Henry Lewis Stimson was an American statesman who served as Secretary of War under Republican presidents and Secretary of State under a Republican president. As Secretary of State, he articulated the Stimson Doctrine in 1931, which announced American opposition to Japanese expansion in Asia and said the US would not recognize territorial gains made through illegal aggression. The Stimson Doctrine supported the idea that legal rights cannot be obtained through illegal actions like using force. NATO eventually took on a leading role in Afghanistan beginning in 2003 to train Afghan security forces after the US invasion in response to 9/11, transferring full security responsibility to Afghanistan in 2014. The US also invaded Iraq in 2003 over issues related to weapons of mass destruction, though weapons inspectors said cooperation was

1. Henry Lewis Stimson:
Henry Lewis Stimson (September 21, 1867 – October 20,
1950) was born in New York. He was an American statesman,
He serve country as lawyer, politician and spokesman on
foreign policy. He served as Secretary of War (1911–1913)
under Republican Party, and as Governor-General of the
Philippines (1927–1929). As Secretary of State (1929–1933)
under Republican Party, he articulated the Stimson
Doctrine which announced American opposition to Japanese
expansion in Asia. He again served as Secretary of War (1940–
1945) under Democrats party and was leading a war against
Germany.
Stimson Doctrine:
In 1931, when Japan invaded Manchuria (a region within China
and Russia), Stimson, as secretary of state, came up with
"Stimson Doctrine." It said not any illegal aggression would
ever be recognized by the United States. Japan ignored it.
Now, according to Stimson, the wheels of justice had turned
and the "peace-loving" nations (as Stimson called them) had
the chance to punish Japan's misdeeds in a manner that would
warn aggressor nations never again to invade their neighbours.
Doctrine of non recognition means to not grant recognition to
the new entities to do any illegal actions such as using force.
Stimson Doctrine supported that any legal rights cannot be
obtain from an illegal action.
NATO in Afghanistan:
The 2001–14 phase of the war in Afghanistan was the period in
which the United States invaded the country after the
September 11 attacks in New York, supported initially by close

2. allies. As Stimson Doctrine of non recognition stated that no
one can demand for legal rights by doing illegal action such as
terrorist activities. So, then In August 2003 North Atlantic treaty
Organization (NATO) eventually involved and take the steering
of ISAF(International Security Assistance Force) which main
purpose to train ANSF(Afghan National Security Forces) and to
assist Afghanistan to rebuilding key government institutions. At
the Bonn Conference in December 2001, Hamid Karzai was
selected to head the Afghan Interim Administration
NATO assumed leadership of ISAF, with troops from 43
countries. NATO members provided the core of the force. One
portion of U.S. forces in Afghanistan operated under NATO
command; the rest remained under direct U.S. command. On
28 December 2014, NATO formally ended combat operations in
Afghanistan and transferred full security responsibility to the
Afghan government, via a ceremony in Kabul.
US Forces in Iraq:
Stimson said Japan example for those nations who want to
invade their neighbours. But the Iraq War was a protracted
armed conflict that began with the 2003 invasion of Iraq led by
the United States. The invasion toppled the government
of Saddam Hussein. U.S. officials accused Saddam for
supporting Al-Qaeda. The issue of Iraq's disarmament reached
a turning point in 2002–2003, when President Bush demanded
a complete end to alleged Iraqi production of weapons of mass
destruction and full compliance with U.N. Security Council
Resolutions requiring U.N. weapons inspectors unfettered
access to suspected weapons production facilities. The U.N.
had prohibited Iraq from developing or possessing such

3. weapons after the Persian Gulf War and required Iraq to permit
inspections confirming compliance. Shortly before the
invasion, Hans Blix, the lead weapons inspector, advised
the U.N. Security Council that Iraq was cooperating with
inspections and the confirmation of disarmament through
inspections could be achieved quickly if Iraq remained
cooperative.
Anyhow the invasion began on 20 March 2003. The U.S.,
joined by the United Kingdom and several coalition allies,
launched a surprise attack without declaring war. Many
countries including UN opposed this war. As a result after more
than a decade Iraq’s security situation remains volatile, even as
the situation improves gradually in critical parts of the country.
Violence still flares in Baghdad, in Sunni-dominant provinces,
and as a result of a critical intra-Shia power struggle in the
south.