A Presentation ByMr. Allah dad KhanVisiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar allahdad52@gmail.com

2. CULTIVATION AND CONSERVATION OF
MEDICINAL PLANTS THROUGH
CUMMINITY PARTISIPATION
CH. MUHAMMAD MUSLIM
MEDICINAL PLANTS BOTANIST
PAKISTAN FOREST INSTITUTE
PESHAWAR

3. OBJECTIVES
 Qualitative & quantitative survey of medicinal
plants & regeneration problems in the forest.
 Cultivation trials of medicinal & aromatic plants
for finding out agronomical data for
improvements of crops.
 To assess the demand & supply of herbal drug
plants in the market.
 To disseminate knowledge about the availability
of medicinal plants to interested public &
pharmaceutical industries.

4. Someone once said there are
only two types of fools: one
professes “this is old and
therefore good” and the other
says “This is new and
therefore better”
 Point: Use your scientific evaluations in
the matter, it is a matter of life or death!

5. Use of Medicinal Plants
 Use of medicinal plants developed from
informal experimentation and based on a
general familiarity with medicinal plants.
This knowledge was amassed via
experimentation over many generations
and was handed down orally from person
to person – often woman to woman in
traditional cultures.

6. Surveys
Qualitative
Surveys
Quantitative
Surveys

7. Qualitative surveys 1950-1964
The medicinal plant branch carried out
pioneer work on surveys of medicinal plants
to determine medicinal plants potential in
their natural habitats in different parts of
country since its inception

8. Survey of
Baluchistan:1950-52
Survey of Kuram
Agency:1952-54
Survey of Kalat:1954-
55

9. Survey of Northern areas, Azad
Jammu &Kashmir:1955-57
Survey of Tharparker:1957-58
Survey of Murree & Hazara Hill
Forests:1958-62
Survey of Swat State:1963-64

10. MEDICINAL PLANTS OF FOUR
PROVINCES
• Ephedra nebrodensis (Asmania),
Juniperus excelsa (Abhel),
Withania coagulans (Panir dodi),
Thymus serphyllum (Ban ajwain),
Prunus amygadalus (Badam
talkh), Berberis lycium (Darhald),
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Mulethi),
Bunium persicum (Kala zeera),
Perovskia abrotanoides (San
shob) and Zuffa officinalis (Zufa)
Baluchistan:

11. Sindh
Cassia angustifolia (Sanna),
Ricinus communis (Castor),
Commiphora mukul (Gugal),
Citrulus colocynthis (Hantal),
Cassia fistula (Amaltas) and
Rhazya stricta (Vena)

12. Punjab
Fumaria indica (Shatra), Cassia
absus (Chaksu), Adhatoda vasica
(Berg bansa), Datura alba (Datura),
Plantago ovata (Isabghol), Ricinus
communis (Castor), Abutilon indicum
(Pili buti), Solanum nigrum (Mako)
and Peganum hermala (Hermal)

13. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Artemisia maritima (Afsanteine),
Hyoscyamus niger (Ajwain khurasani),
Dioscorea deltoidea (Kanis), Valeriana
jatamansi (Mushk-bala), Berberis lycium
(Darhald), Atropa acuminata (Angoor-i-
shifa), Podophyllum hexandrum
(Bankakri), Aconitum heterophyllum
(Atees talkh), Bergenia ciliata (Zakham-i-
hayat) and Viola sepens (Banafsha)

14. NORTHERN AREAS AND AZAD
KASHMIR
Dioscorea deltoidea (Kanis), Saussurea costus
(Kuth), Atropa acuminata (Angoor-i-shifa),
Valeriana jatamansi (Mushk-bala), Aconitum
heterophyllum (Atees talkh), Datura stramonium
(Datura), Colchicum luteum (Suranjan-e-talkh),
Ferula sp. (Hing), Rheum emodi (Revand chini),
Podophyllum emodi(Bankakri), Viola serpens
(Banafsha), Gentiana kurroo (Nilkant), Lavatera
kashmiriana (Resha khatmi) and Swertia chirata
(Chirata)

15. Plants being used by various system of medicines

16. Distribution of medicinal plants by habits

17. Distribution of medicinal plants by families

18. Break up of medicinal plant by their parts utilized

20. MANAGEMENT OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS
S # Group – A Group – B
Long duration plants of higher
elevations (2000– 3000m)
Short duration plants of lower
elevation and plains (Up to 1000m)
1. Dioscorea deltoidea
(Kanis)
Plantago ovata
(Ispaghol)
2. Podophyllum emodi
(Bankakri)
Carum copticum
(Ajwain)
3. Aconitum heterophyllum
(Atis)
Nigella sativa
(Kalonji)
4. Valeriana wallichii
(Mushkbala)
Foeniculum vulgare
(Sonf)
5. Berberis lycium
(Darhald)
Psoralea corylifolia
(Babchi)

57. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants

58. Atropa acuminata
 Local name : Angoor-i-shifa
 Family : Solanaceae
 Status : Herb
 Medicinal uses:
The leaves and roots are used as sedative,
antispasmodic and narcotic. The dried leaves
are smoked as an antispasmodic. It is usually an
important constituent of preparations
rheumatism and inflammations as of the breast.

