Nectarine diseases By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL

2. Nectarine Diseases
A
Lecture To ToT trainees ( FFS)
By
Mr. Allah Dad Khan
Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK
MINFAL Pakistan

3. Peach Brown Rot
Symptoms Brown rot on fruit
 Brown rot, caused by the
fungus Monilinia fructicola, causes the
fruit to rot away while still on the tree. In
its last stages the fruit is entirely brown
and looks whithered and dried out. The
fungus can live in many temperatures
and climates, but it particularly loves
moist climates. The rot can also turn
flowers brown and cause new twigs to
die off.
 To prevent the spread, make sure to
clear away affected fruit, twigs or
flowers. Do not compost the remains,
as the fungus spores can live in
compost and spread to the rest of your
garden. A fungicide can also stop the
spread of the fungus. Good air
circulation and a drier enviornment also
helps prevent rot.

4. Peach Brown Rot
Symptoms of brown rot on
peach blossom
Symptoms of brown rot on
peach twigs and blossoms

5. Peach Brown Rot
Symptoms of brown rot on
fruits Brown rot on fruit

6. Peach Scab
Cladosporium carpophilum
Symptoms Scab on peach fruit
 Peach scab is caused by a fungus
called Cladosporium carpophilu. It
is most often found in warm, moist
and humid areas, such as in the
South. However, it can affect
peach trees worldwide. The fruit
will often crack and rot within those
cracks, without much affect to the
taste of the fruit. However, scab
makes it harder for the peach skins
to slip off during the canning
process.
 To prevent scab, use a chemical or
organic fungicide just as the
blossoms fall of the trees and for
the ensuing month. Pruning and
cleaning up fallen fruit and leaves
will also prevent the continued
spread.

7. Peach Scab
Scab symptoms on peach
twigs
Scab symptoms on peach
fruit

8. Peach Scab
Scab symptoms on peach
fruit
Scab symptoms on peach
fruit

9. Peach Powdery Mildew
Symptoms
 Powdery Mildew is caused
by the fungus
called Sphaerotheca
pannosa and affects both
garden plants and fruit trees.
Leaves often fall off or
develop abnormally,
eventually growing a white
fuzz. An entire harvest can
be ruined by mildew if left
unattended. Consider
purchasing tree varieties
that aren't susceptible to the
disease. Fungicide and
proper area maintenance
are also good preventative
practices.

10. Peach Leaf Curl
Symptoms Leaf curl on peach
 Leaf curl is a fungal
disease caused
by Traphrina deofrmans.
It causes defoliation and
crop loss in practically
every variety of peach
tree. Fungicide
application during the
fall after most of the
leaves have fallen or
before budding in spring
can stop the fungus.

11. Leaf curl
Peach leaf infected with leaf
curl Peach leaf curl symptoms

12. Peach Leaf Curl
Peach leaf curl symptoms on
young peach tree
Peach leaf curl symptoms on
foliage

13. Peach Leaf curl
Peach leaf curl symptoms
Peach leaf curl symptoms

14. Peach Bacterial canker
Pseudomonas syringae
Symptoms Canker on peach trunk
 Cankers on twigs at bases of flower and leaf buds, in
pruning wounds or at the base of spurs which exude
amber colored gum; cankers spread upwards and
form sunken areas in winter; if pathogen enters
dormant buds they may be killed or open normally in
Spring before collapsing in early Summer; infected
buds may be symptomless
 Cause
 Bacterium
 Comments
 Disease emergence favors high moisture and low
temperatures in the spring; young trees particularly
susceptible; trees grown in sandy soils that drain
poorly are also susceptible
 Management
 Ensure that a suitable peach variety and rootstock is
chosen based on geographic location and
environmental conditions to prevent stress to tree
which predisposes tree to canker disease; apply
protective copper spray to trees before flowering;
prune trees in early summer to decrease likelihood of
infection

15. Peach canker
Canker exuding gum on
infected peach tree
Peach tree with dark cankers
on bark

16. Canker on peach trunk
Canker on peach trunk
Canker on peach trunk (bark
peeled to show discoloration to
tissue underneath)

17. Bacterial spot
Xanthomonas campestris
Symptoms
Peach tree infected with
bacterial spot
 Water soaked, angular gray lesions on the underside
of the leaves which turn purple and necrotic in the
center and cause a shot hole appearance if lesion
center drops out; if lesions are present in high
numbers on leaves they may become chlorotic and
drop from tree; cankers develop on twigs either as
raised blisters or as a dark area surrounding a bud
that fails to open; in years of severe infection the
entire fruit crop may be lost; lesions on fruit begin as
small brown, water-soaked lesions which may exude
gum
 Cause
 Bacterium
 Comments
 Periods of frequent rainfall during late bloom and
early petal drop increase likelihood of fruit and leaf
infection; infection is rare during hot, dry weather
 Management
 Avoid planting susceptible peach varieties in areas
where disease is known; once disease is visible it
can be difficult to control, protective copper
applications in the Fall prior to leaf drop and/or
application in early growing season may help prevent
the disease; care should be taken as peach trees are
very sensitive to copper


