This document contains 5 questions about different ethical theories: critical reasoning, Divine Command Theory, Natural Law Theory, cultural relativism, and tolerance. It asks about the principles, intellectual commitments, advantages, and disadvantages of each theory. It also asks whether cultural relativism contradicts the idea of tolerance between cultures and whether it would make conflict between societies less or more likely.

1. 1.
Briefly describe the principle of “critical reasoning” in ethics.
What intellectual commitments does it involve? What are its
advantages? What are its disadvantages?
2.
Describe the “Divine Command Theory.” How does it attempt to
base morality on religion? What are its advantages? What are
the flaws of the theory? How does the so-called “Euthyphro
question” reveal these flaws?
3.
What is the “Natural Law Theory?” How does it differ from the
Divine Command Theory? What criticisms can be raised about
this perspective?
4.
Briefly describe “cultural relativism.” What does cultural
relativism imply about the moral status of social reformers?
What does cultural relativism imply about the idea of moral
progress?
5.
When cultural relativists say that every culture should embrace
a policy of tolerance, are they contradicting themselves? If so,
how? If cultural relativism were true, would this make conflict
between societies, wars in particular, less or more likely?
Explain your answer.