59. Atropa acuminata

60. Atropa acuminata

61. Atropa acuminata

62. Seed germination studies on Atropa acuminata at PFI, Peshawar
Soil media Percentage germination
Soil, sand & manure (33% each) 44
Soil & manure (50% each) 36
Sand & manure (50% each) 38
Source: Sharan (elevation 2800m)
Exp. Design RCB Design
Replications 3
5 gm sample 8 berries
Average number of seed (5gm) 2081
Size of Petri dish 15cm diameter
Seed sown in each Petri dish 100
Temperature 13-300C
Date of sowing October 2003.
Seed germination started after 40 days & took 27 days for
complete germination

63. Germination of treated & untreated seeds under field conditions
 To increase the %age of germination & to reduce log time taken for
germination, seeds were treated with 200ppm gibberellic acid for 30
minutes.
 Seed started germination after 20 days as compared to untreated seeds
which took 42 days.
Treatment
Date of
sowing
No. of days
taken for
initiation of
germination
No. of days
taken for
complete
germination
Germination
%
Untreated seed 5.10.2003 42 143 53
Seed soaked in
200ppm GA for
30 minutes
27.11.2003 22 98 93

64. Experiments to test the effect of application of NPK (i) N 150+P60+K30 kg/ha
(ii) N200+P90+K60 kg/ha & to determine the effect of various spacings
(45x30, 45x45, 60x45, 60x60cm) on the growth, leaves & root yield of A.
acuminata at kuzagali.
Fertilizer having NPK in two
combinations
F1 N150+P60+K30 kg/ha
F2 N200+P90+K60 kg/ha
Spacings (cm) 45x30, 45x45, 60x45, 60x60
Exp. Design Split plot design
Replications 4
Plot size 12m2
Total seedlings 1496
Date of sowing April, 2003

65. Mean fresh leaves yield of A. acuminata (kg/plot 12m2) as affected by
cultural & fertilizer trials
Fertilizer treatment Spacing (cm) Fertilizer mean
45x30 45x45 60x45 60x60
F1 0.67 0.57 0.58 0.34 0.54
F2 0.79 0.65 0.60 0.46 0.62
Spacing mean 0.75 0.61 0.56 0.40
Results indicated that plants spaced at 45x30 &45x45cm resulted in a
significant increase in yeild of leaves (2.79 & 2.64 kg/plot) or 2.33 & 2.20
tonnes/ha per annum respectively as compared to wider spacings 60x45 &
60x60cm (2.10 & 1.94 kg/plot) or 1.75 & 1.62 tonnes/ha per annum.
Application of split doses of NPK (N200, P90 & K60 kg/ha) gave higher
yield of fresh leaves (2.49kg/plot) or 2.08 tonnes/ha per annum as
compared to lower doses of NPK fertilizer, i.e., N150, P60 &K30 kg/ha(2.24
kg/plot) or 1.87 tonnes/ha per annum.

66. Mean fresh root yield (kg/plot) as affected by various
spacing & fertilizer treatments
Fertilizer treatment Spacing (cm) Fertilizer mean
45x30 45x45 60x45 60x60
F1 3.38 2.82 2.41 2.26 2.72
F2 3.75 3.15 2.81 2.46 3.04
Spacing mean 3.57 2.98 2.61 2.36
Yield results indicated that higher root yield was obtained in plants
spaced at 45x30cm as compare to other spacing. Application of split
doses of NPK (N200, P90, K60) gave higher yield of roots as compared
to lower doses of NPK (N150, P60, K30).

67. Recommendations
 Fresh leaves yield was low during first year but it
increased with the duration of time from second to third
year growth. Root took 3 years growth period to attain
commercial size for harvesting & utilization.
 The regeneration percentage of A. acuminata plant
ranged from 40-66% as observed in various
experiments.

68. Colchicum luteum
 Local name : Suranjan-talkh
 Family : Colchicaceae
 Status : Herb
 Medicinal uses:
The corms are used as carminative, laxative
and aphrodisiac. It is also given in gout,
diseases of liver and spleen. The corms are
also employed as an external application for
lessening inflammation and pain.

