
and size
• Ensure all volumes are quiesced
when performing EBS snapshots

18. Caching and Writes

19. MySQL Configuration
Parameters Default Tuned* Description
innodb_buffer_pool_size 128MB 70-80% % of Memory or large enough for “Hot” data
set
innodb_flush_neighbors 1 0 Spreads write operations over your EBS
volumes
innodb_log_file_size 50MB * Large enough to spread-out the checkpoint
flush activity
* Based on your write workloads

20. MySQL Master/Slave

21. Switching from a Physical Server to EC2
sync_binlog
sync_master_info
sync_relay_log
sync_relay_log_info

22. Improve IO and Throughput
• Separate the logs and data files
into different EBS volumes
• Use io1 for bin and relay logs
• RAID 0 – Stripe EBS Volumes
• Extreme cases – use local SSD
for Slave or read replica

23. Backup Server as target

24. EFS and S3 as Target

25. EBS Snapshots – best practices
1. Quiesce data before taking snapshots
flush tables with read lock
sync and fsfreeze
2. Warm up data during the restore
Parallel dd, fio, robocopy
Scan largest table
3. Automate and Manage Snapshots
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/events/TakeScheduledSnapshot.html
https://github.com/awslabs/aws-ebs-custodian

26. Performance Testing

27. Latency
• Check for available
IOPS
• Verify burst credits
for gp2
• Watch out for high
disk queue length

28. Throughput
Issues:
• Database replication
• Backup and Restore
• Import/Export
• Index Creation
Increase Throughput by:
• RAID 0
• Amazon Provisioned IOPS SSD
320 MiB/s
• EBS Optimized Instance

29. Benchmarking Tools
• Tools from MySQL such as
MySQL Enterprise Monitor
MySQL Workbench Performance
MySQL Query Analyzer
• MySQL Monitoring tools at the AWS Marketplace
• Amazon CloudWatch
• MySQL performance Schema

30. Demo

31. Best Practices

32. Best Practices
• Evaluate use case for Amazon RDS or MySQL on EC2
• Monitor burst metrics for gp2
• Use EBS optimized EC2 instances for io1
• Use EC2 placement groups for replication
• Test your MySQL workloads
• Verify MySQL parameters
• Monitor service limits

33. Thank you!