18. Peach Bacterial Spot
Symptoms of bacterial spot on
peach leaves
Symptoms of bacterial spot on
peach leaves

19. Peach Bacterial Spot
Symptoms of bacterial spot on
peach leaf
Symptoms of bacterial spot on
peach fruit

20. Peach Crown gall
Agrobacterium spp
Symptoms Large gall on trunk of peach
tree
 Galls on roots and/or crown of tree which can range
in size from so small they are not visible to the naked
eye up to 10 cm (4 in) in diameter; galls first become
visible as white, fleshy swellings that grow rapidly
and become tan to brown in color; galls typically
develop at the site of a wound and new galls form
adjacent to old ones the next year
 Cause
 Bacterium
 Comments
 Infection with crown gall begins at the site of plant
wounds; disease emergence is favored by poorly-
drained, alkaline soils and previous feeding damage
by nematodes
 Management
 Chemical control of the disease is generally
ineffective; an effective bacterial biological control is
available for commercial production; cultural control
methods include: planting only certified, disease-free
material, planting peach in well-draining soil, rotating
infected fields with a non-host before peach is
planted and also using good sanitation practices

21. Crown Gall
Symptoms of crown gall on
trunk of peach tree Galls on roots of peach tree

22. Crown Gall
Crowm gall symptoms
Symptoms of crown gall on
trunk of peach tree

23. Crown Gall
Gall on peach tree Galls on peach roots

24. Peach Shot hole disease
Wilsonomyces carpophilus
Symptoms Shot hole lesions on peach
fruit
 Brown lesions with purple edge on
fruit, twigs and buds; holes in
leaves due to lesions which have
dried and dropped out; brown
lumps developing in the center of
lesion (visible with hand lens);
buds turning brown or black and
exuding sap; tan lesions with
brown margins which exude sap
on twigs
 Cause
 Fungus
 Comments
 Disease emergence favors wet,
windy conditions
 Management
 Application of Bordeaux mixture
before rains in Fall are sufficient to
protect dormant buds and twigs

25. Shot Hole
Shot hiole symptoms on peach
fruit
Shot hole lesions on peach
fruit

26. Peach Silver leaf disease
Chondrosterum pupureum
Symptoms
 Leaves have a silvery appearance; if
infection is severe the leaves may curl
upwards and become necrotic; death of
individual limbs or entire tree may occur;
fungal fruiting bodies appear on the surface
of the dead bark
 Cause
 Fungus
 Comments
 Pathogen is spread via spores released after
rainfall during periods of high humidity and
can enter trees through pruning wounds; risk
of infection is increased if tree is pruned
during late winter or early spring; trees also
susceptible when they are heavily pruned
 Management
 Control of silver leaf disease is difficult and
infection can be widespread after rainfall in
areas where the disease is present;
strategies to reduce the incidence of the
disease include: removing all plant debris
e.g. pruning waste, stumps, and logs; pruning
tree during dry periods and treating large
pruning wounds with fungicidal dressing

27. Phytophthora root and crown rot
Phytophthora spp.
 Peach tree showing symptoms of Phytophthora
infection

28. Peach Rust
Tranzschelia discolor
Symptoms
Rust spots on peach leaves
 Pale yellow-green spots on both upper
and lower leaf surfaces which are
angular in shape and turn bright yellow
in color; spots on lower leaf surface
develop orange-red spores
 Cause
 Fungus
 Comments
 Fungus overwinters in twigs or in
leaves which remain attached to the
tree
 Management
 Rust can be prevented by spraying
trees with protective fungicides;
application is usually carried out one,
two and three months before harvest in
areas prone to early season outbreaks
of the disease and after harvest in
areas where disease is less
problematic or emerges later in the
season

29. Peach Rust
Rust symptoms on peach
leaves
Rust symptoms on peach
leaves

30. Plum pox virus
Plum pox virus (PPV)
Symptoms Symptoms of plum pox on peach fruit
 First expanding leaves exhibit chlorotic
veinclearing and veinbanding; lamina
twisted and distorted; fruit show dark
rings, lines and spots; symptoms on
fruti may disappear on ripening; fruit
may be deformed
 Cause
 Virus
 Comments
 Virus is transmitted by aphids but most
common method of spread is diseased
plant material
 Management
 Plant certified healthy material; remove
infected trees from orchard; chemical
sprays to control aphids may prolong
spread of virus


31. Peach Fruittree leafroller
Archips argyrospila
Symptoms
Fruittree leafroller
 Leaves of plant rolled and tied together with
silk webbing; feeding damage to rolled
leaves; defoliation of plant; silk webbing may
also be present on fruits and fruits may have
substantial scarring from feeding damage;
larvae wriggle vigorously when disturbed and
may drop from plant on a silken thread
 Cause
 Insect
 Comments
 Only one generation of insect per year
 Management
 Monitor plants regularly for signs of
infestation; remove weeds from plant bases
as they can act as hosts for leafrollers; avoid
planting pepper in areas where sugarbeet or
alfalfa are grown nearby; Bacillus
thuringiensis or Entrust SC may be applied to
control insects on organically grown plants;
apply sprays carefully to ensure that
treatment reaches inside rolled leaves