69. Colchicum luteum

70. Colchicum luteum

71. Effect of planting different portions of corms (Daughter, Mother &
Full corms) of Colchicum luteum on the regeneration of corms at
Peshawar.
Treatments
 Source: Abbottabad
 Portion of corm: Daughter, Mother & Full corm
 Mode of planting: Ridges
 Plot size: 32m2
 Plant to Plant distance: 15cm
 Row to Row distance: 30cm
 Replications: 5
 Number of rows: 10
 Layout: RCB Design
 Date of sowing: 26thFebruary, 2004.

72. Mean sprouting percentage in T1 (Daughter) 103.2, T2 (Full) 73.4 and T3
(Mother) 60.0 was recorded respectively. Highly significant differences
were observed in mean sprouting of treatments T1 (Daughter), T2 (Full)
and T3 (Mother) respectively. Therefore T1 (Daughter) corms are more
suitable for cultivation of corms of C. luteum.
Regeneration of Colchicum luteum (sprouts out of 250 corms) recorded on
February 28, 2004.
Replications T1 (Daughter) T2 (Full) T3 (Mother) Total
R1 109 80 55 244
R2 120 63 59 242
R3 105 75 65 245
R4 89 70 59 218
R5 93 79 62 234
Total 516 367 300 1183
Mean 103.2 73.4 60.0
Sprouting % 41.28 29.36 24.0

73. Dioscorea deltoidea
 Local name : Kanis, kildri
 Family : Dioscoreaceae
 Status : Herb
 Medicinal uses:
 The tubers are employed in the treatment of
bilious colic and as a diuretic and expectorant.
They are also used to kill lice and fish poison.
The tubers are a very good source of diosgenin
which is a starting material for hormone
preparation.

74. Dioscorea deltoidea

75. Dioscorea deltoidea

76. Dioscorea deltoidea

77. Comparative studies on the performance of Dioscorea deltoidea
rhizomes collected from different ecological zones i.e., Kaghan, Murree
& Galliat areas for their growth & yield of rhizomes.
Source: Murree, Galliat & Kaghan
Plat size: 30m2
Experimental Design: RCB
Replications: 6
Plant to plant distance: 30 cm
Row to row distance: 45 cm
Rhizome weight: 25gm
Date of sowing: 2000-06

78. Comparative studies on the performance of Dioscorea deltoidea
rhizomes collected from different ecological zones i.e., Kaghan,
Murree & Galliat areas for their growth & yield of rhizomes.
Source 3 Years growth 6 Years growth
Galliat 6.60 8.54
Murree 6.27 8.52
Kaghan 5.45 7.62
Comparative mean yield of D. deltoidea (kg/plot)
Yield results indicate that Galliat source gave higher rhizome yield (8.54
kg/plot) followed by Murree (8.52 kg/plot) & Kaghan (7.62 kg/plot) after 6
years growth. These results showed yield result of 3 years and yield of
rhizomes increased with duration of time.

79. Recommendations
 Galliat source gave better regeneration
percentage and higher yield of rhizomes as
compared to other sources and is suitable for
planting for regeneration purposes.

80. Podophyllum emodi
 Local name : Bankakri
 Family : Berberidaceae
 Status : Small erect herb
 Medicinal uses:
 The seed are demulcent, stimulant and
nervine tonic. The oil is slightly laxative.
The cake left after extraction of the fixed
oil is used in cases of diabetes. Burnt shell
of almond is used as a tooth-powder.

81. Podophyllum emodi

82. Podophyllum emodi

83. Podophyllum emodi

84. Podophyllum emodi

85. Studies to judge the effect of planting different aged
rhizomes (1 year, 2 years, 3 years & full) on sprouting,
growth & yield of P. emodi rhizomes harvested after 4
years growth at Thandiani.
Source: Thandiani
Treatments 1 year, 2 years, 3 years & full
Plot size 6m2
Exp. Design Split plot Design
Replications 4
Total rhizomes planted 39
Spacing 30x60cm
Date of sowing October 2002.

86. Ages of rhizomes planted
(in years)
Replications
Mean
1 2 3 4
1 0.49 0.46 0.41 0.45 0.45
2 0.56 0.54 0.50 0.46 0.51
3 0.73 0.65 1.52 0.64 0.63
Full 0.77 0.74 0.61 0.68 0.69
Mean fresh yield of rhizomes of P. emodi as affected by planting
various aged rhizomes harvested after 4 years growth (kg/plot)

87. Recommendations
 Planting of 2 bud portion (2 years old stock) gave large
number of propagule then planting of full, 1 & 3 years
rhizomes.
 Two buds portion would be economical to provide more
number of plants and higher yield can be obtained after
8-10 years growth.
 Podophyllum rhizomes are slow growing and takes 8-10
years for attaining commercial size for harvesting,
therefore, a rotation period of 10 years is recommended
for exploitation of rhizomes.

88. Saussurea lappa
 Local name : Kuth
 Family : Compositae
 Status : Herb
 Medicinal uses:
Dried roots are aromatic, tonic, stomachic,
carminative, stimulant and useful in asthma,
cough, fever, chest problems and cholera. It is
also used skin diseases and rheumatism. It has
also antiseptic and disinfectant properties. The
root has been much priced as an aromatic
substance.

89. Saussurea lappa

90. Saussurea lappa

91. Saussurea lappa

92. Germination studies on Saussurea lappa at PFI, Peshawar.
Source: Azad Kashmir
Exp. Design RCB Design
Replications 4
Ten random samples 5gm each 5gm (number of seeds 336)
Two samples treated 200ppm, 100ppm GA (30 minutes)
Third sample Chilling at 0oC (48 hours)
Fourth sample Control
Total tubes sown 1600
Date of sowing January 2000.

93. Seed germination of S. lappa in various treatments under field conditions
Treatment No. of days taken
for initiation of
germination
No. of days taken
for complete
germination
Seed
germination %
Control 35 65 60
Chilling 21 50 89
200ppm GA 14 40 97
100ppm GA 14 40 91
Maximum germination (97%) was obtained with 200ppm GA followed by
100ppm (91%) & chilling treatment (89%) against control (60).GA
treatment also reduced germination initiation time to 14 days as
compared to control which took 35 days. Similarly chilling also reduced
initiation time to 21 days.

94. Introduction & adaptability studies on S. lappa to judge the effect of
various spacings on the growth & root yield harvested after 3 & 5 years
growth at Thandiani.
Source: Shardah Forest Division, AJK
Exp. Design RCB Design
Replications 4
Plot size 15m2 (16 plots)
Total seedlings planted 1200
Date of sowing April, 2000
Treatment
Spacing (cm)
2003
3 years growth
2005
5 years growth
45x30 0.84 1.49
45x45 0.58 1.01
60x30 0.76 1.27
60x60 0.47 0.78
Mean 0.66 1.14
Mean fresh yield of S. lappa (kg/plot) as affected by various spacing treatments

95. Recommendations
 S. lappa plants being perennial requires at least
5 years growth period for development of good
size roots for commercial exploitation, therefore
a rotation of five years may be fixed for its
harvesting and better regeneration in its natural
habitat.
 A spacing of 60x30cm is suitable for artificial
planting in areas where the plants are scarce.

96. 2. Study of medicinal plants among weeds of
wheat
and maize in Peshawar region.
Objectives:
 To identify the weeds of medicinal importance.
 To determine the main constituents & beneficial importance of
weeds.
Study Period: 2010-12
Locations of study:
 Palosi (Peshawar)
 Mardan
 Swabi
 The study is under progress.
1. Survey of drug markets of Peshawar.

97. Silybum marianum
Family: Asteraceae
English name: Milk thistle
Locality: Wheat field of Malakandher
Part used: Whole herb root,
leaves, seeds.
Medicinal value: Seeds are used in jaundice.

98. Silybum marianum

99. Melilotus indica
Family: Fabaceae
Common names:Senji (Urdu), Levanai (Pushto),
India clover (English)
Locality: Wheat Field Malakandher
Part used: Whole plant, Seeds
Medicinal value: Externally applied as poultice or
plaster for swellings. Seeds are
used in bowel complaints and
diarrhea.
Local uses: Used against skin diseases.

100. Melilotus indica

101. Euphorbia helioscopia
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Common names:Mandaroo (Pushto), Zahar booti
(Punjabi), Cat's milk
(English.)
Locality: Wheat field Malakandher
Part used: Shoot, leaf, root.
Medicinal value: Seeds with pepper given in
cholera. Milky juice applied to
eruptions.
Local uses: Used in skin diseases.

102. Euphorbia helioscopia

103. Fumaria indica
Family: Fumariaceae
Names: Papra (Pushto), Shahtra (Urdu),
Fumitory (English)
Locality: Wheat field of Malakander.
Part used: Whole plant.
Medicinal value:
Plant is used as aperients,
diaphoretic and diuretic.

104. Fumaria indica

105. Production of Medicinal Herbs in Collaboration
with Private Sector (PMHPS) Project.
Duration: Five years (60 months)
Commencement date: 1st July 2006
Termination date: 30th June 2011
Sponsoring agency: MinFAL, Islamabad
Staff: Research Assistant (1)
Forester (1)
Driver (1)
Objectives:
 To develop research based package of agro-technology to comply
WHO guidelines on Good Agriculture, Collection and Processing
Practices (GACP).
 Multiplication of registered seed and propagation materials on farmer’s
field.
 Promotion of commercially important medicinal herbs in earthquake hit
areas.
 Survey of crude herbal drug markets of Pakistan to determine supply
and demand position of crude drugs of vegetable origin.

106. Cultivation of important economic and medicinal plants
Name of crops
Sowing
time
Germination
time
R to R
spacing
(cm)
Estimated
flowering
time
Harvesting
time
Estimated
Yield/ ha.
(kg)
Income
Rs.000
Nigella sativa
(Kalongi)
October 15 days 30 March April-May 550-650 60-70
Linum
Usitatissimum (Alsi)
October
November
8 days 30 February -do- 700-800 30-40
Carum copticum
(Ajwain)
October 12 days 36 March May 500-550 30-35
Foeniculum
vulgare (Sonf)
October 8-10 days 30-45 March April-May 800-900 50-60
Lallementia
royleana
(Tukhm-i-balanga)
September
October
10-12 days 30 February April 450-600 70-80
Plantago ovata
(Isabghol)
September
October
6 days 15-20 February
March-
April
450-500 40-45

107. Studies to test the effect of various row-to-row spacing
on the seed yield of Carum copticum at PFI, Peshawar.
Objectives: Standardization of suitable row-to-row
spacing for getting higher seed yield.
Material and methods:
Seed source: Peshawar
 Plot size: 20 m2
 Row to row distance: Broadcasting, 24, 36 and 48 cm
 Replications: 4
 Layout: RCB Design
 Date of sowing: 14th October, 2008.

108. Row to row spacing (cm)
BC 24 36 48
0.561 0.794 1.246 0.866
0.403 0.545 0.610 0.489
0.231 0.325 0.375 0.374
0.245 0.218 0.318 0.324
Mean 0.360 0.470 0.637 0.513
Results achieved indicated that row-to-row spacing of 36 cm resulted in
a significant increase in the seed yield (318.5 kg/ac) as compared to 48,
24 cm and broadcasting (256, 235, 180 kg/ac) respectively. No
significant difference was observed in the mean seed yield of 48 and
24cm row to row spacing and both spacing proved superior over
broadcasting.

109. Bio-Trace spray on Carum copticum at PFI, Farm

110. Fertilizer trials on Nigella sativa crop at PFI, Peshawar.
Objectives:
 Determination of appropriate dose of nitrophos fertilizer in order to
get optimum seed yield.
Material and methods:
Seed source: Peshawar.
Plot size: 20 m2
Row-to-Row distance: 30cm
Replications: 4
Layout: RCB Design
Date of sowing: 4th October 2008.
Number of rows: 12
Doses of Nitrophos fertilizer (kg/ac): 0, 50, 75 and 100.

111. Doses of nitrophos fertilizer (kg/plot)
0
50 75 100
1.736 2.534 3.123 3.012
0.643 1.990 2.128 2.420
Mean 1.189 2.262 2.625 2.716
The application of split doses of nitrophos fertilizer @ 100 kg/ac
gave higher seed yield (1099 kg/ac) as compared to 75 kg
nitrophos fertilizer/ac (1062 kg/ac) and control (481.37 kg/ac).
There was no significant difference in the mean seed yield of 75
and 100 kg nitrophos/ac as both doses were mutually alike.

112. Nigella sativa

114. Cultural and fertilizer trials on Linum usitatissimum at PFI,
Peshawar
Objectives:
 To find out water requirement (6 v 3 irrigation) and application of
different doses of nitrophos fertilizer on the seed yield.
Materials and methods:
Seed source: PFI, Farm
Plot size: 30 m2
Row to row distance: 30 cm
Replications: 4
Layout: split plot design
Date of sowing: 9th October 2008
Number of rows: 10
Irrigation interval: fortnightly vs. 3 weeks
Doses of nitrophos
Fertilizer (Kg/ac): 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg

115. Doses of nitrophos fertilizer (kg/plot)
Irrigation
number
0 50 100 150
6 0.836 1.300 1.600 1.340
3 0.673 0.793 0.873 0.825
Pooled mean for
fertilizer
0.754 1.046 1.236 1.082
Linum crop showed good response to the higher number of
irrigations 6 (fortnightly) as compared to 3 irrigation (3 weeks).
The application of split doses of nitrophos fertilizer @100 kg/ac
gave higher seed yield (500.40 kg/ac) as compared to 50 kg
nitrophos fertilizer/ ac (423.48 kg/ac) and control (305.26 kg/ac).
There was no significant difference in the mean seed yield of
100 and 150 kg nitrophos/ac as both doses were mutually alike.

117. Experimental plot of Linum usitatissimum at
PFI, Farm

119. Fertilizer trials on Foeniculum vulgare crop at (Bachai) Swabi
Objectives:
 Determination of appropriate dose of nitrophos fertilizer in order to
get optimum seed yield.
Material and methods:
Seed source: Bara.
Plot size: 20m2
Row-to-Row distance: 45cm
Replications: 4
Layout: RCBD
Date of sowing: 18th October 2008.
Number of rows: 10
Doses of Nitrophos
fertilizer (kg/ac): 0, 50, 75 and 100.

120. Cultivation of sonf at Bachai (Swabi)

121. Foenicullum vulgare

122. Foenicullum vulgare (sonf) plot at Bachai (Swabi)

123. Cultivation and yield trials of Matricaria chamomilla (gul-i-
baboona) to standardize its cultivation technology
Objectives:
To standardize its cultural requirement and economic feasibility
under Peshawar climatic conditions
Material and methods:
Seed source: Swat
Plot size: 20m2
Replications: 4
Layout: RCBD
Plant to plant distance: 4cm
Date of sowing: 20th October 2008.
Number of rows: 10
Treatment: (20, 30, 40 cm and conventional broadcasting)

124. Effect of various row to row spacing on the flower yield in kg/plot (20 m2).
Row spacing (cm)
Replication Broadcasting 20 30 40
1 2.000 4.000 5.800 1.800
2 2.010 5.200 5.000 2.000
3 1.990 2.900 4.120 5.010
4 2.220 4.400 6.000 4.000
Mean 2.055 4.125 5.230 3.202
A row to row spacing of 30 cm gave higher yield of fresh flower
heads (5.23) as compared to broadcasting (2.05), 40 spacing cm
(3.20) and 20 cm spacing (4.12) kg/plot respectively.

125. Matricaria chamomilla

126. Matricaria chamomilla

127. Introduction of Glycyrrhiza glabra plantation at
Medicinal Plants Farm, PFI, Peshawar.
Common name:
Mulathi
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Mulaithi) roots were collected from
Mastooj and garam chashma (Chitral) during 2005-06. Six
hundred root cuttings were cultivated at Medicinal Plants
Farm, Peshawar in September 2005-06.
Part used:
Roots.
Area:
1 Kanal
Uses:
Expectorant, cough, jaundice, kidney stones, water-extract
contains glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhizin, useful in anti-allergic
diseases. 50 times sweeter than cane sugar.

128. Glycyrrhiza glabra at PFI, Peshawar

129. Glycyrrhiza glabra (Mulathi)
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Roots)

130. Studies to compare the yield of two strains of turmeric
(Curcuma domestica) at Mardan.
Common name:
Haldi
Area:
4 Kanal
Part used:
Rhizome.
Uses:
Anti-Cancer, Anti-HIV, healing property, Hypo-
cholestrolmic, Diabetes, Carminative, aromatic,
tonic, blood purifier.

131. Studies to compare the yield of two strains of turmeric
(Curcuma domestica) at Mardan
Strains of turmeric:
 Bannu
 Changa-Manga
Plat size: 34m2
Experimental Design: LSD
Replications: Four
Plant to plant distance: 25 cm
Row to row distance: 30 cm
Rhizome size: 4-5 cm
Date of sowing: March, 2009.

132. Studies to compare the yield of two strains of turmeric
(Curcuma domestica) at Mardan
Strains Yield (Kg/ha)
Bannu 4150
Changa-Manga 4370
 5 kg rhizomes of turmeric were given for
chemical analysis to Dr. Javed Abbas Bangash
of PCSIR laboratories, Peshawar.

133. Performance of Curcuma domestica (Haldi) at
Mardan

134. Curcuma domestica

135. Curcuma domestica

136. Performance of Curcuma domestica (Haldi) at
Mardan

137. Zingiber officinale (Adrak)

138. Zingiber officinale (Adrak)

139. Adrak at Peshawar

140. Comparative study of two sources of Rosa
damascena for flower production at PFI,
Peshawar.
Rosa damascena (Desi gulab)
Source:
 Kalar Kahar
 Peshawar
Plot size: 48m2
Row to row distance: 1m
Plant to plant distance: 30cm
Date of sowing: 25-01-2010
Number of cuttings/plot: 70
Total number of cuttings: 560
Experimental design: LSD

141. Rosa damascena

142. Studies to test the effect of different doses of nitrophos fertilizer
on the growth and seed yield of Plantago ovata at D.I.Khan
Objectives:
 Determination of appropriate dose of nitrophos fertilizer in order to
get optimum seed yield.
Material and methods:
Seed source: D.I.Khan
Plot size: 20m2
Row-to-Row distance: 45cm
Replications: 5
Layout: RCBD
Date of sowing: 18th October 2008.
Number of rows: 10
Doses of Nitrophos
fertilizer (kg/ac): 0, 50, 75 and 100.

143. Effect of different doses of nitrophos fertilizer on seed yield of Plantago ovata
Doses of nitrophos (kg/ac) Mean yield in kg/ac
0 176
50 195
75 259
100 268
Application of split doses of nitrophos at the rate of 100 and 75
kg/ha resulted in a significant increase in the seed yield (268 and
259 kg/ac) respectively as compared to 50 kg nitrophos/ac (195
kg/ac) and control treatments (176 kg/ac).

144. Plantago ovata (Isabghol)

145. PLANTAGO MAJOR (JANGLI-ISABGHOL)

146. Survey of Plantago ovata (isabghol) in District Bhawalpur
 Survey of Plantago ovata (Isabghol) cultivation,
harvesting, processing and trading was carried
out in Haroonabad, Hasilpur, Cheshtian,
Dharanwala and Multan under the direction of
Dr. Muhammad Aslam Gill, Project Director,
PMHPS Project.

147. Land holding capacity of farmers who are growing Plantago ovata
S # Total area (Acres) Number of farmers in this group
1 25-50 10%
2 11-20 15%
3 5-10 75%
From the data in the above table, it is evident that land holding
size (5-10) is the largest (75%).
Tenure status of sampled farms
Stratum Owner (%) Tenant (%) Tenant-cum-owner
All areas 93.9 5.8 0.3
93.9% of the sampled farms are owner operated, 5.8% tenant operated
and the remaining 0.3% are the tenant-cum-owner operated.

148. Isabghol processing unit

149. Isabghol processing unit

150. Isabghol processing unit

151. Isabghol processing unit

152. (Interview) isabghol grower

153. Isabghol processing unit

155. Constraints associated with the processing of medicinal plants
 Poor agricultural practices
 Poor harvesting and post-harvest treatment practices
 Lack of research on development of high-yielding varieties,
domestication etc.
 Poor propagation methods
 Inefficient processing techniques leading to low yields and poor quality
products
 Poor quality control procedures
 High energy losses due to processing
 Lack of current good manufacturing practices
 Difficulties in marketing
 Lack of local market for primary processed products
 Lack of trained personnel and equipments
 Lack of facilities to fabricate equipment locally
 Lack of access to latest technologies and market information

157. Training at Haripur

166. MENTHA LONGIFOLIA (JANGLI PUDINA)

167. PAEONIA EMODI (MAMEKH)

168. ASPARAGUS ADSCENDENS (MUSLI-SUFAID)

169. Linum & Nigella sativa at D.I.Khan

170. SAUSSUREA COSTUS (KUTH-THALKH)

171. RHEUM EMOLDI (REVAND-CHINI)

172. PAEONIA EMODI (Mamekh) ATROPA ACUMINATA (Angoor-i-shifa)

173. ii. Vulnerable species
Berberis lycium (Kashmal)
Corydalis govaiana (Mamiri)
Bergenia ciliata (Zakham-i-Hayat)
Jurnea macrocephala (Gugal
dhoop)
Heracleum candicans (Kamur)
iii. Extinct species
Elaeganus hortensis (Singli)
Saussurea costus (Kuth)
S. sacra (Jogibadshah)
Onasma bracteatum (Gaozaban)
Corydalis govaiana (Mamiri)

174. iv. Rare species
Achilles mille folium (Monandu)
Aconitum heterophyllum (Atees)
A. chasmenthum (Patrees)
Lavetera kashmiriana (Resha khatmi)
Rheum emodi (Revand chini)
Viola serpens (Banafsha)
Swertia chirata (Chirata)
Angelica glauca (Chora)
Zanthoxylum armatum (Timar)
Achilles millefolium (Monandu)

175. Digitalis lanata
(Berg-al-azra)
Saussurea lappa
(Kuth)

176. Colchicum luteum
(Suranjan-thalkh)
Bauhinia variegata
(Kachnar)

177. Polygonum amplexicaule
(Anjabar)
Dioscorea deltoidea
(Kanis)

178. Podophyllum emodi
(Bankakri)
Valeriana wallichii
(Mushkbala)

179. Acorus calamus (Sakha-waja)

180. Digitalis lanata and D. purpurea

181. Lavatera kashmiriana

182. Valeriana wallichii

183. Trees of medicinal value
Emblica officinalis
(Amla)
Sapindus mukorrossi
(Ritha)

184. Aesculus indica Neem

185. Aesculus indica Neem

186. Kachnar

203. WHAT MEASURES CAN BE DONE FOR THE
CONSERVATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS????
• Law Enforcement to Protect The Forest
 • Reforestation
 • Rangeland Management
 • Land Reforms
 • Awareness Raising
 • Capacity building of local people
 – Collection, Cultivation, Processing and
 Marketing of Medicinal Plants
 • Linkage of collectors with Market
 – Industries (Pharmaceutical and Herbal)
 Dealers

204. Seed Collection
 Seeds of Atropa accuminata, Saussurea
lappa, Podophylum emodi, Asparagus
adscendens, Saxifrage ciliate and
Fagopyrum esculentum were collected
from Swat, Gilgit Baltistan, Neelam Valley
and Jehlum Valley

205. To Judge The Effect Of GA On
The Seed Germination Of
Saussurea lappa,
 Date of Sowing;
 Treatment ; Control,
 200 ppm
 500 ppm
 Replication ; 3
 Design ; RCBD

207. Evaluation Of Different
Provinance of Saussurea leppa
 Provinance ; Nellum Valley,
Leepa Valley and
Kaghan
Design; RCBD

208. To judge the effect of IAA on the
seed germination of Atropa
accuminta.
 Treatments ; Control, 500 ppm,
 1000 ppm
 Source ; Thandayani
 Replication ; 4
 Design ; RCBD
 Date Of Sowing ;

210. To judge the effect of G.A on
the seed germination of
Paeonia emodi
 Treatments ; Control, 200 ppm and
 300 ppm
 Source ; Mianadam
 Replication ; 4
 Design ; RCBD
 Date Of Sowing ;

211. Nursery of Paeonia emodi

212. Demonstration Plots
 Demonstration plots of Linum usitatisimum at
Akbar Pura, Medicinal Plant Farm Peshawar
and Haripur

213. Demonstration plots of Nigella sativa at
Akbar Pura, Medicinal Plant Farm Peshawar
and Haripur

214. Screening of the provenance of
Linum Seed
Date of sowing; 15-11-2012
Provenance; Peshawar, A.Pura
D.I.Khan
Replication; 3
Design; RCBD

216. Screening of the provenance of
Nigella sativa Seed
Date of sowing; 06-10-2012
Provenance; Peshawar, Swabi and
D.I.Khan
Replication; 3
Design; RCBD

217. Technology package
demonstration plot of Nigella
sativa
Date of sowing; 11-10-2012
Provenance; PFI Peshawar, A.Pura,
Harripur and NIFA
Replication; 3
Design; RCBD

218. Demo Plot of Nigella sativa

219. Production technology of
Foenicullum vulgare
 Plot size: 20m2
 Row to Row distance: 50cm
 Replication: 4
 Design: RCB
 Date of Sowing: 11 Oct, 2012

220. Demo Plot of Foenicullum
vulgare

221. Demonstration plot of Mulathi

222. Ex-situ conservation
 Nursery of Atropa accuminata, Saussurea
lappa, Podophylum emodi, Asparagus
adscendens, Saxifrage ciliate and
Fagopyrum esculentum raised in
Lathhouse at medicinal plant farm for
transplantation in Kuza Galli and Bhurban

224. In-Situ Conservation
KUZA GALLI FARM:
Fencing and Construction of Path
(Upstairs) to Farm

226. Kuza Gali
 Established conservation area of
Endangered medicinal plants

227. Demonstration Plots of
Podophylum emodi, Atropa
accuminata and Saxifraga ciliata at
Kuza Galli

228. Bhurban
 Demonstration Plots of Saxifrage ciliate
and Asparagus adscendens


229. Survey
 Drug market survey of medicinal plants of
Swat to asses the demand and supply.
 Ethnobotanical survey of Swat is under
progress.
 Ethnobotanical survey of Galliat forest
division is under progress.

233. Collection of Germ Plasm From
Swat For Cultivation

234. Germ Plasm

235. Germ Plasm

236. Anjibar Growing At Peshawar
Farm

240. Growing Nursery of Moringa
olefera

242. Tribulus terrestris (Markundi)

243. Peganum harmala (Spelanay)

244. Briefing to secretary
environment about activity of
the project

246. Pena flex For Public Awareness

247. ESTABLISMENT OF LATH
HOUSE

248. Establishment of QURANIC
garden

249. Publications

250. Publications

251. Publications

252. Publications

253. Publications

254. Descriptors of Variety Registeration

255. Descriptor of Variety Registeration of Flax

257. Thanks